[✔️] January 18, 2023- Global Warming News Digest - domoic acid animals attack
Richard Pauli
Richard at CredoandScreed.com
Wed Jan 18 07:11:45 EST 2023
/*January 18, 2023*/
/[ Newsweek reports -- over heated seas generate algae with domoic
acid,//poisoned seals attack humans]/
*Hyperaggressive Seals Likely Poisoned With Acid Are Attacking Humans*
BY JESS THOMSON ON 1/17/23
A spate of attacks by seals around Cape Town in South Africa may be due
to the marine mammals having been poisoned by domoic acid.
The domoic acid, a toxin released during a red tide algal bloom, may
have made its way into the seal's system if they fed in the bloom's
vicinity and caused swelling in their brains and hearts, leading to
increased aggression, Brett Glasby, wildlife management program
coordinator at Two Oceans Aquarium, told local outlet News24.
"Domoic acid is produced by the phytoplankton genus Pseudonitzschia, a
type of diatom," Pete Strutton, a biological oceanographer at the
University of Tasmania, told Newsweek. "Diatoms are a group of plankton
(more specifically a type of phytoplankton, the photosynthetic
plankton). They are common in very productive parts of the ocean, like
coastal upwelling regions. Cape Town is close to the large Benguela
upwelling system. California and Peru are other prominent examples of
upwelling systems where the phytoplankton are dominated by diatoms."
Under certain conditions, Pseudonitzschia produces domoic acid, but they
don't produce it all the time. Scientists aren't sure why.
Glasby said that usually when seals are poisoned by domoic acid, they
will die, with survivors experiencing long-term neurological damage. He
suggested that a mass-death event of Cape fur seals occurred due to
domoic acid poisoning in late 2021 in the Cape Town area.
"We also know from similar events that have been documented in
California and New Zealand that for roughly 18 months after the event,
some seals will exhibit unusual behaviors, predominantly excessively
aggressive defensiveness," Glasby said. "This means that their response
to stress or a possible stress is to respond aggressively."
One of the attacks occurred on January 3, when actress LouLou Taylor,
who recently played in the series Raised by Wolves, was bitten six times
by a seal on Clifton's 4th Beach in Cape Town. Other incidents occurred
around the same time in Hout Bay and Yzerfontein, the South African
National Sea Rescue Institute stated.
https://www.newsweek.com/seal-attacks-algal-bloom-neurotoxin-south-africa-1774359
- -
/[ See one of the attacks on twitter ]/
*WATCH | Seal attack at Clifton beach, Cape Town could have been avoided
if Swimmers didn't attempt to chase it away, says Hout Bay Seal rescue.*
On this received video the seal was making its way back into the water
when it chased and started biting a child that was splashing around in
the surf.
In trying to separate the seal from the child, the father was also
bitten. Another swimmer was also bitten as the seal got further into the
water.
https://twitter.com/MDNnewss/status/1610675720656752641
https://twitter.com/i/status/1610675720656752641
- -
/[ this has been seen before - NCCOS National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science ]/
*Aggression is a Symptom of Domoic Acid Poisoning in California Sea Lions*
Research Area(s): Stressor Impacts and Mitigation / Harmful Algal Bloom
Detection and Forecasting
Region(s) of Study: Waterbodies / Pacific Ocean; U.S. States and
Territories / California
Primary Contact(s): john.ramsdell at noaa.gov
This project began in January 2009 and is Ongoing
To gain a better understanding of symptoms experienced by California sea
lions caused by the toxin domoic acid, we are studying the relationship
between aggression and seizure behavior in laboratory rats exposed to
domoic acid. Our results have shown increased aggression can be a
symptom of domoic acid poisoning whether or not seizures are occurring,
but the aggression is not permanent. Our ongoing work will provide a
scientific basis for choosing the best possible rehabilitative measures.
- -
Increasing numbers of California sea lions are becoming sick each year
from ingesting domoic acid, a neurotoxin that accumulates in the fish
and shellfish they consume. Domoic acid is produced by the algae
Pseudo-nitzchia and causes vomiting, unusual behaviors, seizures, loss
of pregnancy, and death in the sea lions and other organisms. The
increase in sea lion cases may be indicative of an increasing threat to
other marine species...
- -
Our research thus far indicates that:
- - many of the rats became highly aggressive one month after domoic
acid poisoning, similar to observations in some poisoned sea lions; /...//
/https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/aggression-symptom-domoic-acid-poisoning-california-sea-lions//
/
/- -/
/[ Wikipedia entry for Domoic Acid]
/*Domoic acid *(DA) is a kainic acid-type neurotoxin that causes amnesic
shellfish poisoning (ASP).[1] It is produced by algae and accumulates in
shellfish, sardines, and anchovies. When sea lions, otters, cetaceans,
humans, and other predators eat contaminated animals, poisoning may
result. Exposure to this compound affects the brain, causing seizures,
and possibly death...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domoic_acid/
/
/- -/
/[ US National Office for Harmful Algal Blooms ]/
*Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning*
Causative organisms: Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
Toxin produced: Domoic Acid
Chains of Pseudo-nitzschia sp. isolated from the Gulf of Maine. (L.
Fernandes)
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), also called domoic-acid poisoning,can
be a life-threatening syndrome that is characterized by both
gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Gastroenteritis usually
develops within 24 hours of the consumption of toxic shellfish; symptoms
include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. In severe
cases, neurological symptoms also appear, usually within 48 hours of
toxic shellfish consumption. These symptoms include dizziness, headache,
seizures, disorientation, short-term memory loss, respiratory
difficulty, and coma. In 1987, four victims died after consuming toxic
mussels from Prince Edward Island, Canada. After that incident, Canadian
authorities began monitoring the water column for the presence of the
causative diatom and shellfish for the presence of the toxin, domoic
acid. Shellfish beds are closed to harvesting when the domoic acid
concentration reaches 20 µg/g shellfish meat. However, since fish and
crab viscera can also contain domoic acid, the risk to human consumers
and animals in the marine food chain is more significant than previously
believed.
The first confirmed incidence of domoic-acid poisoning was confirmed on
the U.S. west coast in spring 1991, when sea lions and sea birds were
sickened after eating toxin-laden anchovies. Later that year, domoic
acid was also measured in razor clams collected on Washington State
beaches. Since then, the death or stranding of other marine animals,
including whales, has been suspected or confirmed to be due to domoic
acid poisoning. The sinking of decaying blooms into the benthic region
and transfer of toxin to vector organisms such as sand crab is another
way that animals such as sea otters can become sickened or die due to
domoic acid poisoning. Animals poisoned by domoic acid include seabirds
and marine mammals, including sea lions, sea otters, whales.
Domoic-acid producing Pseudo-nitzschia species and their vectors/
/https://hab.whoi.edu/impacts/impacts-human-health/human-health-amnesic-shellfish-poisoning//
/
/
/
/
/
/[ preparing for expectations ] /
*Warning of unprecedented heatwaves as El Niño set to return in 2023*
Scientists say phenomenon coupled with growing climate crisis likely to
push global temperatures ‘off the chart’
Damian Carrington Environment editor
Mon 16 Jan 2023
The return of the El Niño climate phenomenon later this year will cause
global temperatures to rise “off the chart” and deliver unprecedented
heatwaves, scientists have warned.
Early forecasts suggest El Niño will return later in 2023, exacerbating
extreme weather around the globe and making it “very likely” the world
will exceed 1.5C of warming. The hottest year in recorded history, 2016,
was driven by a major El Niño.
It is part of a natural oscillation driven by ocean temperatures and
winds in the Pacific, which switches between El Niño, its cooler
counterpart La Niña, and neutral conditions. The last three years have
seen an unusual run of consecutive La Niña events.
This year is already forecast to be hotter than 2022, which global
datasets rank as the fifth or sixth hottest year on record. But El Niño
occurs during the northern hemisphere winter and its heating effect
takes months to be felt, meaning 2024 is much more likely to set a new
global temperature record...
The greenhouse gases emitted by human activities have driven up average
global temperature by about 1.2C to date. This has already led to
catastrophic impacts around the world, from searing heatwaves in the US
and Europe to devastating floods in Pakistan and Nigeria, harming
millions of people.
“It’s very likely that the next big El Niño could take us over 1.5C,”
said Prof Adam Scaife, the head of long-range prediction at the UK Met
Office. “The probability of having the first year at 1.5C in the next
five-year period is now about 50:50.”
“We know that under climate change, the impacts of El Niño events are
going to get stronger, and you have to add that to the effects of
climate change itself, which is growing all the time,” he said. “You put
those two things together, and we are likely to see unprecedented
heatwaves during the next El Niño.”
The fluctuating impacts of the El Niño-La Niña cycle could be seen in
many regions of the world, Scaife said. “Science can now tell us when
these things are coming months ahead. So we really do need to use it and
be more prepared, from having readiness of emergency services right down
to what crops to plant.”
Prof James Hansen, at Columbia University, in New York, and colleagues
said recently: “We suggest that 2024 is likely to be off the chart as
the warmest year on record. It is unlikely that the current La Niña will
continue a fourth year. Even a little futz of an El Niño should be
sufficient for record global temperature.” Declining air pollution in
China, which blocks the sun, was also increasing heating, he said.
While El Niño would supercharge extreme weather, the degree of
exacerbation was under debate among scientists.
Prof Bill McGuire, at University College London, UK, said: “When [El
Niño arrives], the extreme weather that has rampaged across our planet
in 2021 and 2022 will pale into insignificance.” While Prof Tim Palmer,
at the University of Oxford, said: “The correlation between extreme
weather and global mean temperature is not that strong [but] the
thermodynamic effects of climate change are going to make the anomalies
we get from an El Niño year just that more extreme.”
Climate modelling results issued in early January by Australia’s Bureau
of Meteorology indicated the country could swing from three years of
above-average rainfall to one of the hottest, driest El Niño periods on
record, increasing the risk of severe heatwaves, droughts and fires. In
December, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration rated
the odds of an El Niño forming by August-October as 66%.
The scale of the likely El Niño was as yet unclear. Prof Andy Turner, at
the University of Reading, said: “Many seasonal forecast models are
suggesting the arrival of moderate El Niño conditions from summer 2023.”
The picture would be much clearer by June, the scientists said.
The El Niño-La Niña phenomenon is the biggest cause of year-to-year
differences in weather in many regions. In La Niña years, the
east-to-west Pacific trade winds are stronger, pushing warm surface
waters to the west and drawing up deeper, cooler water in the east. El
Niño events happen when the trade winds wane, allowing the warm waters
to spread back eastwards, smothering the cooler waters and leading to a
rise in global temperatures.
Nations bordering the west Pacific, including Indonesia and Australia,
experience hotter and drier conditions. “You tend to get lots of
droughts, lots of wildfires,” said Scaife, though China can suffer
flooding in the Yangtze basin after big El Niños.
India’s monsoons, and rains in southern Africa can also be suppressed.
Other regions, such as east Africa and the southern US, both of which
have suffered recent droughts, can get more rain and flooding. In South
America, southern regions are wetter, but the Amazon, already
approaching a dangerous tipping point, is drier.
“The effects of El Niño could also be felt as far as the northern
hemisphere mid-latitudes, with a likelihood of wetter conditions in
Spain from summer onwards and drier conditions on the eastern seaboard
of the US in the following winter and spring,” said Turner.
Palmer said the biggest unanswered question was whether climate change
favoured more El Niño or more La Niña events: “That is crucially
important for countries looking at long-term adaptation, and will need
much higher-resolution climate models. That can only come about with
bigger computers.”
Palmer and colleagues have called for the establishment of a $1bn
international centre for climate modelling, akin to the Large Hadron
Collider that allows international particle physicists to do together
what no single nation can do alone.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/16/return-of-el-nino-will-cause-off-the-chart-temperature-rise-climate-crisis
/[ Australian news about heavy rains there - talk with climate
scientist Dr Peter Glick ]/
NEWSRADIO
*AUDIO: Storm-hit California faces challenges with more rainfall on the way*
Posted Jan 17, 2023
Light rainfall is predicted to hit California in the coming days,
prompting forecasters to warn it could be enough to cause problems
because the ground is so saturated.
California is seeing a much needed reprieve after a string of storms
that drenched the state and covered the mountains in heavy snow.
Since Christmas week, at least 20 people have died as a result of the
storms, which the LA Times noted is a higher death toll than that of the
past two fire seasons combined.
ABC NewsRadio's Thomas Oriti spoke to Dr Peter Gleick, a
hydro-climatologist and co-founder of the Pacific Institute in Oakland,
California. He's also author of the forthcoming book "The Three Ages of
Water."
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-18/storm-hit-california-faces-more-challenges-as/101866280
/[ MIT Sloan study]/
*MIT Sloan book says we need to do a lot more to prevent and prepare for
climate catastrophes**
*January 17, 2023
Climate Future: Averting and Adapting to Climate Change, by MIT Sloan
economist Robert S. Pindyck explains what we know and don't know about
climate change, and what we can do to prepare for a possible climate
catastrophe.
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Jan. 17, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- A new book by an
economist at MIT Sloan School of Management argues that despite efforts
to reduce emissions worldwide, severe climate change is likely
inevitable in the not-too-distant future and we must invest now in
strategies and technologies to help us adapt to rising temperatures and
sea levels.
"Given the economic and political realities, it's simply not realistic
to expect emission reductions alone will avert global warming," says
author Robert S. Pindyck, the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Professor of
Economics and Finance. He says federal, state, and local governments
need to invest in adaptations to counter current and future fallout from
climate change.
Exactly how much will temperatures and sea levels rise, and how will
this impact our economic and social welfare? Pindyck says it's
impossible to know. "The extent of climate change and its impact on the
economy and society are much more uncertain than most people think," he
writes.
In Climate Future: Averting and Adapting to Climate Change, Pindyck
argues that despite our best efforts, there's "a strong likelihood"
global mean temperature over the next 50 years will increase 3 degrees
Celsius or more due to the rapid growth of emissions from China, India,
and other developing countries.
These increased emissions, Pindyck notes, have "completely swamped" the
relatively small emission reductions achieved in the U.S. and Europe.
Even if worldwide emissions went to zero today, atmospheric CO2
concentrations would remain above 400 ppm for decades to come because of
the two-decade or more lag between an increase in atmospheric CO2 and
the related effect on temperature.
This means that in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we
need to develop new hybrid crops, adopt policies to discourage building
in flood-prone or wildfire-prone areas, build seawalls and dikes–among
other approaches–to counter the effects of rising sea levels, extended
drought, and more intense and frequent storms.
Throughout history, migrating populations have successfully adapted to
changing conditions through human innovation. The Netherlands' earliest
dikes, for example, were built more than 800 years ago. Pindyck, who has
studied the economic and policy implications of global catastrophic
events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, says we need to work now to avoid
the worst effects of climate change.
*
**Among his recommendations:*
- - Stop government insurance programs that subsidize the
construction of homes and businesses in flood-prone and
wildfire-prone areas
- - Change building codes to reduce vulnerability to flooding
- - Build more levees and seawalls, which already protect around 15
percent of the U.S. coastline from erosion, rising sea levels, and
the effects of hurricanes
- - Pursue solar geoengineering, which aims to reflect solar energy
back into space to cool the planet
- - Protect and enhance natural barriers to flooding such as coastal
wetlands, dunes, coral reefs, and maritime vegetation
- - Develop new heat- and drought-resistant crops
- - Plant more trees and continue to pursue carbon sequestration
technologies
- - Pursue nuclear energy as well as renewables
Pindyck argues that while the U.S. and Europe may meet CO2 emission
targets, China, India, Indonesia, and Russia most likely will not, and
may not even set targets. "Even the most optimistic projections of CO2
emission reductions imply a substantial buildup of CO2 in the
atmosphere, and as a result a gradual increase in temperatures
worldwide," he says.
"Maybe the impact of higher temperatures and rising sea levels on GDP
and other measures of human welfare over the coming decades will be
small," he writes. "Or maybe we'll be very unlucky, and the impact will
be extreme." We simply cannot know, he says, because while predictive
models convey an aura of scientific legitimacy and precision, climate
systems are inherently complex and beyond our current ability to predict
with a high level of accuracy, he says.
This level of uncertainty can make public policy decision-making
confounding. Because today's climate policy decisions have both
short-term costs and long-term economic implications, it would be wrong
to take a "wait-and-see" approach. Pindyck, whose research spans
microeconomics and industrial organization, natural resource, and
commodity markets, considers it "irresponsible to make believe" that
relying on GHG emission reductions alone will avert a climate catastrophe.
Media Contact: Casey BayerDirector of Media RelationsMIT Sloan School of
Managementbayerc at mit.edu914.584.9095
https://www.streetinsider.com/PRNewswire/MIT+Sloan+book+says+we+need+to+do+a+lot+more+to+prevent+and+prepare+for+climate+catastrophes/21075788.html
- -
/[ publisher Oxford Academic Press $39.95 ]/
*Climate Future*
Averting and Adapting to Climate Change
Robert S. Pindyck
Description
Most people would probably agree on what should be done to avert severe
climate change: The world must reduce CO2 emissions as much and as
quickly as possible. But we must also ask what will be done. Is it
realistic to expect worldwide emissions to fall rapidly enough to
prevent severe climate change? And if we conclude it is not realistic,
and so higher temperatures and rising sea levels are likely, what should
we do? What actions should we take now to reduce the likely impact of
climate change?
Whatever climate policies are adopted, there will be a great deal of
uncertainty over what will happen as a result. In Climate Future, Robert
Pindyck, an authority on the economics of climate change and global
catastrophes, explains what we know and what we don't know about the
extent of climate change and its impact, why there is so much
uncertainty, and what it means for climate policy. This book shows that
given the economic and political realities, it is simply not realistic
to expect emission reductions needed to avert substantial global
warming. Pindyck argues that investments in adaptation-developing new
hybrid crops, discouraging building in flood-prone or wildfire-prone
areas, building sea walls and dikes, and geoengineering-are needed to
insure against catastrophic climate change events. We should invest now
in adaptation, and Pindyck shows how that can be done.
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/climate-future-9780197647349?cc=us&lang=en&#
/[ Calm conversation as our predicament stresses our mental health - New
Books Network text and audio offers conversations ]/
*Climate Psychology - A Matter of Life and Death*
PHOENIX PUBLISHING HOUSE 2022
Wendy Hollway, Paul Hoggett, Chris Robertson, and Sally Weintrobe
Nov 29, 2022
*- - Interview audio https://megaphone.link/NBN6953875142*
_Climate Psychology: A Matter of Life and Death_ (Phoenix Publishing
House, 2022) offers ways to work with the unthinkable and emotionally
unendurable current predicament of humanity. The style and writing
interweave passion and reflection, animation and containment, radical
hope, and tragedy to reflect the dilemmas of our collective crisis. The
authors model a relational approach in their styles of writing and in
the book's structure. Four chapters, each with a strikingly original
voice and insight, form the core of the book, held either end by two
jointly written chapters. In contrast to a psychology that focuses on
individual behavior change, the authors use a transdisciplinary mix of
approaches (depth psychology and psychotherapy, earth systems, deep
ecology, cultural sociology, critical history, group and institutional
outreach) to bring into focus the predicament of this period. While the
last decade required a focus on climate denial in all its manifestations
(which continues in new ways), a turning point has now been reached.
Increasingly extreme weather across the world is making it impossible
for simple avoidance of the climate threat.
Wendy Hollway, Paul Hoggett, Chris Robertson, and Sally Weintrobe
address how climate psychology illuminates and engages the life and
death challenges that face terrestrial life. This book will appeal to
three core groups. First, mental health and social care professionals
wanting support in containing and potentially transforming the malaise.
Second, activists wanting to participate in new stories and practices
that nurture their engagement with the present social and cultural
crisis. Third, those concerned about the climate emergency, wanting to
understand the deeper context for this dangerous blindness.
Karyne Messina is a licensed psychologist and psychoanalyst at the
Washington Baltimore Center for Psychoanalysis and ... on the medical
staff of Suburban Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. She is the author of
Resurgence of Populism: A Psychoanalytic Study of Projective
Identification, Blame Shifting and the Corruption of Democracy
(Routledge, 2022).
https://newbooksnetwork.com/climate-psychology
/[ revelations - academic, high-brow stuff - video ]/
*Amin Samman: World Financial Void*
Centre for Apocalyptic & Post-Apocalyptic Studies
752 subscribers
Jan 17m 2023
Amin Samman: World Financial Void
CAPAS - Lecture Series 2022-2023
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbtXTpp8N0A
- -
[ video channel ]
*Centre for Apocalyptic & Post-Apocalyptic Studies*
https://www.youtube.com/@CAPASHeidelberg
/[The news archive - looking back at the beginning trend of constantly
setting records. Lessons not learned, will be repeated ]/
/*January 18, 2017*/
The New York Times reports:
“Marking another milestone for a changing planet, scientists reported on
Wednesday that the Earth reached its highest temperature on record in
2016 — trouncing a record set only a year earlier, which beat one set in
2014. It is the first time in the modern era of global warming data that
temperatures have blown past the previous record three years in a row.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/science/earth-highest-temperature-record.html?mwrsm=Email
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