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    <font size="+1"><i>"The most important issue of all time" -</i></font>
    <font size="+1"><i>Stay well-informed about global warming,  </i></font><font
      size="+1"><i>Forward this email. January 20, 2017. </i></font><font
      size="+1"><i> </i></font><font size="-1">*no click-bait- URLs -
      please report any discrepancy</font>*<br>
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      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html</a></font><br>
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          usg-AFQjCNEP8MFwVlfe9b0HEF3sI-GsSzCgSg
          sig2-w4bLjg-Zu7pk-HmtA3t5dg did-956595481395166093"
href="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html"
url="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html"
          id="MAA4BUgDUABgAWoCdXM"
ping="//news.google.com/news/url?sr=1&ct2=us%2F4_0_s_3_1_a&sa=t&usg=AFQjCNEP8MFwVlfe9b0HEF3sI-GsSzCgSg&cid=52779351771488&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fscience%2Fsciencenow%2Fla-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html&ei=5FuAWNDZEZTlhAHNu5fIDg&sig2=w4bLjg-Zu7pk-HmtA3t5dg&rt=HOMEPAGE&vm=STANDARD&bvm=grid&did=956595481395166093&sid=a985a5a2ee2eddc9&st=3&at=dt0"
          style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); text-decoration: none;"><span
            class="titletext" style="font-weight: bold;">Wildfires,<span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
              style="font-weight: bold;">sea level rise</b>, coral
            bleaching:<b style="font-weight: bold;"> Climate change</b><span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is already here</span></a></h2>
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              display: inline-block; white-space: normal;"><span
                class="al-attribution-source" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">Los Angeles Times</span></td>
            <td class="al-attribution-cell timestamp-cell"
              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              display: inline-block; white-space: normal;"><span
                class="dash-separator" style="font-size: 11px;
                line-height: 13px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎6 hours ago‎</span></td>
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      <blockquote>Although the most severe consequences of this warming
        have yet to come - especially if<span
          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="font-weight:
          normal;">greenhouse gas</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>emissions
        remain at current levels - some of the effects have already been
        felt..Scientists, public health officials and even the Pentagon
        are watching with great concern. Here's a look at some of those
        effects:<br>
        <b>Wildfires in the West are twice as bad</b><br>
         Scientists recently determined that human-caused warming nearly
        doubled the area of land that has burned since the 1980s. That
        amounts to 16,000 additional square miles, or the size of
        Massachusetts and Connecticut combined.<br>
        <b>As the Arctic ice melts, sea levels rise</b><br>
        Melting glaciers and diminishing sea ice have increased the
        amount of water in the oceans, leading sea levels around the
        world to rise by an average of about 6 inches over the last
        century. At the same time, higher temperatures have caused seas
        to expand. By the end of the century, waters could rise by 6
        feet or more, threatening 13.1 million residents of U.S. coastal
        cities with flooding, two studies predict.<br>
        <b>A sea of problems</b><br>
        A warmer ocean is capable of holding more dissolved carbon
        dioxide, which causes the water to become more acidic over time.<br>
        <b>Plants and animals on the move</b><br>
        In response to rising temperatures, thousands of plant and
        animal species have migrated uphill or toward the poles where
        it's still cool enough for them. The result: Species leave their
        ancestral homes, causing local extinctions in those areas.<br>
        <b>Warmer temperatures may be nice for now, but the feeling
          won't las</b>t<br>
        This boils down to warmer winters and milder summers. But by the
        end of the century, that trend will flip. <br>
        <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-global-warming-effects-20170118-story.html</a><br>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
    </div>
    <font color="#666666" size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/19/cat-in-hells-chance-why-losing-battle-keep-global-warming-2c-climate-change">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/19/cat-in-hells-chance-why-losing-battle-keep-global-warming-2c-climate-change</a></font><br>
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      <h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><a
          target="_blank" class="article
          usg-AFQjCNFEABmUV9XdqLbPDiSR7-gbLt8tag
          sig2-lokAWF6fSNDzwFEbElyGfg did-5085036669682122014"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/19/cat-in-hells-chance-why-losing-battle-keep-global-warming-2c-climate-change"
url="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/19/cat-in-hells-chance-why-losing-battle-keep-global-warming-2c-climate-change"
          id="MAA4AEgCUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
          text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
            style="font-weight: bold;"></span></a></h2>
      <h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><a
          target="_blank" class="article
          usg-AFQjCNFEABmUV9XdqLbPDiSR7-gbLt8tag
          sig2-lokAWF6fSNDzwFEbElyGfg did-5085036669682122014"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/19/cat-in-hells-chance-why-losing-battle-keep-global-warming-2c-climate-change"
url="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jan/19/cat-in-hells-chance-why-losing-battle-keep-global-warming-2c-climate-change"
          id="MAA4AEgCUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
          text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
            style="font-weight: bold;">'A cat in hell's chance' – why
            we're losing the battle to keep<span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
              style="font-weight: bold;">global warming</b><span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>below 2C</span></a></h2>
    </div>
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      2px 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
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              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 0px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="al-attribution-source"
                style="white-space: nowrap;">The Guardian</span></td>
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              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="dash-separator"
                style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 13px; color:
                rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎19 hours ago‎</span></td>
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              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;">
              <table id="52779352613951-sharebar" class="share-bar-table
                yesscript" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 0;
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      padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,
      sans-serif; font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal;
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      <blockquote>A global rise in temperature of just 2C would be
        enough to threaten life as we know it. But leading climate
        scientists think even this universally agreed target will be
        missed. Could dramatic action help?...<br>
        The same warming again will intensify and accelerate
        human-driven changes already under way and has been described by
        James Hansen, one of the first scientists to call global
        attention to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
          style="font-weight: normal;">climate change</b>, as a
        “prescription for long-term disaster<span
          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="font-weight:
          normal;">...</b><br>
        <b style="font-weight: normal;">Is it still likely that we will
          stay below even 2C? In the 100 months since August 2008, I
          have been writing a climate-change diary for the Guardian to
          raise questions and monitor progress, or the lack of it, on
          climate action. To see how well we have fared, I asked a
          number of leading climate scientists and analysts for their
          views. The responses were as bracing as a bath in a pool of
          glacial meltwater.....</b><br>
        <span style="font-weight: normal;">Nasa's Goddard Institute for
          Space Studies has an important place in the history of
          climate-change research. Hansen was its director from 1981
          until 2013. Donald Trump is set to strip the institute of
          funding for climate research. Its current director, Dr Gavin
          Schmidt, is categoric that we are no longer likely to stay
          below 2C. “The inertia in the system (oceans, economies,
          technologies, people) is substantial and … so far the efforts
          are not commensurate with the goal,” he says...</span><br>
        <span style="font-weight: normal;">So, adding to the prevailing
          global strangeness, the edifice of international climate
          policy rests on a target that no one believes it is likely can
          be met. And some think even that insufficiently ambitious.
          Yet, among climate scientists, there is a consensus that swift
          action is vital, and with it the target remains, at least,
          possible...</span><br>
        <span style="font-weight: normal;">With the amount of carbon
          burned by humans, we have now created a climate not
          experienced on Earth since the Pliocene era, 2m-5m years ago.
          We are daily rolling the climate dice with the odds stacked
          against us. But we are also clever, quick and innovative when
          we want to be. Now that we understand the game better, the
          question we face is whether we will choose to change it, fast
          and enough, so that we can all have better lives.</span><br>
        <span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></blockquote>
      <b style="font-weight: normal;"><br>
      </b></div>
    <font color="#666666" size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/19/chinas-xi-jinping-says-world-must-implement-paris-climate-deal">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/19/chinas-xi-jinping-says-world-must-implement-paris-climate-deal</a></font><br>
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      <h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
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          target="_blank" class="article
          usg-AFQjCNFiFztA9Y_1NIab2AasnhhNTI5pzw
          sig2-d6oJNnQo6BOVel8yCAmCGw did-7822846062477699347"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/19/chinas-xi-jinping-says-world-must-implement-paris-climate-deal"
url="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/19/chinas-xi-jinping-says-world-must-implement-paris-climate-deal"
          id="MAA4AEgEUABgAWoCdXN6AA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
          text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
            style="font-weight: bold;">China's Xi Jinping says Paris<span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
              style="font-weight: bold;">climate</b><span
              class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>deal must not be
            allowed to fail</span></a></h2>
    </div>
    <div class="esc-lead-article-source-wrapper" style="margin: 2px 32px
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              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 0px;
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                style="white-space: nowrap;">The Guardian</span></td>
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              style="vertical-align: middle; padding-right: 6px;
              white-space: nowrap;"><span class="dash-separator"
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                rgb(153, 153, 153);"> -<span
                  class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span
                class="al-attribution-timestamp" style="white-space:
                nowrap;">‎3 hours ago‎</span></td>
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    <div class="esc-lead-snippet-wrapper" style="line-height: 1.2em;
      padding-left: 1px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial,
      sans-serif; font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal;
      font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
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      text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
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      -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
      255);">
      <blockquote>President says 'we only have one homeland' in a coded
        warning to Donald Trump not to dismantle the agreement<br>
        China will continue to take steps to tackle<span
          class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b style="font-weight:
          normal;">climate change</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and
        fully honor its obligations,” Xi added, according to a
        transcript published by Xinhua, China's official news agency....<br>
        “Industrialisation has created material wealth never seen
        before, but it has also inflicted irreparable damage to the
        environment,” Xi went on. “We must not exhaust all the resources
        passed on to us by previous generations and leave nothing to our
        children or pursue development in a destructive way. Clear
        waters and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and
        silver. We must maintain harmony between man and nature and
        pursue sustainable development.”<br>
        Zhang said Beijing would stick to its climate commitments since
        it understood the importance of cutting deadly air pollution but
        argued China would not want to serve as the world's “sole
        leader” on climate change. <br>
        “We regard ourselves as a developing country and, in addition to
        that, we've got pollution issues and are facing an economic
        slowdown at home,” he said.<br>
        .</blockquote>
    </div>
    <!--EndFragment--><font color="#666666" size="-1"><a
        class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/global-warming/climate-science-bedeviled-by-tipping-points/articleshow/56659419.cms">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/global-warming/climate-science-bedeviled-by-tipping-points/articleshow/56659419.cms</a></font><br>
    <font size="+1"><b><a
href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/global-warming/climate-science-bedeviled-by-tipping-points/articleshow/56659419.cms">Climate
          science bedeviled by 'tipping points'  -  Economic Times</a></b></font><br>
    <blockquote> <font size="-1">Of the many things that keep climate
        scientists awake at night, tipping points may be the scariest.  
        To start with, these thresholds...are largely invisible.   You
        can't see them on the horizon, and ... there is no turning back
        -- at least not on a human timescale. ....enough frozen water to
        lift sea levels more than a dozen metres;... monsoon rains ...
        are at risk of irretrievable disruption.... "There are
        points-of-no-return where ... warming triggers unstoppable
        collapse of glaciers off of Antarctica,...Think of someone
        leaning back on two legs of a chair, ..."We don't know exactly
        when we might pass these points -- or whether we already have
        crossed some of them,"</font><br>
      <font size="-1"> ...Other tipping points could trigger the natural
        release...of...Methane and CO2 locked in the increasingly
        misnamed permafrost of Russia, Canada and northern Europe is
        equivalent to roughly 15 years worth of global emissions from
        fossil fuels at today's levels..."Even if global warming is
        limited to below two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit)"
        -- the red line drawn in the 196-nation Paris climate pact --
        "some important tipping elements may already be harmed or
        transformed,"....But scientists also admit their tools are
        better at measuring steady, linear progressions than sudden
        shifts...."The problem is that there is no perfect analogue to
        what we will experience in the near
future."...http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/global-warming/climate-science-bedeviled-by-tipping-points/articleshow/56659419.cms</font><br>
    </blockquote>
    <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
      href="https://tamino.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/merchants-of-doubt-2/">https://tamino.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/merchants-of-doubt-2/</a><br>
    (videos) Merchants of Doubt - Naomi Oreskes interview   <br>
    <font color="#666666" size="-1"><br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Fine-Art-of-Sniffing-Out/238907">http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Fine-Art-of-Sniffing-Out/238907</a></font><br>
    <b><a
href="http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Fine-Art-of-Sniffing-Out/238907">Chronicle
        of Higher Education: The Fine Art of Sniffing Out Crappy Science</a></b><br>
    <blockquote><font size="-1">Carl T. Bergstrom and Jevin West, a pair
        of scientists at the  University of Washington, think it's time
        to arm students with boots and shovels. They have published the
        outline of a course, titled "Calling Bullshit," which would try
        to teach how to spot bad data and misleading graphs at a time
        when bending statistics has become a popular art form.</font><br>
    </blockquote>
    <font color="#666666" size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="http://callingbullshit.org/syllabus.html">http://callingbullshit.org/syllabus.html</a></font><br>
    <font size="+1"><b><a
          href="http://callingbullshit.org/syllabus.html">(Syllabus)
          Calling Bullshit in the Age of Big Data</a></b></font><br>
    <blockquote><font size="-1">In many of the course lectures we will
        discuss how you can spot bullshit, call bullshit, and avoid
        becoming becoming the victim of bullshit. Here we present a set
        of instructional essays on various aspects of bullshit detection
        and refutation. Many of the examples we draw upon are classic
        examples that others have brought to light in their articles,
        essays, blogs, and other sources.</font><br>
      <font size="-1">Week 1. Introduction to bullshit. What is
        bullshit? Concepts and categories of bullshit. The art, science,
        and moral imperative of calling bullshit. Brandolini's Bullshit
        Asymmetry Principle.</font><br>
      <font size="-1">Week 2. Spotting bullshit. Truth, like liberty,
        requires eternal vigilance. How do you spot bullshit in the
        wild? Effect sizes, dimensions, Fermi estimation, and checks on
        plausibility. Claims and the interests of those who make them.</font><br>
      <font size="-1">Week 3. The natural ecology of bullshit. Where do
        we find bullshit? Why news media provide bullshit. TED talks and
        the marketplace for upscale bullshit. Why social media provide
        ideal conditions for the growth and spread of bullshit.</font><br>
      <font size="-1">Week 4. Causality One common source of bullshit
        data analysis arises when people ignore, deliberately or
        otherwise, the fact that correlation is not causation. The
        consequences can be hilarious, but this confusion can also be
        used to mislead. Regression to the mean pitched as treatment
        effect. Selection masked as transformation.</font><br>
      <font size="-1">Week 5. Statistical traps. Base-rate fallacy /
        prosecutor's fallacy. Simpson's paradox. Data censoring. Will
        Rogers effect, lead-time bias, and length time bias. Means
        versus medians. Importance of higher moments.</font><br>
      <font size="-1">... ...<font color="#666666"><a
            class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
            href="http://callingbullshit.org/syllabus.html">http://callingbullshit.org/syllabus.html</a></font></font><br>
      <font size="-1">Week 11. Fake news.. Fifteen years ago, nascent
        social media platforms offered the promise of a more democratic
        press through decentralized broadcasting and a decoupling of
        publishing from advertising revenue. Instead, we get sectarian
        echo chambers and, lately, a serious assault on the very notion
        of fact. Not only did fake news play a substantive role in the
        November 2016 US elections, but recently a fake news story
        actually provoked nuclear threats issued by twitter.</font><br>
    </blockquote>
    <font color="#666666" size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/science/earth-highest-temperature-record.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/science/earth-highest-temperature-record.html</a></font><br>
    <font size="+1"><b><a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/18/science/earth-highest-temperature-record.html">Earth
          Sets a Temperature Record for the Third Straight Year</a></b></font><br>
    <blockquote> <font size="-1">Marking another milestone for a
        changing planet, scientists reported on Wednesday that the Earth
        reached its highest temperature on record in 2016, trouncing a
        record set only a year earlier, which beat one set in 2014. It
        is the first time in the modern era of global warming data that
        temperatures have blown past the previous record three years in
        a row...</font><br>
      <font size="-1">The findings come two days before the inauguration
        of an American president who has called global warming a Chinese
        plot and vowed to roll back his predecessor's efforts to cut
        emissions of heat-trapping gases...</font><br>
      <font size="-1">In reality, the Earth is heating up, a point long
        beyond serious scientific dispute, but one becoming more evident
        as the records keep falling. Temperatures are heading toward
        levels that many experts believe will pose a profound threat to
        both the natural world and to human civilization...</font><br>
      <font size="-1">In 2015 and 2016, the planetary warming was
        intensified by the weather pattern known as El Niño, in which
        the Pacific Ocean released a huge burst of energy and water
        vapor into the atmosphere. But the bigger factor in setting the
        records was the long-term trend of rising temperatures, which
        scientists say is being driven by increasing levels of carbon
        dioxide and other greenhouse gases.</font><br>
    </blockquote>
    <font color="#666666" size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOibBy290cM&t=76s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOibBy290cM&t=76s</a></font><br>
    <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOibBy290cM&t=76s">(video)
        A Message to Trump from Climate Scientists</a></b><br>
    <blockquote><font size="-1">Before the AGU meeting I read John
        Abraham's article 'Trump begins filling environmental posts with
        clowns' in which he made the following point:</font><br>
      <font size="-1">"Or Trump could attend the world's largest
        geophysics meeting, which occurs in just a few weeks (American
        Geophysical Union Fall Meeting). He could walk around with a TV
        camera and a clipboard. Ask any random 10 scientists any
        question on climate change. Let's see how their answers compare
        to the information he is going to get from his handpicked
        insiders."  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/nov/17/trump-begins-filling-environmental-posts-with-clowns">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/nov/17/trump-begins-filling-environmental-posts-with-clowns</a></font><br>
      <font size="-1">Trump most likely would never do this. Nor can I
        possibly know what kind of questions he would ask if he did
        visit the AGU Fall Meeting. But I can ask scientists what their
        message to Trump would be if they had a chance to speak to him.
        That one paragraph from Abraham's article inspired me to do just
        that. During the Fall Meeting I asked several scientists what
        their message would be and compiled their responses into this
        video.   <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
          href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOibBy290cM&t=76s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOibBy290cM&t=76s</a></font><br>
    </blockquote>
    <!--StartFragment--><font size="+1"><b><a
          href="http://youtu.be/2SWjIPwm954">This Day in Climate
          History  January 20, 1993 (video) </a> -  from D.R. Tucker<br>
      </b></font>
    <blockquote><font size="+1"><b> </b></font>January 20, 1993: In his
      first inaugural address, President Clinton declares: "To renew
      America, we must meet challenges abroad as well as at home. There
      is no longer a clear division between what is foreign and what is
      domestic. The world economy, the world environment, the world AIDS
      crisis, the world arms race: they affect us all."  <br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/2SWjIPwm954">http://youtu.be/2SWjIPwm954</a><br>
    </blockquote>
    <font size="+1"><b> </b></font>                   
    =======================  #### ===========================<br>
    <blockquote>
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