[✔️] October 20, 2023- Global Warming News Digest | Wallace-Wells opinion, Deaths and Mortality, Bye fire year in CA, Proactive wildfires, Civ collapse, Energy transition, 2011 Maddow invites Koch

[R.Pauli]

/*October 20*//*, 2023*/

/[ *"Why Are So Many Americans Dying?*" 
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/18/opinion/beyond-deaths-of-despair.html 
NYTimes ]/
*Too many Americans, in almost all groups, are dying*
By David Wallace-Wells
Opinion Writer
October 18, 2023
Since it was first introduced by the economists Anne Case and Angus 
Deaton in 2015, the phrase “deaths of despair” has become a sort of 
spiritual skeleton key that promised to unlock the whole tragic story of 
a new American underclass.

Beginning around the turn of the millennium, Case and Deaton showed, 
deaths from suicide, opioid overdose and alcohol-related liver disease 
among less educated, white, middle-aged people began to grow in a 
pattern that seemed to demonstrate how the country’s white working class 
was being — or at least feeling — left behind. Last month, the 
economists presented their updated data with a new paper showing a 
growing divergence in life expectancy between those with college degrees 
and those without.

But over the past few years, the “deaths of despair” story has come to 
seem thinner to many of those reading the literature most closely. And 
in response to the new findings, pointed critiques were published by 
Dylan Matthews in Vox and by Matthew Yglesias in Slow Boring, arguing 
that the deaths of despair narrative had been overhyped, creating a 
just-so story about postindustrial decline that had seemed too good to 
scrutinize.

Eight years on, the central claim from Case and Deaton holds up 
relatively well: Deaths by suicide, overdose and liver disease have been 
on the rise among the white working class and the middle class. But so 
have gun deaths across the country, deaths among the young and suicides, 
which puts the data on white middle-aged men and women in a different 
light. Among other questions about that data, it turns out that deaths 
of despair increased pretty uniformly across all demographic groups and 
that the rise in such deaths among white middle-aged people was, while 
real and concerning, not all that exceptional.

What does that imply, though? In their critiques, both Yglesias and 
Matthews argue that the data tells a narrower story than Case and Deaton 
do — and that rather than invoking national malaise we should focus on 
the role of opioids among the country’s worst off in the first case, or 
high school dropouts and heart disease in the second.

But it seems to me that the opposite is true: The American mortality 
crisis is much larger than deaths of despair, in fact too broad and 
diffuse to be stuffed into one demographic box or characterized as a 
failure of one policy area. You can see it almost anywhere you care to 
look and any way you slice the data.

Unless they’re in the top 1 percent, Americans are dying at higher rates 
than their British counterparts, and if you’re part of the bottom half 
of income earners, simply being American can cut as much as five years 
off your life expectancy. At every age below 80, Americans are dying 
more often than people in their peer nations: Infant mortality is up to 
three times as high as it is in comparison countries; one in 25 
kindergartners can’t expect to see 40, a rate nearly four times as high 
as in other countries; and Americans between 15 and 24 are twice as 
likely to die as those in France, Germany, Japan and other wealthy 
nations. For every ethnic group but Asian Americans, prepandemic 
mortality rates in the United States were higher than those of economic 
peer countries: In 2019, Black Americans were 3.8 times as likely to die 
as the residents of other wealthy countries, white Americans were 2.5 
times as likely to die, and Hispanic Americans 1.8 times as likely to 
die. Americans with college degrees do substantially better than those 
without, but that second group represents almost two-thirds of the 
country. And while mortality rates show a clear geographic divergence, 
with life expectancy gaps as large as 20 years between the country’s 
richest and poorest places, just a fraction of American counties even 
reach the European Union average.

When looking at American trend lines alone, anomalies like overdose 
spikes or mortality increases among high-school dropouts can jump out, 
and the divergence between, say, those with bachelor’s degrees and those 
without is quite striking. But in comparing the overall health of 
Americans to those in other wealthy countries, almost everyone looks to 
be suffering, and even those remarkable anomalies turn out to be quite 
small, contributing only somewhat trivially to the widening gap between 
how many Americans are dying each year and how many of our peers 
elsewhere are.

Overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids, for instance, have grown 
from less than 10,000 in 2015 to 70,000 in 2021. Add heroin and other 
overdoses and the total grows to more than 100,000 — a public health 
horror story, and a much graver problem than in any of our peer 
countries. But that barely explains a fraction of the exceptional 
American mortality pattern identified by the researchers Jacob Bor and 
Andrew Stokes, who found that a million more Americans died each year 
than would have if the country’s overall mortality rates matched those 
of peer countries in Europe.

Those million extra deaths exceed even the nearly 700,000 who die each 
year from cardiovascular disease, the country’s biggest killer. But of 
course many residents of other rich countries die from it, too. And 
though, as Matthews emphasizes, American progress against heart disease 
has stalled in recent years, the gap between our cardiovascular 
mortality and those of our peers turns out to be relatively small, 
accounting for just another fraction of Bor and Stokes’s “missing 
Americans.” Which tells you something about how large that number of 
extra deaths really is: If American mortality rates simply matched those 
of peers overall, the country’s total number of deaths would have fallen 
22 percent on the eve of the pandemic in 2019. In 2021, the researchers 
found, extra mortality accounted for nearly one in every three American 
deaths.

“The United States is failing at a fundamental mission — keeping people 
alive,” The Washington Post recently concluded, in a remarkable series 
on the country’s mortality crisis. “This erosion in life spans is deeper 
and broader than widely recognized, afflicting a far-reaching swath of 
the United States.” In a quarter of American counties, The Post found, 
death rates among working-age adults are not just failing to improve but 
are also higher than they were 40 years ago. “The trail of death is so 
prevalent that a person could go from Virginia to Louisiana, and then up 
to Kansas, by traveling entirely within counties where death rates are 
higher than they were when Jimmy Carter was president.” If death rates 
just among the country’s 55-to-69-year-olds improved to match the rates 
of peer countries, The Post calculated, 200,000 fewer of them would have 
died in 2019. That is more than the number of them who died of Covid in 
2020.

There are a few things that Americans do as well or better than other 
countries (cancer treatment, where outcomes have been steadily improving 
now for decades, and keeping old people alive), so chances that a 
75-year-old makes it to 90 or 100 are about the same as in other wealthy 
countries — though that stat is somewhat distorted by the fact that many 
fewer Americans make it to 60 in the first place, with those who do 
likelier in better health.

But by almost every other measure the United States is lagging its 
peers, often catastrophically. The rate of homicides involving a firearm 
are 22 times higher in the United States as in the European Union, for 
instance, a worsening trend that has given rise to research suggesting 
that the country’s mortality crisis is primarily about gun violence. 
Another set of researchers emphasize exceptional mortality rates among 
the young, with rates of death among American children growing more than 
15 percent between just 2019 and 2021, with little of that increase 
attributable to Covid. Americans also die much more often in car 
crashes, workplace accidents and fires. Our maternal mortality rate is 
more than three times as high as that of other wealthy countries, and 
our newborns have the highest infant mortality rate in the rich world. 
We are almost twice as likely to suffer from obesity as are our 
counterparts in countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation 
and Development, and the downstream consequences — from hypertension to 
heart disease and stroke — mean that obesity could explain more than 40 
percent of the U.S. life expectancy shortfall for women, and over 60 
percent for men. The life expectancy among America’s poorest men may be 
20 years shorter than that of their counterparts in the Netherlands and 
Sweden. Overall, among 18 high-income countries, America’s life 
expectancy ranks dead last.

It’s not quite right to call all this simply “despair,” even if social 
anomie plays a role. Doing so places too much weight on the suffering of 
individuals and not enough on what epidemiologists call the social and 
environmental determinants of health: community support, education and, 
perhaps most important, health care access. (Since 2015, Case and Deaton 
have acknowledged these factors; their 2020 book on the subject 
emphasizes health care inequalities, and Deaton’s new book “Economics in 
America” focuses squarely on inequality.)

But the bigger problem seems to me to be that talking narrowly about 
despair localizes the American mortality dysfunction in a small 
demographic, when almost the entire country is dying at alarming rates. 
The burden does not fall equally, and the disparities matter. But 
looking globally, our mortality crisis appears, effectively, national.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/18/opinion/beyond-deaths-of-despair.html?unlocked_article_code=1.4Ew.cZP2.Je4kvzRC9P2J&smid=url-share/[ 
see NYT site for links to sources ]/

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/18/opinion/beyond-deaths-of-despair.html

- -

/[ perhaps unfair to compare with over-simplified data from CDC National 
Center for Health Statistics ]/
*Deaths and Mortality*
Data are for the U.S.

Number of deaths: 3,464,231
Death rate: 1,043.8 deaths per 100,000 population
Source: National Vital Statistics System – Mortality Data (2021) via CDC 
WONDER

Life expectancy: 76.4 years
Infant Mortality rate: 5.44 deaths per 1,000 live births
Source: Mortality in the United States, 2021, data tables for figures 1, 5

Number of deaths for leading causes of death:
Heart disease: 695,547
Cancer: 605,213
COVID-19: 416,893
Accidents (unintentional injuries): 224,935
Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 162,890
Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 142,342
Alzheimer’s disease: 119,399
Diabetes: 103,294
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: 56,585
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 54,358
Source: Mortality in the United States, 2021, data table for figure 4
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm

/*
*/

/*
*/

/[ In sports this would be a bye year ]/
*California this year got off easy — SO FAR*
Kelly Andersson
October 16, 2023
The acreage burned to date in California is less than a third of the 
state’s 5-year average, according to Cal Fire, and experts attribute the 
lower numbers to the historic winter storms and a record snowpack in the 
Pacific Southwest. But those “atmospheric river” storms resulted in huge 
fuels growth that could, with gusty autumn winds, mean wildfires into 
November or even December.
“Now is not the time for people to let their guard down,”...
https://wildfiretoday.com/2023/10/16/california-this-year-got-off-easy-so-far/

- -

/[ Yikes! - You mean Congress can help? ]/
*U.S. must shift from ‘reactive to proactive’ to manage wildfire crisis*
Hunter Bassler
October 17, 2023
The U.S. faces a wildfire crisis that costs the federal government $2.5 
billion a year — a crisis that a recent report [PDF] concluded the feds 
can’t face alone.

President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law in 2021 created the 
federal Wildland Fire Mitigation and Management Commission and charged 
it with recommending improvements to federal agencies’ management of 
wildfire across the landscape. The commission was tasked with creating 
new policy recommendations to address the wildfire crisis.
- -
“The Commission urges Congress to take swift action [ what!? Congress? ] 
to advance the holistic solutions needed to reduce the risk of wildfire 
to the nation,” the report says. “Only through comprehensive action can 
we hope to prepare for the wildfires of today and, critically, the 
wildfires of tomorrow.”

The commission listed 148 recommended changes in its report, which 
focused on eight points:

      * Shift focus from fire response to pre-fire planning and risk
        mitigation
      * Treat the wildfire crisis as a public health crisis
      * Unify local and federal resources
      * Improve community and ecosystem resilience in post-fire areas
      * Increase pay and hiring for wildland firefighters
      * Update the fire management system with current technology
      * Significantly increase investments to reduce long-term costs and
        risks
      * Enhance work across jurisdictions

The suggestions were similar to another report released in September by 
the National Interagency Hotshot Crew Steering Committee, which also 
recommended that Congress increase investment in wildland firefighters 
along with hiring and pay.
https://wildfiretoday.com/2023/10/17/u-s-must-shift-from-reactive-to-proactive-to-manage-wildfire-crisis/

/- -
/

/[ video with Paul Beckwith reads an overview of a harsh reality -- but 
he added one ]/
*11 Reasons Our Civilization Will Soon Collapse*
Paul Beckwith
Oct 17, 2023
An excellent article came out recently, explaining 10 reasons why our 
civilization will soon collapse; here is the link: 
https://www.okdoomer.io/10-reasons-our-civilization-will-soon-collapse/

Since this article is so well written, well referenced, and hard hitting 
I felt that it was very important to do a detailed video on it.

Given the total destruction of a hospital in the Gaza Strip today with 
the loss of over 500 human lives, almost certainly by a U.S. built JDAM 
1000 pound bomb dropped intentionally from an Israeli warplane, I have 
added an additional reason to the ten in the article.

Given the events of the day, we appear to be marching closer to global 
catastrophe and civilization collapse, and it is hard to argue that we 
don’t deserve it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXrY4ESpIII

- -

/[ text - this is a difficult opinion -- but all of it seems to be 
scientifically correct ]/
*10 Reasons Our Civilization Will Soon Collapse*
A deep dive into the problems world leaders have let spiral out of control.
Alan Urban
OCTOBER 15 2023
That’s right. Our entire global industrial civilization is going to 
collapse. And soon, which means within the lifetimes of most people 
alive today.

I realize this is quite the claim, and a pretty terrifying one if you’re 
under 50 or so. In this article, I will list 10 problems the world is 
facing, each of which could cause the collapse of civilization all on 
its own. Which means, if even one of these problems isn’t solved, our 
civilization is doomed.

Before I continue, let me explain what I mean by “collapse.” First of 
all, it doesn’t necessarily mean that humans will go extinct. While that 
is certainly a plausible scenario given the many existential threats we 
are facing, I still believe it is unlikely. Small groups of humans 
survived in very difficult conditions for tens of thousands of years.

By collapse, I mean a breakdown of social institutions like governments 
and economies, followed by a dramatic decline in the human population. I 
realize that’s still kind of vague, so here’s a more specific definition 
I found in the book, How Everything Can Collapse.

It says, “A collapse is the process at the end of which basic needs 
(water, food, housing, clothing, energy, etc.) can no longer be provided 
[at a reasonable cost] to a majority of the population by services under 
legal supervision.”
As society breaks down, life will get simpler and simpler. By the late 
21st century, people will be living the way they did in the early 19th 
century.
How do I know this? Let’s start with humanity’s biggest problem. No, 
it’s not climate change. It’s something most people have never even 
heard of...
*1. Overshoot*
Although I’ve listed overshoot as just one of the many problems humanity 
is facing, I could argue that it’s the only problem we’re facing because 
every other problem on this list is the result of overshoot...
- -
*2. The End of Cheap Fossil Fuels...*
The first and most obvious use for fossil fuels such as oil is to make 
gasoline and diesel for our vehicles. Without those, our civilization 
would completely collapse because truckers need diesel to get food and 
supplies to the stores. Not to mention the fact that most people in the 
developed world need gasoline to get to their jobs.
- -
*3. The Failure of Green Energy...*
This is the sad irony of the so-called green energy revolution: If we 
stop using fossil fuels, we’ll see a collapse in the production of 
renewables. And really, they shouldn’t even be called renewables because 
wind and solar farms have to be rebuilt every 20-30 years. They should 
be called rebuildables.
- -
*4. Dwindling Resources*
Rubber..., Sand..., Fertilizer...
- -
*5. Topsoil Erosion*
...once topsoil erodes away, the land it was on becomes unproductive. 
This is why the loss of our topsoil is one of humanity’s biggest problems.
- -
*6. Water Shortages*
...cities and states begin fighting each other for water rights, to the 
point where water mafias emerge and decide who gets water and who 
doesn’t. Neighboring countries that rely on the same mountains and 
rivers for water go to war with each other.
This is the future we’re heading for if something isn’t done about the 
global water shortage. In fact, this is what life is already like in 
many parts of the world, especially India...
- -
*7. Climate Change*
Part of the problem is that scientists and the media have done a 
terrible job explaining climate change to the public...
The increasing number and severity of natural disasters will eventually 
cause simultaneous breadbasket failures around the world, and the 
subsequent food shortages will lead to global famine and the breakdown 
of society.
- -
*8. Biodiversity Loss...*
We are living through our planet’s sixth mass extinction event. The last 
one occurred about 65 million years ago and was the result of an 
asteroid. It was so destructive that it caused the dinosaurs, which had 
been around for 165 million years, to go extinct. Now we are in another 
mass extinction event, but this one is being caused by us....
- -
*9. Migrant Crisis...*
The Syrian refugee crisis is considered the largest refugee crisis of 
modern times, and it has caused chaos and tension all across Europe. 
This happened because of a mere 7 million people leaving the Middle East 
and heading North.

The climate crisis is expected to produce up to 1.5 billion migrants by 
2050. Even if only half of them leave their home countries, it will be a 
refugee crisis 100 times worse than the one that has happened across 
Syria and Europe over the past decade...
- -
*10. Increasing Conflict...*
As I write this, Russia and NATO are in a dangerous proxy war in 
Ukraine. The reasons for this are extremely complicated, but one of the 
major causes is dwindling resources.
- -
*Conclusion*
For decades, it’s been obvious that our global industrial civilization 
has an expiration date, but only recently have many scientists come to 
realize that the expiration date could be during their own lifetimes.

Fifty years ago, humans overshot the carrying capacity of the planet. 
Since then, we have been exploiting the Earth’s resources faster and 
faster, stealing from future generations. Our civilization wouldn’t even 
exist without fossil fuels, but we are rapidly running out of them. And 
it appears green energy won’t be able to replace them as there aren’t 
enough metals in the ground.

Even if we had unlimited clean energy, we would still run out of crucial 
resources like rubber, sand, groundwater, and the ingredients for 
fertilizer. As the world’s topsoil erodes, it will get harder and harder 
to grow enough food for everybody.

Eventually, we might not be able to grow food at all. Water shortages 
are already becoming a major problem, and this is just the beginning. 
Climate change is drying up the rivers, burning down the forests, and 
causing disasters the likes of which we’ve never seen.

Meanwhile, life of all types—from tiny plants to giant mammals—are going 
extinct even faster than they did during previous mass extinction 
events. As the web of life falls apart, human societies will become 
impossible to maintain.

All this chaos will lead to the worst migration crisis in the history of 
the world. The political tension and fights over resources could very 
well lead to nuclear annihilation. But things are so bad that even 
without nuclear war, we could still see human extinction by the end of 
this century.

Believe it or not, there’s a lot more bad news that I didn’t cover in 
this post. I barely touched on climate tipping points, and I could have 
written about our crumbling infrastructure, the millions dying from 
pollution, the increasing risk of deadly pandemics, and much more, but 
this article is already far longer than I originally intended.

It doesn’t please me to share this information. Personally, I am 
terrified. Not just for myself, but for my two young children who I had 
before I knew all this. I apologize if I have frightened you.

People have asked me, “If we’re all doomed anyway, then what’s the point 
of scaring people? Why not just let them live their lives?” It’s a fair 
question. My answer is that the more people know about our predicament 
and start preparing for what’s coming, the greater chance humanity has 
of surviving this century and creating sustainable societies in the 
distant future.

I don’t know if that’s even possible. Perhaps we will pass so many 
climate tipping points that temperatures will rise high enough to snuff 
out life across the entire planet.

Or perhaps after the population declines and the planet warms, new 
societies will spring up in places like Greenland and Antarctica. They 
won’t be societies that use fossil fuels, so they will likely be much 
simpler and more connected to the Earth. Maybe these societies will 
learn from our mistakes and take better care of nature—and each other.

If there’s any chance that a future like that is possible, then we 
should do everything we can to make it happen. The first step is to 
inform people about what’s happening, and the second step is to help 
them prepare. Those are the twin goals of this site.
https://www.okdoomer.io/10-reasons-our-civilization-will-soon-collapse/



/[  OK here's a fresh new try out  ....]/
*Major U.S. science group lays out a path to smooth the energy transition*
October 17, 2023
By Alejandra Borunda
It's no big mystery: to slow down human-driven climate change, the U.S. 
and other countries need to cut carbon emissions fast and thoroughly. 
The Biden administration has set the goal of hitting 'net zero' carbon 
emissions by 2050. That means bringing most fossil fuel burning to a 
near halt by then.

Major climate-focused laws passed in 2021 and 2022, like the Inflation 
Reduction Act, have put the country on a solid theoretical pathway 
toward hitting that goal, says a new report from the National Academies 
of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM)–but, it warns, the efforts 
are still nascent and fragile...

The two dozen engineers, scientists, medical specialists, and policy 
experts who authored the report developed a series of recommendations 
for how to take that theoretical pathway into concrete actions.

One of the most pressing issues on the wishlist? A concerted effort to 
ensure that the energy transition helps those most directly affected by 
climate change. The report's authors say that effort also must address 
and remedy historical harms. For example, redlining policies from the 
1930s still today leave many Black and brown communities bereft of trees 
and shade, which drives temperatures 5, 10, or 15 degrees higher. 
Similar policies have led to health-damaging infrastructure, like fossil 
fuel plants or highways, more often ending up in poor communities and 
communities of color.

"This is the first time that the National Academy of Sciences have 
devoted so much time and focus on energy justice and equity," says 
Michael Mendez, a sociologist at the University of California, Irvine, 
and an author of the report.

The NASEM report is the second in a two-part series. The first, released 
in 2021, laid out a broad menu of policies that would result in major 
cuts to the country's fossil fuel emissions. Many of those 
recommendations became centerpieces of major climate-focused laws like 
the Inflation Reduction Act in 2022 and 2021's Bipartisan Infrastructure 
Law in 2021. Recent climate policy efforts, taken together, have the 
potential to cut America's emissions by as much as 80% by 2030 if fully 
implemented, according to several independent analyses...
- -
"A lot of what [the first report] recommended got adopted in spectacular 
legislation," says Stephen Pacala, the report's lead author and an 
ecologist at Princeton University. "So our second report is very much in 
reaction now to [these] comprehensive pieces of legislation," he says.

Equity isn't an afterthought

Figuring out how to put equity at the center of climate policy isn't 
just a question of ethics, says Patricia Romero-Lankao, an energy 
sociologist now at the University of Toronto and a report author. Equity 
is also a critical practical tool. The NASEM report stresses that many 
of the technological strategies needed to transition the country away 
from fossil fuel dependency exist, yet other factors slow the transition 
down.

"The transition is not only technical but social, and political, and 
institutional," says Romero-Lankao.

Renewable energy costs, for example, have become more competitive to 
fossil fuels helping to spur the transition along on its own. Within the 
last decade the cost of utility-scale solar projects dropped by roughly 
90%, while the cost of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles has 
fallen by more than 80%, according to the Department of Energy.

People's choices matter. If communities don't want a solar farm in their 
city limits, or if they don't want electric car charging stations taking 
up parking spots, those technologies won't spread as fast as they need to.

Often, Romero-Lankao says, the message she has heard from 
technologically focused scientists and planners is that "we cannot 
wait–the transition needs to happen like yesterday." The sociologists, 
she says, will agree, "but you better wait and listen and work with 
communities–because if you don't do it, you will get a lot of pushback 
from it." That means projects can slow or even stop completely.

Shortly after President Biden took office he signed an executive order 
that included a mandate, the Justice40 Initiative, to direct 40% of the 
investments from major climate policy toward historically disadvantaged 
communities. The NASEM report suggests that order gets codified into law 
so it will remain a long-term, robust part of future decision-making...
- -
Christopher Tessum is an air pollution expert at the University of 
Illinois Urbana-Champaign who wasn't involved in the report. "This is a 
major technological transition we have to undertake," he says–and it 
needs to happen faster than any previously undertaken. "In the past [the 
transitions] have not happened equitably. There are clear winners and 
losers. For this one to succeed, because we need buy-in from everyone, 
we really need it to be equitable."

There's more to be done

The report highlights a major gap in the current policy landscape: how 
to track successes and failures of new climate policy. No comprehensive, 
centralized clearinghouse–or agreed-upon way–to keep track of how the 
vast investments in climate policy are working, exists. That's an 
opportunity for problems, the report stresses.

On a practical and technical level, the existing laws don't go far 
enough to push buildings and heavy industry toward fossil-fuel-free 
futures, the report says. It points out that buildings alone account for 
about 35% of carbon emissions in the U.S.

"For whatever reason, the current policies don't go as far as they need 
to go," says Pacala. "We have identified 10 different things that could 
be done to get billion metric tons per year of cuts to carbon emissions 
from buildings," he says. That includes everything from investing in 
programs like the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program to 
strengthening and clarifying building codes to prioritize electrification.

The last few years have seen an incredible increase in government-driven 
climate action, says Pacala. But "the stakes couldn't be higher. We have 
one shot at this," he says. "We need to implement what we now have [in 
plans]. We are only going to do that if we are relentless."
https://www.npr.org/2023/10/17/1205592486/major-u-s-science-group-lays-out-a-path-to-smooth-the-energy-transtion#:~:text=Major%20U.S,Alejandra%20Borunda


/[ The news archive - looking back at the calling out of dark, secret 
disinformation battalions ]/
/*October 20, 2011*/
October 20, 2011: MSNBC host Rachel Maddow challenges Charles and David 
Koch to come on to her show after repeated rhetorical attacks on the 
program by Koch operatives. The challenge is never accepted.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uh8O7tZ2GD4



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