[TheClimate.Vote] September 14, 2019 - Daily Global Warming News Digest

Richard Pauli richard at theclimate.vote
Sat Sep 14 09:58:07 EDT 2019


/September 14, 2019/

[Debate summary - Climate Change - video 9 minutes]
*Democratic candidates debate: Climate change | ABC News*
Published on Sep 12, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLzAq_ADcdY


[NPR audio report]
*Greta Thunberg To U.S.: 'You Have A Moral Responsibility' On Climate 
Change*
September 13, 2019
- - -
When asked what her parents think of her activism and the demands on her 
time, Thunberg says, "Of course they are concerned that I am doing all 
this and and that I am not going to school."
The young activist adds, "I think they also see that I am happier now 
than I was before, because I'm doing something meaningful."

She's taking a gap year away from school to focus on her burgeoning 
youth movement.
Noting her parents' concerns about living a very public life and being 
out of school, Thunberg says, "I think they support me in at least some 
way. They know that what I am doing is morally right."
https://www.npr.org/2019/09/13/760538254/greta-thunberg-to-u-s-you-have-a-moral-responsibility-on-climate-change
- - -
[Sensitive interview on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah]
*Greta Thunberg - Inspiring Others to Take a Stand Against Climate 
Change - Extended Interview*
9/11/2019
Climate activist Greta Thunberg talks about her decision to no longer 
travel by plane and describes how a lack of understanding of climate 
change is impacting the planet.
http://www.cc.com/video-clips/ed6ma7/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah-greta-thunberg---inspiring-others-to-take-a-stand-against-climate-change---extended-interview



[oops...electric oversight]
*Climate change: Electrical industry's 'dirty secret' boosts warming*
It's the most powerful greenhouse gas known to humanity, and emissions 
have risen rapidly in recent years, the BBC has learned.
Sulphur hexafluoride, or SF6, is widely used in the electrical industry 
to prevent short circuits and accidents.
But leaks of the little-known gas in the UK and the rest of the EU in 
2017 were the equivalent of putting an extra 1.3 million cars on the road.
Levels are rising as an unintended consequence of the green energy boom...
- - -
It is 23,500 times more warming than carbon dioxide (CO2).
Just one kilogram of SF6 warms the Earth to the same extent as 24 people 
flying London to New York return...
- - -
The EU will review the use of SF6 next year and will examine whether 
alternatives are available. However, even the most optimistic experts 
don't think that any ban is likely to be put in place before 2025.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49567197



["responsible for most"]
*The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre*
Our Mission: To provide high-quality data, analysis and expertise on 
internal displacement with the aim of informing policy and operational 
decisions that can reduce the risk of future displacement and improve 
the lives of internally displaced people (IDP) worldwide.
- - -
SUMMARY
There were about 10.8 million new displacements worldwide in the first 
half of 2019, seven million triggered by disasters - the highest 
mid-year figure IDMC has ever recorded - and 3.8 million by conflict and 
violence. Extreme weather events, particularly storms and floods, were 
responsible for most of the disaster displacement. Cyclone Fani and 
cyclone Idai triggered more than four million displacements between them 
and devastating floods in Iran affected 90 per cent of the country. 
Fragmented international peace efforts mean that overwhelmingly high 
numbers continue to be displaced in Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan and Libya. 
Persistent instability in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia 
and Nigeria has left space for localised violence to take hold. And 
displacement has spiked in porous border areas of West Africa where 
intercommunal violence has been reignited.
http://www.internal-displacement.org/



[Beckwith talk]
*What’s up (down) with Arctic Sea-Ice: Extent, Thickness, Volume 
Dynamics and Thermodynamics*
Published on Sep 12, 2019
Paul Beckwith
In September, 2012 Arctic sea ice extent (regions with at least 15% sea 
ice concentration) set a record low extent, far below any previous year 
and subsequent year, until now. This year, up until about mid-August, 
sea ice extent closely tracked 2012, in fact was even lower than 2012 
for long periods of time. Then, quite unexpectedly, 2019 melt 
significantly flattened out, stalling to be far behind 2012. In this 
first of a series of videos, I discuss possible reasons for this 
stalling, in light of the fact that sea-ice volume continued to track 
closely to that in 2012, with no sign of stalling.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPH5j9Jv9pA
- -
[more on the Arctic]
*New Ice Behaviour Regime for Arctic Sea Ice Melt*
Published on Sep 13, 2019
Paul Beckwith
I continue discussing details of Arctic sea ice melt, including the 
puzzling stalling of the extent drop in mid-August; yet continuation of 
volume loss to match 2012 (year that set records for both lowest volume 
and lowest extent). Physical properties of the sea ice remaining are 
different since most of the stronger, purer (less salt content), 
thicker, older multi-year ice has melted out, or been exported and 
melted, leaving behind only weaker, saltier, thinner, younger first year 
and second year ice. We are in a new ice behaviour regime, with 
different melt and freeze dynamics.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VH3oGQt9VUo



[activism -- long video interview at NYC event]
*The Right to a Future, with Naomi Klein and Greta Thunberg*
The Intercept - reStreaming live on Sep 10, 2019
The Intercept invites you to watch a special event in New York City 
hosted by Intercept senior correspondent Naomi Klein, author of the 
forthcoming book "On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal," and 
headlined by trailblazing climate activist Greta Thunberg, author of "No 
One Is Too Small to Make a Difference."

Together with youth leaders Xiuhtezcatl Martinez, Xiye Bastida, and Vic 
Barrett, as well as Indigenous Amazon leader Tuntiak Katan, Thunberg and 
Klein helped us envision a just and sustainable future, confront our 
climate emergency, and discuss the emerging cross-generational, 
transnational movement -- including people of all races, classes, and 
backgrounds -- that is our best hope for a sustainable planet.

Both a celebration of youth activism and a reflection on how to break 
through the political and economic barriers preventing meaningful 
climate action, "The Right to a Future" brought together a singular 
group of environmental leaders who are on the forefront of the battle to 
secure a thriving future for many generations to come.


"The Right to a Future" kicks off a week of climate coverage, starting 
September 15, by Intercept reporters working across our beats. The 
effort is part of Covering Climate Now, a project co-founded by The 
Nation and Columbia Journalism Review, in partnership with The Guardian, 
that "aims to convene and inform a conversation among journalists about 
how all news outlets can do justice to the defining story of our time."

This event took place ahead of the Global Climate Strike starting 
September 20 and the U.N. Climate Action Summit on September 23.
[Naomi Klein 34 min in]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5_dxzV9MTk



[answer: agriculture]
*What Is Nitrous Oxide and Why Is It a Climate Threat?*
Sabrina Shankman is a reporter for InsideClimate News
Despite its increasing role in global warming and effect on the ozone 
layer, little has been done to rein in this climate pollutant. One big 
reason: agriculture.
When it comes to the global climate crisis, carbon dioxide emissions 
represent a problem that's massive, intractable and running short on 
time to solve. But it's not the only problem.

Other pollutants are rapidly warming our climate, too, sending 
scientists on a race to understand their implications before it's too 
late. For years, experts have warned about the risks from one pollutant 
in particular--nitrous oxide--and yet there's been little global action 
on it.

The reason: "It is intimately connected to food," said Ravi 
Ravishankara, an atmospheric chemist at Colorado State University who 
co-chaired a United Nations panel on stratospheric ozone from 2007 to 2015.
Nitrous oxide is 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide, and it also 
depletes the ozone layer. Since it also has a shorter life span, 
reducing it could have a faster, significant impact on global warming.

But the largest source of nitrous oxide is agriculture, particularly 
fertilized soil and animal waste, and that makes it harder to rein in. 
"One could imagine limiting carbon dioxide, less methane, less of lots 
of things. But nitrous oxide is so much a food production issue," 
Ravishankara said...
- - -
Compared with carbon dioxide, which can live in the atmosphere for 
hundreds of years, nitrous oxide is around a relatively short time. But 
it stays in the atmosphere longer than other short-lived climate 
pollutants like black carbon (which exists in the atmosphere for days) 
or methane (which is around for 12 years)...
Nitrous oxide also poses a second threat: while in the stratosphere, 
nitrous oxide is exposed to sunlight and oxygen which converts the gas 
into nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides can damage the ozone layer, which 
humans rely on to prevent most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation from 
reaching earth's surface.

That double-threat effect results in the gas's potency. One pound of N2O 
warms the atmosphere about 300 times the amount that one pound of carbon 
dioxide does over a 100 year timescale. Its potency and relatively long 
life make N2O a dangerous contributor to climate change....
- -
Agriculture isn't the only culprit, though. Nitrous oxide is also 
emitted when fuels are burned, though how much depends on what type of 
fuel, and which combustion technology is used. It's also generated as a 
byproduct of the production of chemicals like nitric acid (used for 
fertilizer) or adipic acid (used to make nylon and other synthetic 
products). The treatment of domestic wastewater can also generate 
nitrous oxide...
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11092019/nitrous-oxide-climate-pollutant-explainer-greenhouse-gas-agriculture-livestock


[a book review about the moral, philosophical, and criminal]
*The Criminal Dimension of Climate Change*
by Andrew Glikson
- - -
*Unprecedented Crime: Climate Science Denial and Game Changers for 
Survival*, a book by Peter Carter and Elizabeth Woodworth, with a 
foreword by leading climate scientist James Hansen, outlines the 
criminality of those who actively promote the continuing emission of 
carbon gases into the atmosphere despite having full knowledge of the 
consequences. These consequences include the breakdown of large ice 
sheets, rising sea levels, and the intensification of extreme weather 
events around the world, such as hurricanes, floods, and fires.

The book highlights the collusion of large parts of the mainstream media 
with climate change denial and its cover up, stating that

there is no benign explanation for a full media blackout of a 
significant global development that was heralded by the United Nations 
Secretary-General. This blackout goes far beyond ignorance or 
negligence. It is a willful obstruction of public knowledge of the 
extraordinary extent of global efforts to combat the greatest 
existential threat of all time by changing business-as-usual. We define 
this willful, methodical blocking of vital survival information as an 
unprecedented crime against life on the planet.

The book cites Tom Engelhardt, author of *Terracide and the Terrarists: 
Destroying the Planet for Record Profits*:

    The fossil-fuel companies are guilty of the ultimate crime, because
    they are earning their profits directly off melting the planet,
    knowing that their extremely profitable acts are destroying the very
    habitat, the very temperature range that for so long made life
    comfortable for humanity.… However, Big Carbon could never have been
    able to continue its polluting ways--long after the scientific
    community had reached consensus about the connection between
    fossil-fuel emissions, global warming, and climate change--without
    the assistance of the media.

According to James Hansen, the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration’s former chief climate scientist,

    burning all fossil fuels would create a different planet than the
    one that humanity knows. The paleoclimate record and ongoing climate
    change make it clear that the climate system would be pushed beyond
    tipping points, setting in motion irreversible changes, including
    ice sheet disintegration with a continually adjusting shoreline,
    extermination of a substantial fraction of species on the planet,
    and increasingly devastating regional climate extremes.

    Following the presentation of definitive evidence of anthropogenic
    climate change, a plethora of websites have emerged reporting the
    views of nonscientists as well as scientists known to receive
    funding from the fossil fuel industry. These views, in breach of the
    basic laws of physics and of direct observations, ignore
    peer-reviewed, published climate and paleoclimate science,
    misrepresent observed atmospheric and oceanic processes and trends,
    fabricate evidence, and conduct personal attacks against climate
    scientists.

*Examples of this abound:*
Climate change deniers claim carbon dioxide is not a factor driving 
global warming, contrary to the rise of carbon dioxide by more than 40 
percent since the onset of the industrial age and the laws of black-body 
radiation--Stefan-Boltzmann law, Planck’s law, and Kirchhoff’s law.
Whereas the average global temperature has been rising sharply since 
about 1975, there was a relative lull during 2000-14, with high warming 
rates resuming in 2015. This was mainly due to (1) albedo increase from 
heavy sulfur-aerosol emission, and (2) fewer sunspots. Climate-change 
deniers claim this transient period represents a cessation of global 
warming.

Whereas the large Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheets have been 
melting at a rate of more than 500 billion metric tons per year, the 
ice-melt water flowing off these glaciers cooled adjacent ocean regions, 
resulting in transient extension of circum-Antarctic sea ice, which 
climate-change deniers claim to represent global cooling.
Virulent attacks on climate scientists followed. To use one example from 
the book, a climate change denier "argued that the ‘demonization of 
carbon dioxide really differs little from the Nazi persecution of the 
Jews, the Soviet extermination of class enemies or ISIL slaughter of 
infidels.'"

Large parts of the conservative press have taken strong exception to the 
evidence of anthropogenic global warming, as reported in Robert Manne’s 
essays "Diabolical" and "Bad News."

The manifest paralysis of the political and media classes in the face of 
the climate impasse, evidenced by the failure of a succession of United 
Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change to undertake meaningful 
steps to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions--since 2009: Copenhagen, 
Cancun, Doha, Durban, Warsaw, Paris--requires alternative avenues to 
limit the deleterious consequences of continuing carbon emissions on the 
biosphere. These consequences have been reported by the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group II (Climate 
Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability) and Working Group 
III (WGIII - Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of climate change).

Traditionally, political and economic negotiations aim to compromise. 
Unfortunately, no negotiation is possible with the basic laws of physics 
and chemistry, or with processes in the atmosphere-ocean-cryosphere system.

Is there anything in international and national law that can avert 
ongoing carbon emissions? Do global and national legal systems offer any 
possibilities in this regard? In exploring potential restrictions on 
carbon emissions, the following international and national laws and 
conventions are relevant:

Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the 
International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum. Such crimes are 
particularly odious offenses that constitute a serious attack on human 
dignity, or grave humiliation or degradation of one or more human 
beings. Crimes against humanity are not isolated or sporadic events, but 
are part of either government policy (although perpetrators need not 
identify themselves with policy) or a wide practice of atrocities 
tolerated or condoned by a government or a de facto authority.
United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 
Part III, Article 6, which states that "every human being has the 
inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one 
shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life. When deprivation of life 
constitutes the crime of genocide, it is understood that nothing in this 
article shall authorize any State Party to the present Covenant to 
derogate in any way from any obligation assumed under the provisions of 
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide."
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, July 17, 1998, Article 
7, Crimes Against Humanity, extermination. Extermination includes the 
intentional infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the deprivation 
of access to food and medicine, calculated to bring about the 
destruction of part of a population. Australian Commonwealth and State 
laws regarding air quality standards and the prohibition of pollution.
Recently, a successful legal challenge has been raised in the United 
States in this regard, as evidenced in the statement by Professor James 
Hansen.

*Some of the consequences of the above include:*
Since the onset of the industrial age and particularly since the Second 
World War, an abrupt rise in atmospheric temperature levels has been 
driven by an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases due to 
the release of more than 600 billion metric tons of carbon (gigatons of 
carbon, or GtC) into the atmosphere. This is leading to a dramatic shift 
in the state of the atmosphere-ocean system, unprecedented in recorded 
geological history with the exception of events that led to mass 
extinctions, such as massive volcanism, extraterrestrial impacts, and 
large-scale releases of methane.

As a direct consequence of the above, mean global temperatures have 
risen by about 1.3C and, had it not been for emitted sulfur, aerosol 
temperatures have risen by nearly 2.0C, reaching levels similar to those 
of the Pliocene period roughly 2.6-5.3 million years ago. This shift is 
occurring at the fastest rate recorded by paleoclimate studies. Whereas 
many species can adapt to gradual environmental changes, the current 
temperature-rise rate, resulting from ~2-3 ppm carbon dioxide/year, 
cannot be sustained.15 The current change is manifested by an increase 
in the melting rate of the major ice sheets, the accelerating rise in 
sea levels, and the greater frequency and intensity of extreme weather 
events, reflecting elevated energy levels of the atmosphere-ocean system.

Continuing carbon emissions and the consequent rise of mean global 
temperatures will render large parts of Earth’s land surfaces 
uninhabitable due to extreme temperatures, droughts, storms, and 
flooding of coastal deltas and lower river regions due to the rise in 
sea levels. The rise in sea levels is estimated to be about 25 ± 12 
meters--Pliocene-like conditions--constituting an existential calamity 
for civilization and nature.17 Leaving aside the injection of transient, 
short-residence time sulfur aerosols, the arrest of current climate 
trends would require (1) a meaningful reduction in the current rate of 
carbon emissions (~9 GtC/year), and (2) the application of carbon 
dioxide drawdown technologies, such as large-scale sea grass farming, 
biochar, and carbon dioxide capture by air streaming through basalt and 
serpentine, aimed at reducing atmospheric greenhouse gases by at least 
50 ppm. There are enough reserves of conventional and unconventional 
(oil shale, tar sands, coal seam gas) fossil fuels whose combustion 
would raise atmospheric and oceanic temperatures to the levels of the 
early Eocene and the Cretaceous periods, excluding most current forms of 
advanced life on Earth.

As Robert Manne writes: "Unless by some miracle almost every climate 
scientist is wrong, future generations will look upon ours with 
puzzlement and anger--as the people who might have prevented Earth from 
becoming a habitat unfriendly to humans and other species but 
nonetheless failed to act.… Our conscious destruction of a planet 
friendly to humans and other species is the most significant development 
in history."

The carbon-oxygen cycle of the atmosphere-ocean-land constitutes the 
lungs of the biosphere. Burning the vast carbon reserves buried in 
sediments can only result in a demise rivaling the five great mass 
extinctions in Earth’s history. Survivors of the sixth mass extinction 
may hold responsible those who promoted carbon emissions and turned a 
blind eye to the unfolding tragedy: the fossil fuel barons, the 
political classes, and their media mouthpieces.
See more and footnotes: 
https://monthlyreview.org/2019/03/01/the-criminal-dimension-of-climate-change/
- - -
[In the Journal Nature - deliberate misinformation studies]
*False statements about climate change trip people up*
Respondents in survey couldn’t always tell climate facts from falsehoods 
-- even when they were sure they were right.
- - -
*Confident decisions*
People’s confidence in their knowledge of the facts is important when it 
comes to decision-making, says Helen Fischer at Stockholm University, 
who led the study. "People who trust in the solidity of their 
understanding of climate change, and that of their informants, are more 
likely to change their behaviour than citizens ignorant of the science 
or relying on mere guesswork," she says. Researchers have extensively 
studied people’s attitudes towards climate change and how this relates 
to their education, personal values and political leanings, she adds. 
But the research doesn't usually focus on how confident people are in 
their knowledge.

The team was keen to base its study in Germany, where the policies aimed 
at curbing climate change -- such as pricing carbon emissions from cars 
and buildings -- has generated heated debate.

The work shows how important it is that the government’s climate policy 
is accompanied by a clear communication strategy, says Brigitte Knopf, 
secretary-general of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons 
and Climate Change in Berlin. "If, for example, it combines carbon 
pricing with revenue-neutral refund for households, it can avoid a 
burden on lower income groups in particular," she says. "But it is 
important that it makes people aware of this in a catchy way."
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02637-x



[I hope this is humor]
*Trump Signs Executive Order Giving Him Control of Weather*
A beaming Trump pronounced "total victory" over the weather, which he 
called "the enemy of the people."
September 13, 2019 Andy Borowitz
WASHINGTON (The Borowitz Report)—In what some congressional Democrats 
are calling a flagrant example of Presidential overreach, Donald Trump 
on Tuesday signed an executive order giving him total control of the 
weather.

Under the terms of the order, Trump would assume the unilateral power to 
create all meteorological conditions, including but not limited to 
hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, hail, sleet, and wintry mix.

After signing the order, a beaming Trump pronounced "total victory" over 
the weather, which he called "the enemy of the people."

"I have been treated very unfairly by the weather," Trump said. "The 
weather is a horrible person."

On Fox News, Sean Hannity praised Trump's decision to seize control of 
the weather and compared it favorably to former President Barack Obama’s 
weather policy, which he called "a trainwreck."

"Obama just let the weather run wild," Hannity said.

Although Trump’s executive order is certain to face legal challenges, 
White House sources indicated that the President was ready to press 
forward with an additional order giving him dominion over all living 
things, the planets, and the stars.
https://portside.org/2019-09-13/trump-signs-executive-order-giving-him-control-weather


*This Day in Climate History - September 14, 2004 - from D.R. Tucker*
September 14, 2004: British Prime Minister Tony Blair declares that 
climate change is "...a challenge so far-reaching in its impact and 
irreversible in its destructive power, that it alters radically human 
existence." He further notes:

    "The problem...is that the challenge is complicated politically by
    two factors. First, its likely effect will not be felt to its full
    extent until after the time for the political decisions that need to
    be taken, has passed. In other words, there is a mismatch in timing
    between the environmental and electoral impact. Secondly, no one
    nation alone can resolve it. It has no definable boundaries. Short
    of international action commonly agreed and commonly followed
    through, it is hard even for a large country to make a difference on
    its own.

    "But there is no doubt that the time to act is now. It is now that
    timely action can avert disaster. It is now that with foresight and
    will such action can be taken without disturbing the essence of our
    way of life, by adjusting behaviour not altering it entirely."

http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/sep/15/greenpolitics.uk
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