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    <font size="+1"><i>Forward this email to voters and candidates and
        stay well-informed about global warming  August 22, 2016</i></font><br>
    <a target="_blank" class="article
      usg-AFQjCNEEA6sehQFBnsiUCcygR4ihU0_Pfg sig2-pABOdf5I0T-YsiVv9TeI8A
      did--2914277520464585887"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/21/farewell-to-ice-peter-wadhams-review-climate-change"
url="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/aug/21/farewell-to-ice-peter-wadhams-review-climate-change"
      id="MAA4AEgSUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
      text-decoration: none;"><span class="titletext"
        style="font-weight: bold;">A Farewell to Ice by Peter Wadhams
        review –<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
          style="font-weight: bold;">climate change</b><span
          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>writ large</span></a>
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              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 0px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="al-attribution-source"
                style="white-space: nowrap;">The Guardian</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell timestamp-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="dash-separator"
                style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 13px; color:
                rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎20 hours ago‎</span></td>
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                inline-block; margin-bottom: -4px; margin-left: 8px;"
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                      visibility: visible;"><br>
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                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
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                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
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    <div class="esc-lead-snippet-wrapper" style="line-height: 1.2em;
      padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,
      sans-serif; font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal;
      font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
      font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);"><b style="font-weight: normal;"><b>"</b>Our planet has
        changed colour. Today, from space, the top of the world in the
        northern summer looks blue instead of white. We have created an
        ocean where there was once an ice sheet. It is Man<b>'</b>s
        first major achievement in reshaping the face of his planet,”
        Wadhams writes....<b>Polar ice is thinning and retreating with
          unprecedented speed</b>. All our ingenuity cannot, at present,
        change that. Because ice only grows in winter but can melt
        year-round, its growth rate is limited, while melt rate is
        unlimited.</b>....Wadhams outlines how<b> CO2 emissions are
        smashing the system</b>, spinning the thermostat to hot. Without
      the albedo effect of ice – by which it reflects solar radiation up
      to 10 times more effectively than open water – we have entered a
      negative feedback loop....Wadhams puts this plainly."There is no
      period in Earth's history where the rate of rise of atmospheric
      CO2 is as great as it is today.” The asteroid that finished the
      dinosaurs blasted 4.5 gigatonnes of carbon into the atmosp"here,
      yet the CO2 rate rise [in the aftermath] was still an order of
      magnitude lower than the current rate”...<b>The ice he worries
        about most covers Arctic seabeds – permafrost from the last ice
        age. Losing this will release huge methane plumes. Methane is 23
        times more effective in raising global temperature than is CO2.
        Wadhams and colleagues have modelled the consequences using
        different dates for methane release.</b>.</div>
    <!--EndFragment--><br>
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      normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
      letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.472px; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">
      <h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><a
          target="_blank" class="article
          usg-AFQjCNGafrIBo5dvYLGIuZgqYjRStsctTg
          sig2-gxr835xuIi9_tSvwWOHIgA did--4904801729285190191"
href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6fcf1090-67b7-11e6-a0b1-d87a9fea034f.html"
url="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6fcf1090-67b7-11e6-a0b1-d87a9fea034f.html"
          id="MAA4AEgJUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
          text-decoration: none;"><span class="titletext"
            style="font-weight: bold;">Law firm calls out Soco and Cairn
            over<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
              style="font-weight: bold;">climate</b><span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>risk reporting</span></a></h2>
    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-article-source-wrapper" style="margin: 2px 32px
      2px 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
      normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
      letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.472px; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">
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        rgb(153, 153, 153);" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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            <td class="al-attribution-cell source-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 0px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="al-attribution-source"
                style="white-space: nowrap;">Financial Times</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell timestamp-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="dash-separator"
                style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 13px; color:
                rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎3 hours ago‎</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell sharebar-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;">
              <table id="0-sharebar" class="share-bar-table yesscript"
                style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 0; font-family:
                arial, sans-serif; table-layout: fixed; display:
                inline-block; margin-bottom: -4px; margin-left: 8px;"
                cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell sharebox-cell"
                      style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 1px;
                      cursor: pointer; width: 17px; height: 16px;
                      visibility: visible;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
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            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-snippet-wrapper" style="line-height: 1.2em;
      padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,
      sans-serif; font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal;
      font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
      font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">Oil explorers Soco International and Cairn Energy have been
      reported to UK regulators for allegedly failing to tell investors
      enough about the risks that<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
        style="font-weight: normal;">climate change</b><span
        class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>poses to their businesses.
      ... The complaint from ClientEarth environmental law<span
        class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></div>
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      normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
      letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.472px; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">
      <h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><a
          target="_blank" class="article
          usg-AFQjCNH4Y4AMcQ1c_1ZcEh0DLrM43X-cwA
          sig2-zsSc-j513swOV19M2Scviw did--2293515516656163038"
href="https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/western-fires-may-sicken-more-people-as-climate-warms/"
url="https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/western-fires-may-sicken-more-people-as-climate-warms/"
          id="MAA4AEgDUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
          text-decoration: none;"><span class="titletext"
            style="font-weight: bold;">Western Fires May Sicken More
            People As<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
              style="font-weight: bold;">Climate</b><span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Warms</span></a></h2>
    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-article-source-wrapper" style="margin: 2px 32px
      2px 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
      normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
      letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.472px; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
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      255);">
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        11px; line-height: 13px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; color:
        rgb(153, 153, 153);" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
        <tbody>
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            <td class="al-attribution-cell source-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 0px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="al-attribution-source"
                style="white-space: nowrap;">KQED</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell timestamp-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="dash-separator"
                style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 13px; color:
                rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎12 hours ago‎</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell sharebar-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;">
              <table id="52779185627997-sharebar" class="share-bar-table
                yesscript" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 0;
                font-family: arial, sans-serif; table-layout: fixed;
                display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -4px; margin-left:
                8px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
                <tbody>
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                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
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                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
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    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-snippet-wrapper" style="line-height: 1.2em;
      padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,
      sans-serif; font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal;
      font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
      font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">Members of a Los Angeles Fire Department Strike Team read
      smoke behavior as they prepare to strategically reengage the Blue
      Cut<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
        style="font-weight: normal;">wildfire</b>, which began on August
      16, 2016 in the Cajon Pass area of the San Bernardino National
      Forest.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
        style="font-weight: normal;">...</b></div>
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    <!--StartFragment-->
    <div class="esc-lead-article-title-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 32px
      1px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
      normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
      letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.472px; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">
      <h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><a
          target="_blank" class="article
          usg-AFQjCNHnhs_DCJdZerkoZCbzqfWtmwWz6w
          sig2-hQ3VZDbcMwGTusPTsNvZ1Q did-4864872590836173427"
href="http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Lower-Lake-Calif-Residents-Staggered-by-Lake-Countys-Endless-Bout-With-Wildfire.html"
url="http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Lower-Lake-Calif-Residents-Staggered-by-Lake-Countys-Endless-Bout-With-Wildfire.html"
          id="MAA4AEgRUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
          text-decoration: none;"><span class="titletext"
            style="font-weight: bold;">Lower Lake, Calif., Residents
            Staggered by Lake County's Endless Bout With<span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
              style="font-weight: bold;">Wildfire</b></span></a></h2>
    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-article-source-wrapper" style="margin: 2px 32px
      2px 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
      font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
      normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
      letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 17.472px; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">
      <table class="al-attribution single-line-height" style="font-size:
        11px; line-height: 13px; font-family: arial, sans-serif; color:
        rgb(153, 153, 153);" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell source-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 0px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="al-attribution-source"
                style="white-space: nowrap;">Emergency Management</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell timestamp-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="dash-separator"
                style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 13px; color:
                rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎8 hours ago‎</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell sharebar-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;">
              <table id="52779184938256-sharebar" class="share-bar-table
                yesscript" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 0;
                font-family: arial, sans-serif; table-layout: fixed;
                display: inline-block; margin-bottom: -4px; margin-left:
                8px;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell sharebox-cell"
                      style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px 1px;
                      cursor: pointer; width: 17px; height: 16px;
                      visibility: visible;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                    <td class="share-bar-cell" style="vertical-align:
                      middle; padding: 0px 1px; cursor: pointer; width:
                      17px; height: 16px; visibility: hidden;"><br>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-snippet-wrapper" style="line-height: 1.2em;
      padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,
      sans-serif; font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal;
      font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
      font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
      white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">Richard Woita, front, and Amanda Waller, back, embrace
      during a press conference where it is announced that a California
      man was arrested Monday on arson charges for allegedly sparking a<span
        class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="font-weight:
        normal;">wildfire</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in
      Lower Lake that exploded over the weekend, ...</div>
    <!--EndFragment--><br>
                 ========================  ####
    =============================== <br>
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        sources by Richard Pauli</small><small> for   <a
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