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<font size="+1"><i>May 31, 2017<br>
<br>
</i></font>
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<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 18px;
line-height: 21px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight:
bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNGq1v24_ao4hnyX5HmVVPo6R1QVtQ
sig2-Z6f8-aitBuhE8-fp5UUJFw did-229628204869251578"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/another-deadly-consequence-of-climate-change-the-spread-of-dangerous-diseases/2017/05/30/fd3b8504-34b1-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html"
id="MAA4DEgAUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;">Another deadly consequence of
climate change: The spread of dangerous diseases</span></a></h2>
</div>
With President Trump's decision on U.S. participation in the Paris
climate accords expected in the next few days, there has been
widespread discussion of the many consequences that climate change
will have for us and our children, including extreme weather events,
displacement of people, submergence of lands and devastation to our
oceans. But one of the most potentially deadly effects has been far
less discussed: an increase in the spread of dangerous epidemics and
the risk of a global pandemic.<br>
As the Earth<font size="+1"><i>'</i></font>s climate alters, we are
seeing changes in where and how humans live; these changes increase
the risk that deadly diseases will emerge and spread more rapidly.
While the interactions between climate change and disease are hard
to predict with certainty, the scientific linkages are unmistakable.
If we fail to integrate planning for the impact of climate change
with planning for the prevention and management of pandemic disease,
the consequences will be <font size="-1" color="#666666">deadly.https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/another-deadly-consequence-of-climate-change-the-spread-of-dangerous-diseases/2017/05/30/fd3b8504-34b1-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html</font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/paris_agreement_by_state/">Majorities
of Americans in Every State Support Participation in the Paris
Agreement</a></b></font><br>
22 Republican Senators sent a letter to President Donald Trump
urging him to pull the United States out of the Paris Climate
Agreement. Withdrawal from the Agreement would place the U.S. with
Syria and Nicaragua as the only U.N. Framework countries to oppose
it.<br>
Our research shows that a majority of Americans in all 50 states
support U.S. participation in the Paris Agreement. This includes the
15 states whose Senators urged President Trump to reject the
agreement.<br>
Using methods developed for the <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us-2016/">Yale
Climate Opinion Maps,</a> we find that a majority of Americans in
every state say that the United States should participate in the
Paris Climate Agreement.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/paris_agreement_by_state/">http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/paris_agreement_by_state/</a><br>
Opinion maps: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us-2016/">http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us-2016/</a><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/the-ghost-of-climate-change-future/528471/">The
Ghost of Climate-Change Future</a></b></font><br>
As record-breaking high tides overwhelm Hawaii, people are getting a
preview of what life will be like in the decades to come.<br>
For the second time in a month, Hawaii's coastlines have been
swamped by epic tides. The phenomenon, known as a king tide, is
actually a convergence of a few different factors: high lunar tides,
rising sea levels associated with last year's strong El Niño and
climate change, swirling pockets of ocean eddies, and a robust south
swell - that is, big waves rolling onto south-facing shores.<br>
King tides happen routinely in the Hawaiian Islands - a few times a
year, usually - but this year's batch have been particularly
extreme. Data from federal tide stations around Hawaii show that
water levels have been up to six inches above predicted tidal
heights since early last year. In April, levels peaked at more than
nine inches above predicted tides and broke the record high for any
water level around Hawaii since 1905. Scientists say the record is
likely to be broken again in 2017.<br>
Several Honolulu roadways have been submerged. Beaches have been
washed out. Beachfront hotels have canceled shorefront entertainment
and readied generators. Property owners living near the coasts were
told to move electronics and other valuables up to the second floor
of their houses and park their cars elsewhere. People photographed
fish swimming down the streets. And all around the islands, small
mountains of sand have been deposited in parking lots and other
strange places - spots the waves should never reach...<br>
Hawaii officials are already in the process of developing statewide
maps to predict and track Hawaii's most vulnerable areas for erosion
and flooding, outlining how climate change will alter the Islands in
2030, 2050, 2075, and 2100.<br>
In the meantime, an even bigger king tide than the ones in April and
May is forecast for June.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/the-ghost-of-climate-change-future/528471/">https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/the-ghost-of-climate-change-future/528471/</a><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2017/05/arctic-weather-goes-nuts-world-meteorologists-take-more-joint-forecasting">As
Arctic weather goes nuts, world meteorologists take on more
joint forecasting</a></b></font><br>
A two-year joint effort is to help the World Meteorological
Organization enhance Arctic observation, modeling and weather
prediction.<br>
May 26, 2017 By Atle Staalesen<br>
Something very serious is clearly happening with weather in the
Arctic. Now, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) says it
will intensify its activities in the region, one of the areas on the
planet with the least weather data available.<br>
Dramatic changes in weather, climate and ice conditions are
currently leading to increased human activities such as
transportation, tourism, fisheries and natural resource exploitation
and extraction, the Meteorological Organization says. Therefore,
accurate weather and sea-ice information will become increasingly
vital in order to reduce risks and improve safety management in
polar regions and beyond, a <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.met.no/en/archive/the-year-of-polar-prediction--from-research-to-improved-environmental-safety-in-polar-regions-and-beyond">press
release from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute reads</a>.<br>
The project starts as data show a dramatic increase in temperatures
in the region. The Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in a report
from 2016 underlined that "these kind of temperatures have never
before been registered in the region". In the northern part of the
Barents Sea, the average 2016 temperature was as much as eight
degrees above normal, information from the center show.<br>
The trend is the same in 2017. Data from the Center shows that
average January temperatures in parts of the Kara Sea were as much
as 15 degrees higher than normal. Also in in the months
February-April, there were "enormous temperature anomalies" in the
area, the Center informs.<br>
The two-year international meteorological initiative is launched as
the WMO kickstarts the Year of Polar Prediction. It aims to close
existing gaps in polar forecasting capacity, and will lead to better
forecasts of weather and sea-ice conditions.<br>
During special observing periods, the number of routine
observations, for example through weather balloon launches from
meteorological stations and buoy deployments from research vessels,
will be enhanced; coordinated aircraft campaigns and satellite
snapshots will be carried out; and new automatic weather stations
will be installed at different polar locations.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2017/05/arctic-weather-goes-nuts-world-meteorologists-take-more-joint-forecasting">https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2017/05/arctic-weather-goes-nuts-world-meteorologists-take-more-joint-forecasting</a><br>
<br>
<font size="+1" color="#000099"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic-ecology/2017/02/was-russias-arctic-weather-2016">This
was Russia<font color="#000099">'</font>s Arctic weather in
2016</a></b></font><br>
These kind of temperatures have never before been registered in the
region», the country's Hydrometeorological Center says.<br>
The year 2016 became the warmest on the northern hemisphere on
record, and temperatures in the Arctic were by far the most extreme,
the research center says in a sum-up of the year.<br>
Among the most extreme examples is the Island of Vize, the land
located north of Novaya Zemlya, where average temperatures in
January was 17 degrees Celsius above normal for the month.<br>
Heat records were beaten one after another all over the region. In
the northern part of the Barents Sea, the average 2016 temperature
was as much as eight degrees above normal, information from the
center show. Practically all Russian areas north of the Arctic
Circle was an average of at least three degrees above normal. <br>
The warm weather continued through all seasons. In winter, the
average temperature in Siberia, Yamal and Taymyr was 7-8 degrees
above the norm, while the Arctic archipelagos in the Barents Sea and
the Kara Sea were between 10-12 degrees warmer than normal. <br>
On some spring days, the thermometer in the region showed up to 29
degrees, and in summer another heat wave rolled over the area. In
the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a temperature peak of more than 30
degrees was registered in July, while Salekhard, the regional
capital in the Yamal-Nenets AO, the same month had a day with a
record-beating average temperature of 25,6 degrees.<br>
In fall, extreme temperatures continued in the Russian east Arctic
and the Arctic archipelagos with warmth up to 12 degrees higher than
normal.<br>
Also Arctic waters heat up at record pace. In the Barents Sea and
the Kara Sea, the average water temperatures were up to 2,5 decrees
above normal, the meteorologists say. The Hydrometeorological Center
does not exclude that the heat ultimately could result in almost
ice-free Arctic water already in the course of this decade.<br>
The data from the Russian center coincides with measurements made by
other researchers. In neighboring Norway, data from Svalbard, the
archipelago north in the Barents Sea show that all months of 2016
was far warmer than normal. <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic-ecology/2017/02/was-russias-arctic-weather-2016">https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic-ecology/2017/02/was-russias-arctic-weather-2016</a><br>
<br>
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1px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
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<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight:
bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNEz2oZs2raIswSIWaoCR1pwzC1hNA
sig2-rBlHQ5ZQQJ-43Q1NzB6B7w did-7625034631461146801"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170530144758.htm"
id="MAA4DEgDUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;"><b style="font-weight: bold;">Climate
change</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>can
alter the impact of forest pathogens in trees</span></a></h2>
</div>
"This study shows the potential for future climate changes to alter
the impact of forest pathogens, and the need to incorporate disease
effects into future forestry planning as of now.<br>
The researchers found that future climate changes have the potential
to increase disease severity in fungal infected trees, with the most
distant projections likely to be the most detrimental to tree
health. However, an interesting result was that the effects of
climate change on disease severity can vary markedly among fungal
strains i.e. genetic variations of the same fungal species.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170530144758.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170530144758.htm</a><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climatenewsnetwork.net/economist-demands-truth-real-cost-fossil-fuel/">Economist
wants truth on real cost of fossil fuel</a></b><br>
By Alex Kirby LONDON, 30 May, 2017 <br>
In forthright language seldom heard in international climate policy
negotiations, a renowned German economist says it is time for the
world to accept the truth about the real cost of fossil fuel, and to
reject the lie that coal, oil and gas cost society nothing.<br>
Professor Edenhofer said: "It is a dirty lie that CO2 emissions from
fossil fuels have so far come with no cost – they cost us human
health, damage to our climate, and billions of dollars in subsidies
worldwide.<br>
"Putting a clear price-tag on CO2 emissions means finally telling
the truth. Pricing CO2 is key to climate stabilisation. It unleashes
market forces that will punish coal use and incentivise clean
innovation.<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/05/29/new-global-pathway-on-carbon-pricing-can-shift-finance-to-sustainable-investments-world-bank">The
report </a>is by the High Level Commission on Carbon Prices,
which was set up by the <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.carbonpricingleadership.org/leadership-coalition/">Carbon
Pricing Leadership Coalition</a> in 2016 to identify the most
effective pricing systems and policies. <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://climatenewsnetwork.net/economist-demands-truth-real-cost-fossil-fuel/">http://climatenewsnetwork.net/economist-demands-truth-real-cost-fossil-fuel/</a><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/05/29/new-global-pathway-on-carbon-pricing-can-shift-finance-to-sustainable-investments-world-bank">New
Global Pathway on Carbon Pricing Can Shift Finance to
Sustainable Investments: World Bank</a></b><br>
BERLIN, May 29, 2017 - New conclusions from the High-Level
Commission on Carbon Prices, led by Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz
and Lord Nicholas Stern, provide the right advice at the right time
to boost climate-friendly growth, investment and innovation,
according to the World Bank's Senior Director for Climate Change...<br>
"One of the strongest levers we have to shift financing toward
climate action is putting a price on carbon," said the World Bank's
Senior Director for Climate Change, John Roome. "The Commission's
report provides the range of prices we need to make this happen, and
spells out the complementary policies that will be needed to ensure
carbon pricing works effectively, while recognizing that each
country will need to choose the policy mix that best meets its
needs."...<br>
...a strong, predictable carbon price trajectory, as called for in
the report, would help provide the stability the private sector
needs to move investment into long-term, climate-friendly projects
and help guide governments to integrate climate risks and
opportunities into their planning and budgeting.<br>
The Commission's report also states that well-designed carbon
pricing can be an efficient way of generating revenue. Such revenues
can help governments strengthen social safety nets for poor and
vulnerable communities and finance the infrastructure needed to
provide access to basic services such as water, sanitation, and
energy. They can also support reskilling for workers and green
investments, or can be returned to households in the form of rebates
or reduced taxes. <br>
In 2016, governments across the world generated $26 billion in
revenues from carbon taxes - an increase by 60 percent over the year
before. According to the World Bank's just-released Carbon Pricing
Watch 2017, the number of carbon pricing initiatives worldwide has
almost doubled over the past five years.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/05/29/new-global-pathway-on-carbon-pricing-can-shift-finance-to-sustainable-investments-world-bank">http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/05/29/new-global-pathway-on-carbon-pricing-can-shift-finance-to-sustainable-investments-world-bank</a><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U84my14evls">(video)
Impacts of Global Warming & Ocean Acidification on Ocean
Biology: Dr Bruce Monger (February 2017)</a></b><br>
Understanding Climate Change Published on May 29, 2017<br>
Impacts of Global Warming & Ocean Acidification on Ocean
Biology: Dr Bruce Monger (February 2017)<br>
Bio: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.geo.cornell.edu/ocean/web/people/monger.html">http://www.geo.cornell.edu/ocean/web/people/monger.html</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U84my14evls">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U84my14evls</a><br>
<br>
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1px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 13.44px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
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initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 18px;
line-height: 21px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight:
bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNExKota8VaRyhlEYN-WM4XeEQfopA
sig2-aYRMlDTPVo6tHqYibbu2jQ did--4029541907519362277"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/mushrooms-climate-change/528483/"
id="MAA4DEgEUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;">Tracking <b style="font-weight:
bold;">Climate Change</b> Through a Mushroom's Diet</span></a></h2>
</div>
The mushroom Amanita thiersii dots American lawns from Texas to
Illinois, a small white button on the grass's emerald expanse.
Unlike similar mushrooms, A. thiersii does not live in a symbiotic
relationship with nearby trees; instead, it gets its energy by
feasting on the corpses of its neighbors - that is, dead grasses.
That predilection means that the mushroom is uniquely suited to
report on what those grasses were like before they perished,
according to a new paper in Journal of Geophysical Research:
Biogeosciences. In fact, an analysis of 40-odd A. thiersii samples
taken from lawns across the Midwest over 27 years suggests that the
mushrooms, as a result of the grasses they eat, may be able reflect
the changing climate of the last few decades in their chemistry.<br>
The reason it might be possible to trace climate change in grass at
all is because plants can be distinguished by the different ways
they handle photosynthesis. The new paper looks at two methods of
photosynthesis in particular: C3 and C4, named after the structure
of the molecules the methods produce. The majority of plant species
perform C3, which produces energy at higher concentrations of CO2
and at lower temperatures. C4 plants, meanwhile - most of which
evolved in hotter and drier climates - are more efficient in higher
temperatures, but too much CO2 is hard for them to deal with...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/mushrooms-climate-change/528483/">https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/mushrooms-climate-change/528483/</a><br>
<font size="+1"><i><br>
<font size="+1"><b><a
href="http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/294658433.html"
moz-do-not-send="true">This Day in Climate History May 31,
1992 </a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font> <br>
May 31, 1992: The Boston Globe's Ross Gelbspan report Abstract:<br>
</i></font>
<blockquote><font size="+1"><b>Racing to an environmental precipice
<br>
Fear of future on deteriorating planet sets agenda for Rio de
Janeiro summit<br>
<br>
</b><i>Scenarios like these are being forecast by more and more
scientists. Unless skyrocketing rates of pollution and
population growth are reversed soon, they warn, many
biological systems needed to sustain humans will collapse
within the lifetimes of today's children. Some scientists who
monitor the spiraling rates of stress on the planet say it is
already too late to avoid a slide into nightmarish conditions.
They cite data indicating that the scale of human activity has
already overwhelmed the ability of the Earth to absorb wastes,
cleanse the air and water, and maintain a stable climate. Many
of these trends will take a drastic toll within 30 to 40
years, they predict. <br>
<br>
Many researchers believe that the most pressing global
environmental problem is also the hardest to document and the
most controversial - the potential for a catastrophic increase
in the planet's temperature. Such scientists as Stephen H.
Schneider of the National Center for Atmospheric Research
predict that average temperatures, driven up by an exponential
buildup of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases in the
upper atmosphere, will rise by 3 to 8 degrees Fahrenheit by
the year 2050. By comparison, temperatures were only 4 degrees
lower at the end of the great Ice Age 10,000 years ago.</i></font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><i>While this 'greenhouse effect' is mostly due to
the burning of oil and coal in power plants, factories and
automobiles, its effects are multiplied by the dizzying rate
at which carbon-dioxide-absorbing trees are being cut down in
the tropical rain forests of Brazil, Borneo and Indonesia, as
well as in dry forests in temperate latitudes. In Brazil
alone, an area of rain forest as large as the state of Maine
is leveled each year to make way for farming or economic
development.</i></font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><i>As a result, some researchers now expect that
the amount of heat-trapping carbon dioxide, which has held
steady at about 300 parts per million throughout most of human
history, will double in the next 50 years. </i></font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><i>That prospect has scientists depicting a range
of dire scenarios occurring within the lifetime of today's
children.</i></font><br>
</blockquote>
<font size="+1"><i><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/294658433.html">http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/294658433.html</a><br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
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