[TheClimate.Vote] November 1, 2017 - Daily Global Warming News

[Richard Pauli]

/November 1, 2017/
*
A real Halloween horror story: the five scariest aspects of climate 
change 
<http://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2017/10/30/a-real-halloween-horror-story-the-five-scariest-aspects-of-climate-change/>*
Casey Ivanovich   October 30, 2017
Halloween has arrived, and it's time once again for goblins, gremlins, 
and ghost stories.
But there's another threat brewing that's much more frightening - 
because it's real.
An unrecognizable world is quickly creeping up on us as climate change 
progresses - and the anticipated impacts are enough to rattle anyone's 
skeleton.
Here are five of the scariest aspects of climate change. Read on if you 
dare:
*Extreme weather is becoming more extreme*
A changing climate paves the way for extreme weather events to live up 
to their name.
In 2017 alone we saw fatal events worldwide, including:
- A heat wave in India
- The most severe drought in Somalian history
- Devastating wildfires in northern California
- An onslaught of record-breaking hurricanes in the Caribbean, U.S., and 
even Ireland
- Weeks of heavy rainfall and flooding in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India
The fingerprints of climate change can be found on each of these events.
As global temperatures continue to rise, heat waves are expected to 
become more intense, frequent, and longer lasting.
Scientists also predict that rainfall patterns will continue to shift, 
increasing regional risk for widespread drought and flooding.
Drought conditions may also prompt wildfires to occur more frequently 
and within a longer fire season. The wildfire season in the western U.S. 
is already weeks longer than in previous years.
Hurricanes are also influenced by climate change. Rising sea surface 
temperatures, a moister atmosphere, and changing atmospheric circulation 
patterns have the potential to increase hurricanes' power and travel paths.
Extreme weather intensification impacts human health and development in 
many ways - extreme heat events directly generate health hazards such as 
heat stroke, while drought and wildfires threaten crop and ecosystem 
stability.
The 2017 hurricane season has already demonstrated the shocking 
consequences of intensified hurricanes and flooding, with Hurricanes 
Harvey, Irma, and Maria killing more than 150 people and causing as much 
as $300 billion in damages in the U.S. alone.
*Tipping points loom in near future*
A particularly alarming facet of climate change is the threat of 
irreversible changes to climate conditions, called "tipping elements."
These components of the climate system earn their title from a 
possession of critical thresholds, or "tipping points," beyond which a 
tiny change can dramatically alter the state of the system.
Many tipping elements have been identified by scientists, and some may 
have already passed their critical threshold. For example, a vicious 
cycle of sea ice melt has already been triggered, leading scientists to 
predict that Arctic summers will be ice-free before mid-century.
Imminent tipping points also exist for melting ice sheets, particularly 
those of Greenland and West Antarctica, where full ice sheet collapse 
could result in global sea level rise of up to 20 feet and 16 feet 
respectively.
Coral reefs too are rapidly approaching a grave tipping point. Essential 
relationships between algae and corals begin to break down as ocean 
waters rise in temperature and acidity. Without stabilizing these 
changes, the majority of global reef systems may collapse before global 
temperatures reach a two-degree Celsuis warming threshold.
*Coastal communities battle sea level rise*
Sea level rise is one of the most visible impacts of climate change, as 
increased coastal erosion physically erases continental borders.
As the climate warms, ocean waters expand and ice sheets and glaciers 
melt. Both factors contribute to a rising sea level at an accelerating 
rate. Communities in Alaska and several Pacific Islands are already 
fleeing rising seas - relocating as their villages are engulfed and eroded.
Rising sea levels also intensify damages from extreme weather events 
such as hurricanes. A higher sea level allows storm surges to grow in 
height and volume, exacerbating flooding and associated damages.
As water levels continue to rise, more coastal communities will feel the 
consequences. Many major cities are located on coastlines, with almost 
40 percent of U.S. citizens living in coastal cities.
Protecting people from this creeping threat will be difficult and costly 
- as we've already seen in the aftermath of coastal storms such as 
Superstorm Sandy.
*Humans are nearing uncharted climate territory*
A globally averaged two-degree Celsius (or 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) of 
warming over preindustrial levels is the most widely suggested threshold 
we need to stay "well" below.
The threshold was first proposed by William Nordhaus in the 1970's, in 
part because of its historical significance - the human species has 
never lived during a time in which global temperatures were equivalent 
to two-degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels.
The unprecedented nature of this benchmark provided a foundation for 
alarm that carried the two-degrees Celsius value into political and 
scientific discussions for decades.
In a changing climate, unprecedented events will become the norm.
In some cases, they already have.
As infectious diseases spread to previously untouched regions and an 
Arctic ozone hole threatens to open, people are beginning to catch the 
first glimpses of the new world we are creating - one that is in many 
ways more hostile and dangerous than the one we leave behind.
*Many American politicians deny the problem*
Perhaps the only thing more terrifying than the impacts of climate 
change is the overwhelming denial of their existence by some political 
leaders in the U.S.
The Paris Agreement served as a major step forward in promoting climate 
change mitigation policy on an international scale, with almost every 
nation agreeing to tackle this looming threat.
Then in June, President Trump announced his intent to withdraw from the 
agreement. That means the United States will be one of only two 
countries - out of almost 200 - failing to participate in the accords.
The same efforts towards dismantling U.S. climate progress can be seen 
in recent national policy. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator 
Scott Pruitt (who recently claimed that carbon dioxide is not a major 
contributor to global warming) is perhaps the most visible of an 
exhausting list of leaders within the current Administration who deny 
climate science. The Administration is trying to undermine or reverse 
policies addressing climate change, including the Clean Power Plan, and 
information about climate change is vanishing from official agency websites.
The rest of the globe is striving to implement meaningful climate 
policy, including China's unparalleled growth in renewable energy 
support. Soon the U.S. will be left in the dust in the race for a 
greener world.
*Be afraid. Be very afraid. Then do something about it.*
We can't protect you from the monsters hiding under your bed. But 
combating the ominous impacts of climate change is a much more hopeful 
endeavor.
http://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2017/10/30/a-real-halloween-horror-story-the-five-scariest-aspects-of-climate-change/
-
*The 100 Things We Need To Do To Reverse Global Warming 
<https://www.fastcompany.com/3068250/the-100-things-we-need-to-do-to-reverse-global-warming>*
Paul Hawken's new book Drawdown claims to have made a definitive list of 
the most effective global strategies for lowering our emissions. Don't 
despair: they're all totally achievable.
https://www.fastcompany.com/3068250/the-100-things-we-need-to-do-to-reverse-global-warming
-
*Union of Concerned Scientists Solutions to Global Warming 
<http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-solutions/>*
http://www.climatehotmap.org/global-warming-solutions/
*-
35 Easy Ways To Stop Global Warming 
<https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/stopglobalwarming.php>*
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/stopglobalwarming.php

*
How well have climate models projected global warming? 
<https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2017/10/how-well-have-climate-models-projected-global-warming/>*
Scientists have been making projections of future global warming using 
climate models of increasing complexity for the past four decades.
While some models projected less warming than we've experienced and some 
projected more, all showed surface temperature increases between 1970 
and 2016 that were not too far off from what actually occurred, 
particularly when differences in assumed future emissions are taken into 
account.
*Conclusion*
Climate models published since 1973 have generally been quite skillful 
in projecting future warming. While some were too low and some too high, 
they all show outcomes reasonably close to what has actually occurred, 
especially when discrepancies between predicted and actual CO2 
concentrations and other climate forcings are taken into account.
Climate models since 1973 have shown 'close match' between projected and 
observed warming. CLICK TO TWEET
Models are far from perfect and will continue to be improved over time. 
They also show a fairly large range of future warming that cannot easily 
be narrowed using just the changes in climate that we have observed.
Nevertheless, the close match between projected and observed warming 
since 1970 suggests that estimates of future warming may prove similarly 
accurate.
https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2017/10/how-well-have-climate-models-projected-global-warming/
/Environmental scientist Dana Nuccitelli helpfully provided a list of 
past model/observation comparisons, //available at SkepticalScience. 
<https://skepticalscience.com/search.php?Search=Predictions_150>////
//https://skepticalscience.com/search.php?Search=Predictions_150/


*The health impacts of global warming could ruin the economy 
<https://thinkprogress.org/health-impacts-global-warming-ruin-economy-fe3a2d560860/>*
Climate inaction risks "irreversible and unacceptable cost to human 
health," warns medical journal.
Climate change is already seriously harming both public health and labor 
productivity, warns a major new study published Monday in the 
prestigious Lancet medical journal.
"The delayed response to climate change … has jeopardised human life and 
livelihoods," concludes the comprehensive Lancet Countdown, a joint 
project of two dozen universities and intergovernmental organizations 
around the world. Warming since 2000 alone has led to "an estimated 
reduction of 5·3% in outdoor manual labour productivity worldwide."
The productivity loss from warming could exceed the "combined cost of 
all other projected economic losses" from climate change, explained one 
expert  
<http://www.fight-entropy.com/2011/08/temperature-and-worker-output.html> 
-  and yet it has "never been included in economic models of future 
warming."
The new Lancet report  -  like many other analyses  -  makes clear that 
it's not too late to avoid the worst health and labor impacts from 
global warming. But a quarter-century of dawdling has left us no more 
time to delay.
https://thinkprogress.org/health-impacts-global-warming-ruin-economy-fe3a2d560860/


*FactCheck:Climate models have not 'exaggerated' global warming 
<https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-climate-models-have-not-exaggerated-global-warming>*
A new study published in the Nature Geosciences journal this week by 
largely UK-based climate scientists has led to claims in the media that 
climate models are "wrong" and have significantly overestimated the 
observed warming of the planet.
Here Carbon Brief shows why such claims are a misrepresentation of the 
paper's main results. In reality, the results obtained from the type of 
model-observation comparisons performed in the paper depend greatly on 
the dataset and model outputs used by the authors...
...model air temperatures or blended model air/ocean temperatures - and 
the time period examined. ..
"I think some press reporting is misleading as our paper did not assess 
climate impacts or climate model performance. Rather, our paper confirms 
the need for much increased urgent action from around the world if 
society stands a chance of limiting warming to 1.5C."
https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-climate-models-have-not-exaggerated-global-warming


*New Zealand considers creating climate change refugee visas 
<https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/31/new-zealand-considers-creating-climate-change-refugee-visas>* 

Minister says experimental humanitarian visa category could be 
introduced for people displaced by rising seas
  "an experimental humanitarian visa category" could be implemented for 
people from the Pacific who are displaced by rising seas resulting from 
climate change.
"It is a piece of work that we intend to do in partnership with the 
Pacific islands," Shaw said.
Shaw's announcement comes after the New Zealand immigration and 
protection tribunal rejected two families from Tuvalu who applied to 
become refugees in New Zealand due to the impact of climate change.
The families argued rising sea levels, lack of access to clean and 
sanitary drinking water and Tuvalu's high unemployment rate as reasons 
for seeking asylum.
The tribunal ruled they did not risk being persecuted by race, religion, 
nationality or by membership of a political or religious group under the 
1951 refugee convention.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/31/new-zealand-considers-creating-climate-change-refugee-visas


*China says it still wants US cooperation on climate change 
<http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/china-us-operation-climate-change-50828783>*
A Chinese official said Tuesday that his country still wants to 
cooperate with the U.S. on climate change and hopes an upcoming meeting 
on the issue in Germany will produce a draft agreement on implementing 
the Paris climate accord.
China's Special Representative on Climate Change Xie Zhenhua told 
reporters that China wants to boost joint efforts in clean energy, 
carbon capture and research.
"China is willing to step up cooperation with the United States in 
climate change negotiations after the United States said it will stay in 
the talks although it has withdrawn from the accord," Xie said.
After President Donald Trump withdrew the U.S. from the Paris accord in 
June, China swiftly recommitted itself to the nonbinding agreement.
http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/china-us-operation-climate-change-50828783


*Current Climate Pledges Aren't Enough to Stop Severe Warming 
<https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/10/paris-agreement-climate-change-usa-nicaragua-policy-environment/>
*Existing pledges under the Paris Agreement won't curb warming to two 
degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, a new UN report warns.
In an audit of the global Paris Agreement released Tuesday, the UN 
Environment Programme finds that if action to combat climate change is 
limited to just current pledges, the Earth will get at least three 
degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer by 2100 relative to 
preindustrial levels.
"This is unacceptable. If we invest in the right technologies, ensuring 
that the private sector is involved, we can still meet the promise we 
made to our children to protect their future. But we have to get on the 
case now."
To give ourselves a two-out-of-three chance of avoiding two degrees 
Celsius of warming by 2100, the new report says that 2030's total 
emissions can't exceed 42 billion tons of CO2 equivalent. This threshold 
represents about 80 percent of 2016's carbon emissions, which totaled 52 
billion tons of CO2 equivalent.
Pledges made under the Paris Agreement fall well short of achieving this 
goal. Even in a best-case scenario for existing pledges, global 
emissions in 2030 will fall between 53 to 55.5 billion tons of CO2 
equivalent in 2030. That amounts to an overshoot of 11 to 13.5 billion 
tons, or more than twice the United States' 2016 carbon footprint.
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/10/paris-agreement-climate-change-usa-nicaragua-policy-environment/*
*

*Prepare for a world 3 degrees C warmer in 80 years 
<http://climatenewsnetwork.net/prepare-for-a-world-3c-warmer-in-80-years/>*
The UN expects a world 3 degrees C warmer by 2100, even if countries cut 
their greenhouse gas emissions as they promised in 2015.
By Alex Kirby
LONDON, 31 October 2017 - Governments should accept that we shall 
probably be living in a world 3 degrees C warmer than it is today by the 
end of this century unless they urgently step up the speed at which they 
cut greenhouse gases, a United Nations assessment says.
As things stand, the UN says, even fully implementing the goals of the 
Paris Agreement (concluded in 2015) will deliver only one third of what 
is needed for the world to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
It will make "a temperature increase of at least 3 degrees C by 2100 
very likely" - meaning that governments need to deliver much stronger 
pledges when they are revised in 2020.
http://climatenewsnetwork.net/prepare-for-a-world-3c-warmer-in-80-years/
--
*How Bad: Three Degrees <http://localsteps.org/3degreemap.html>*
The Kalahari desert spreads across Botswana, engulfing the capital in 
sand dunes, and driving millions of refugees out to surrounding countries.
A permanent El Nino grips the Pacific, causing weather chaos around the 
world, and drought in the Amazon.
The whole Amazonian ecosystem collapses in a conflagration of fire and 
destruction - desert and savannah eventually take over where the world's 
largest rainforest once stood.
Huge amounts of carbon pour into the atmosphere, adding another degree 
to global warming. Water runs short in Perth, Sydney and other parts of 
Australia away from the far north and south.
Hurricanes strike the tropics half a category stronger than today's, 
with higher windspeeds and rainfall.
Agriculture shifts into the far north - Norway's growing season becomes 
like southern England is today. But with declines in the tropics and 
sub-tropics due to heat and drought, the world tips into net food deficit.
The Indus river runs dry due to glacial retreat in the Himalayas, 
forcing millions of refugees to flee Pakistan.
Possible nuclear conflict with India over water supplies.
Three Degrees video description from National Geographic 
<http://youtu.be/6rdLu7wiZOE>
http://localsteps.org/3degreemap.html
-
*(2009 book )Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet Hardcover - by 
Mark Lynas (Author) 
<https://www.amazon.com/Six-Degrees-Future-Hotter-Planet/dp/142620213X/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1>*
Possibly the most graphic treatment of global warming that has yet been 
published...
https://www.amazon.com/Six-Degrees-Future-Hotter-Planet/dp/142620213X/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1


*(activism) Call now: Block Trump's racist, climate-denying nominee for 
USDA chief scientist <https://act.credoaction.com/call/clovis_calls>*
The Senate Agriculture Committee is expected to vote soon on the 
nomination of racist, climate-denier Sam Clovis to serve as chief 
scientist at the USDA. Make a call now to oppose his confirmation.
https://act.credoaction.com/call/clovis_calls

*
Future Volcanic Eruptions Will Screw With Climate Change More Than 
Before 
<https://www.inverse.com/article/37941-volcano-eruption-climate-change>*
The Earth could cool, but not in the way it needs to.
Climate change doesn't happen in a vacuum. Many factors contribute to 
it, not the least of which is volcanic activity. And while you probably 
think of a volcano in terms of the heat produced, the gas and dust it 
emits actually affect climate change a lot more than you might think.
In a study published Tuesday in Nature Communications, scientists at the 
National Center for Atmospheric Research report that major volcanic 
eruptions could cause more disruption to the global climate than they 
have in the past. By examining the conditions that followed the eruption 
of the Indonesian volcano Mount Tambora in 1815, the Boulder, Colorado 
scientists predict what would happen if this type of major eruption 
occurred in 2085.
The potential alterations to the climate will not be in the Earth's 
favor. While the scientists predict that the cooling that will follow a 
future eruption of that scale would be even more extreme, it will not 
offset the effects of a warming climate. Furthermore, they predict that 
the eruption will disrupt the water cycle, decreasing global 
precipitation...
The reason the temperature change will so drawn out, they explain, is 
because ocean temperature is becoming increasingly stratified  - that 
is, separated into layers based on temperature. As this happens, the 
surface water in the ocean will be increasingly less able to moderate 
the cooling effects of the eruption, causing a longer and more severe 
cooling event. Because the cooling in 1815-1816 occurred at a time when 
ocean temperature was not as stratified, it was absorbed to some degree 
by the water.
https://www.inverse.com/article/37941-volcano-eruption-climate-change


*Governance for a Ban on Geoengineering 
<https://www.c2g2.net/governance-for-a-ban-on-geoengineering/>*
Guest Post by Lili Fuhr, Department Head, Ecology & Sustainable 
Development, Heinrich Boll Foundation / 26 October 2017
All geoengineering approaches are by definition large-scale, 
intentional, and high-risk. Some have well-known negative impacts, 
threatening the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and 
undermining fundamental human rights (for example Bio-Energy with Carbon 
Capture and Storage). Others have great uncertainties when it comes to 
their potential impacts, that will never be fully known before actual 
deployment (mostly Solar Radiation Management).
There is a very important principle in international and national 
environmental law when it comes to dealing with uncertainties and risks 
- the precautionary principle. Based on this principle, the outdoor 
testing and deployment of SRM technologies, because of their potential 
to weaken human rights, democracy, and international peace, should be 
banned outright. This ban should be overseen by a robust and accountable 
multilateral global governance mechanism.
Other technologies that require great scrutiny are Carbon Dioxide 
Removal (CDR) projects that threaten indigenous lands, food security, 
and water availability. Such large-scale technological schemes must be 
assessed diligently before setting up proper regulations, to ensure that 
climate-change solutions do not adversely affect sustainable development 
or human rights. Any intentional large-scale deployment of transboundary 
nature (and with potential transboundary risks and harms) needs to be 
assessed by an agreed UN multilateral mechanism, taking into account the 
rights and interests of all potentially impacted communities and future 
generations. Most CDR schemes currently proposed would very likely fail 
such a rigorous assessment...
https://www.c2g2.net/governance-for-a-ban-on-geoengineering/


*(2 minute Video) Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change - 2017 
report <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se4Ua3k07w8>*
Published on Oct 30, 2017
The 2017 report of The Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and 
Climate Change shows that climate change is already a critical public 
health issue. Its findings outline the various ways climate change is 
affecting the health of people across the planet today.
While the delayed response to climate change over the past two decades 
has jeopardised human life and livelihoods, the past 5 years have seen 
an accelerated response, with momentum building across a number of sectors.
The direction of travel is set in tackling climate change, with clear 
and unprecedented opportunities for public health.
video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=se4Ua3k07w8
*(Text report) TRACKING THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH AND 
CLIMATE CHANGE <http://www.lancetcountdown.org>*
THE 2017 REPORT OF THE LANCET COUNTDOWN
The Lancet Countdown's 2017 report tracks 40 indicators across five 
areas, arriving at three key conclusions:
The human symptoms of climate change are unequivocal and potentially 
irreversible`
The delayed response to climate change over the past 25 years has 
jeopardised human life and livelihoods.
The past 5 years have seen an accelerated response, and in 2017 momentum 
is building across a number of sectors; the direction of travel is set, 
with clear and unprecedented opportunities for public health.
  See our indicators for a more thematic breakdown of the report: 
http://www.lancetcountdown.org/the-report/#
*Climate Change Impacts, Exposures and Vulnerability *
Climate change undermines the foundations of good health, affecting 
populations around the world, today. ...
*Adaptation Planning and Resilience for Health *
Numerous cost-effective solutions exist to adapt to climate change and 
improve public health resilience....
*Mitigation Actions and Health Co-Benefits *
Responding to climate change yields immediate and tangible benefits for 
human health, cleaning up polluted air, ensuring healthier diets, and 
encouraging physical activity. ..*
**Finance and Economics *
Early signs of investment in renewable energy and coal-fired power 
suggest the beginning of a broader transition maybe underway...
*Public and Political Engagement *
Implementing the Paris Agreement depends on enhanced engagement from the 
public and policymakers...
*View the 2017 Report *
The Lancet Countdown's 2017 report is available in full, free of charge, 
here. 
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2817%2932464-9/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr> 
Sign up for a free account with www.lancet.com in order to access it.
http://www.lancetcountdown.org
*(Interactive Graphics) Climate change and health 
<http://www.thelancet.com/infographics/climate-and-health>*
http://www.thelancet.com/infographics/climate-and-health
The links between climate change and public health are increasingly clear.
The Lancet Countdown 2017 report monitors the health impacts of climate 
change and the benefits resulting from the response to climate change.
*Explore and interact with the report's findings. 
<http://www.thelancet.com/infographics/climate-and-health>
*http://www.thelancet.com/infographics/climate-and-health


*Opinion COLUMN-In bizarre twist, coal may become a scarce commodity: 
Russell 
<http://in.reuters.com/article/column-russell-coal/column-in-bizarre-twist-coal-may-become-a-scarce-commodity-russell-idINL4N1N23JKhttp://in.reuters.com/article/column-russell-coal/column-in-bizarre-twist-coal-may-become-a-scarce-commodity-russell-idINL4N1N23JK>*
(The opinions expressed here are those of the author, a columnist for 
Reuters.)
By Clyde Russell
BARCELONA, Oct 27 (REUTERS) - The idea of coal as a scarce commodity 
seems somewhat preposterous given it remains one of the most abundant 
mineral resources on the planet, but the coming years may see a deficit 
in seaborne markets for the polluting fuel...
The issue for global coal markets is that despite the rhetoric of 
countries trying to lower coal consumption, in reality this has been 
increasing.
China's thermal power generation rose 6.3 percent in the first nine 
months of the year, one the reasons that the world's leading coal 
importer was boosting its purchases from the seaborne market.
The further problem is that meeting extra demand has become harder for 
the traditional export powerhouses, Australia, Indonesia and South Africa.
"Coal is becoming scarce," Guillaume Perret, who runs a consultancy 
bearing his name, told the Barcelona event.
http://in.reuters.com/article/column-russell-coal/column-in-bizarre-twist-coal-may-become-a-scarce-commodity-russell-idINL4N1N23JK


*(video classic)  Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms Video 
Abstract <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JP-cRqCQRc8>*
Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions      Published on Mar 21, 2016
Sign up for Dr. James Hansen's email list to receive his latest 
communications: http://bit.ly/1UzeHI1
We made a video discussing some of the main points in our "Ice Melt" 
paper, which is about to be published in Atmos. Phys. Chem.
The main point that I want to make concerns the threat of irreparable 
harm, which I feel we have not communicated well enough to people who 
most need to know, the public and policymakers. I'm not sure how we can 
do that better, but I comment on it at the end of this transcript.
full transcript 
<http://csas.ei.columbia.edu/2016/03/22/ice-melt-sea-level-rise-and-superstorms-the-threat-of-irreparable-harm/> 
http://csas.ei.columbia.edu/2016/03/22/ice-melt-sea-level-rise-and-superstorms-the-threat-of-irreparable-harm/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JP-cRqCQRc8


*This Day in Climate History November 1, 2012 
<http://youtu.be/xp-F9B7Z0Pc>   -  from D.R. Tucker*
November 1, 2012:
- At a campaign rally in Virginia, Republican presidential contender 
Mitt Romney is interrupted by a protester who faults him for not 
addressing climate change. The right-wing audience boos the protester.
http://youtu.be/SGxSnaC1qcU
- On MSNBC, Chris Hayes discusses the irony, and the tragedy, of the 
refusal of President Obama and Mitt Romney to discuss climate change in 
the weeks preceding Superstorm Sandy.
http://youtu.be/xp-F9B7Z0Pc
/
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