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<font size="+1"><i>June 26, 2017</i></font><font size="+1"><br>
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<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 18px;
line-height: 21px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight:
bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNFxDUjU2cre2U7mugcxdavYjg5YmQ
sig2-kRD1oQevoahnYp7Uv2aCfA did-7190831905079272973"
href="http://fortune.com/2017/06/25/climate-change-heat-waves/"
id="MAA4DEgCUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: none;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;">How<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b
style="font-weight: bold;">Climate Change</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Will Transform the
Way We Live<br>
</span></a></h2>
</div>
(Fortune, Laura Entis) Earlier this week, nearly 50 flights out of
Phoenix were cancelled. At 120 degrees, the temperature forecast
exceeded the airline's 118 degrees maximum operating temperature. <br>
It's difficult not to connect the delays to climate
change-scientists estimate the planet's overall temperature has
increased by 1.8 degrees since preindustrial times. Last year was
the hottest on record, followed by 2015, followed by 2014.<br>
As the world continues to warm, such plane delays will become more
common, says Camilo Mora, an associate geography professor at the
University of Hawaii at Manoa. And that's just the beginning.<br>
Here's how he predicts global warming will impact day-to-day life in
the U.S. within the next century.<br>
<b>For much of the U.S., summer will take place indoors.</b><br>
According to a study co-authored by Mora, if carbon emissions aren't
reduced, by 2100 New York City will experience about 50 days per
year of heat and humidity conditions that has resulted in death (up
from about two days now). Meanwhile, in cities such as Orlando and
Houston, this threshold will be crossed for the entire summer,
making it unsafe to go outside for extended periods of time.<br>
<b>Power outages will result in deaths.</b><br>
In this brutally hot version of the future, in many U.S. cities air
conditioning will become a literal life saver. Power outages, like
the one that swept through Northeast and the Midwest in 2003 --
leaving 50 million people without electricity-will no longer be an
inconvenience, but a national emergency. <br>
<b>Roads and train tracks will melt and buckle under the heat.</b><br>
Like chocolate, asphalt can grow mushy under the blazing sun. As the
temperatures becomes more extreme in the summers, highways will
"start to melt," says Mora. Howard Robinson, chief executive of the
Road Surface Treatments Association, told the BBC that roads begin
to soften when their surface temperature exceeds 50C (122F).<br>
... as a species, "we suffer from short-term memory," he says. When,
earlier this week, a heat wave hit the Southwestern states, climate
change was in the news. But "next week, when the heat wave is gone,
everyone will be talking about something else."<br>
Instead of putting your head in the sand, Mora urges action, even if
it's minor: "consume less," he says. Try to drive less, turn down
your thermostat, or reduce your meat intake.Climate change is tied
to government policies, but it's also "the combination of so many of
us using things we don't need," he says. "We can't afford to not
think this is a problem."<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://fortune.com/2017/06/25/climate-change-heat-waves/">http://fortune.com/2017/06/25/climate-change-heat-waves/</a></font><br>
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<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight:
bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNGm0swJUGLiqH3yeLTuUS2-eBx1fQ
sig2-H4pc2tZioQ1maxtjwNz-BQ did--8537133357833084322"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170621103214.htm"
id="MAA4DEgAUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;"><b style="font-weight: bold;">Climate
change</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>label
leads to climate science acceptance</span></a></h2>
</div>
Labels matter when it comes to acceptance of climate science,
suggests new research. For example, explain authors of a new report,
the US public doubts the existence of 'global warming' more than it
doubts 'climate change.'<br>
On the heels of President Donald Trump's decision to pull the United
States out of the Paris climate agreement, a new Cornell University
study finds that labels matter when it comes to acceptance of
climate science.<br>
The U.S. public doubts the existence of "global warming" more than
it doubts "climate change" -- and Republicans are driving the
effect, the research shows.<br>
In a nationally representative survey, 74.4 percent of respondents
identified as Republicans said they believed that climate change is
really happening. But only 65.5 percent said they believed in global
warming. In contrast, 94 percent of Democrats replied "yes" to both
questions.<br>
Some Republicans may discredit climate science because they may not
like the policies that have been proposed to address the problem,
said the study's co-author, Jonathon Schuldt, assistant professor of
communication at Cornell.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170621103214.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170621103214.htm</a></font><br>
- More:
<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight: bold;"><a
target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNH7CTADVZta8p2ckPs4R6d07VQBNw
sig2-v6F-DfZ1hf9S1K6N5vDs5g did--5202865316439773047"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-06-climate-global-decreases-partisan-gap.html"
id="MAA4C0gGUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;">Saying 'climate change' instead of
'<b style="font-weight: bold;">global warming</b>' decreases
partisan gap by 30 percent in US</span></a></h2>
"Our results suggest that Trump's emphasis on 'global warming' may
be an effective rhetorical strategy that resonates with his
Republican constituents, who express more skepticism in response to
that term in particular," said Schuldt.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-06-climate-global-decreases-partisan-gap.html">https://phys.org/news/2017-06-climate-global-decreases-partisan-gap.html</a></font><br>
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<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
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bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNH7BWanZHMr0alNz7QMlTouivyS_g
sig2-PsVlvoPVYEODhKsmcV8OyA did--2355234761962138712"
href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/severe-weather-slams-both-coasts/"
id="MAA4AkgBUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: none;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;">Severe weather slams both coasts</span></a></h2>
</div>
There's severe weather on both coasts this first weekend of summer.
In the west - the extreme heat is still on -- and it's fueling an
outbreak of wildfires in several states. In the east, what's left of
Tropical Storm Cindy has left a big mess to clean up...<br>
Torrential rain drenched the Northeast with up to three inches
falling in parts of New Jersey, a powerful punch from what's left of
Tropical Storm Cindy, two days after it made landfall along the Gulf
Coast.<br>
They're cleaning up in Fairfield, Alabama after an EF-2 tornado
ripped through town, leaving one person injured in a liquor store
that was nearly flattened.<br>
In other parts of Alabama, flash floods swamped cars and stranded
drivers. <br>
Farther west, extreme heat is fueling a 37,000 acre fire in Utah.
Flames have been burning out of control for days, destroying 13
homes. <br>
"A fire of this magnitude just does what it wants," said Jesse
Bender of Bureau of Land Management. <br>
More than a dozen wildfires are burning in Arizona, where the
governor has declared a state of emergency. Many of the fires are
burning in record-breaking, triple-digit temperatures.<br>
It reached 119 degrees in Phoenix this week, so hot that the air was
too thin for some planes to take off.<br>
The oppressive heat is expected to continue throughout the west this
weekend, with triple-digit temperatures in Portland, Oregon. Farther
north in Seattle, they could break a record this weekend, with
temperatures expected to be in the 90s there on Sunday.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/severe-weather-slams-both-coasts/">http://www.cbsnews.com/news/severe-weather-slams-both-coasts/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><font color="#000099"><b><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/23/from-heatwaves-to-hurricanes-floods-to-famine-seven-climate-change-hotspots">From
heatwaves to hurricanes, floods to famine: seven climate
change hotspots</a></b></font><br>
Global warming will not affect everyone equally. ...seven key
regions to see how each is tackling the consequences of climate
change: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://edge.ensia.com/hot-spots/">http://edge.ensia.com/hot-spots/</a><br>
Mapping the world's climate hotspots and identifying where the
impacts will be the greatest is...<br>
... a subjective appraisal of the seven most important climate
hotspots, based on analysis of numerous scientific models and
personal experience of observing climate change in a variety of
places. Delta regions, semi-arid countries, and glacier- and
snowpack-dependent river basins are all in the frontline. But so,
too, are tropical coastal regions and some of the world's greatest
forests and cities.<br>
<b>Murcia, Spain</b><br>
... climate change impacts are already visible not only in the
vicinity of Murcia, but across much of the Mediterranean basin.<br>
The World Resources Institute concurred in 2015 that the
Mediterranean basin was a climate hotspot when it placed 14 of the
world's 33 most water-stressed countries in 2040 in the Middle
East and North Africa region. "Drought and water shortages in
Syria likely contributed to the unrest that stoked the country's
2011 civil war. Dwindling water resources and chronic
mismanagement forced 1.5 million people, primarily farmers and
herders, to lose their livelihoods and leave their land, move to
urban areas, and magnify Syria's general destabilisation,"...<br>
The fast-growing, heavily populated region is climatically
vulnerable, it concluded. The food supplies and the social balance
of places like Palestine, Israel, Algeria, Lebanon and Jordan are
all highly sensitive to even a small change in water supplies. As
climate change intensifies, communities face grave threats from
both droughts and floods.<br>
<b>Dhaka, Bangladesh</b><br>
I met Honufa soon after she arrived in Dhaka 10 years ago. Erosion
and saltwater intrusion on her family's land on one of the
low-lying islands in the mouth of the Ganges River had forced the
young Bangladeshi woman to leave her village for the capital. She
had taken a boat and then an overnight bus and ended up in a slum
called Beribadh.<br>
Honufa is a climate refugee, one of thousands who have struggled
to grow their crops. Millions are likely to follow her if current
trends continue.<br>
"In the next 20 years we would expect five to 10 million people to
have to move from the coastal areas," says Saleemul Huq, director
of the Bangladesh-based International Centre for Climate Change
and Development. "The whole country is a climate hotspot, but the
most vulnerable area is the coast. Dhaka is the place where people
head to," he says.<br>
"We are beginning to see sea levels rising and increased salinity
in coastal areas. It is a slow onset, which will get worse. It is
a climate change phenomenon and not something we had before."<br>
<b>Mphampha, Malawi</b><br>
Late last year, the temperature in southern Malawi in southern
Africa rose to more than 46C. A long regional drought crossing
Zimbabwe, Zambia, Madagascar and Tanzania had scorched and killed
the staple maize crop and millions of people who had not seen rain
for more than a year depended on food aid.<br>
Long-term climate data in southern Africa is sparse, but studies
backed by oral evidence from villagers confirm the region is a
climate hotspot where droughts are becoming more frequent, rains
less regular, food supplies less certain, and the dry spells and
floods are lasting longer.<br>
With more than 90% of Malawi and the region depending on rain-fed
agriculture, it does not need scientists to tell people that the
climate is changing. <br>
"I know what it is to go hungry," says Elvas Munthali, a Malawian
aid worker. "My family depended on farming. The climate is
changing. Now we plant maize at the end of December or even
January; we used to do that in November."<br>
Patrick Kamzitu, a health worker in Nambuma, says: "It is much
warmer now. The rains come and we plant but then there is a dry
spell. The dry spells and the rains are heavier but shorter." <br>
...rains, floods, strong winds, high temperatures and droughts
were all becoming more common...<br>
Looking ahead, scientists expect average annual temperatures
across southern Africa to soar, possibly as much as 3C by the
2060s, to 5C by the 2090s - a temperature that would render most
human life nearly impossible. But estimates vary greatly.
Rainfall, says USAid, could decrease in some places by 13% and
increase in others by 32%....<br>
<b>Longyearbyen, Norway</b><br>
The temperature in Longyearbyen on the Svalbard archipelago about
650 miles from the North Pole, averaged about -4C in April. If
that sounds cold, consider that it was nearly 8C warmer than the
30-year average for the time of year, and that April was no
outlier. The average temperature for the whole of 2016 in
Longyearbyen was near freezing. Usually it is -10C.<br>
...There are many ways the Arctic is changing. You see it in melt
season starting earlier than it used to and taking longer to
freeze up, in the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and the
Arctic glaciers, the warming of permafrost temperatures, in
increased coastal erosion, the northward migration of the tree
line and species, and in how local communities can no longer keep
their food in the ground because the thaw increased."..<br>
Both Stroeve and Holmén are by nature cautious scientists, not
given to dramatic statements. But both say they are astonished,
even scared, by the speed at which the Arctic changes are
happening.<br>
"Given our current emission rates of 35 to 40 gigatons [of carbon
dioxide] per year we should see ice-free conditions in September
in about 20 years," says Stroeve.<br>
Longyearbyen residents are getting used to more extreme weather
and coming to terms with what it means for them. The town has
created a new risk assessment map and an avalanche warning system.
Some parts of the town may be deemed unsafe and will have to be
moved. Others may be protected by snow fences or walls....<br>
<b>Manaus, Brazil</b><br>
When Carlos Nobre, one of Brazil's leading climatologists, lived
in Manaus in the 1970s, the population was a few hundred thousand
and the highest temperature ever recorded in the city had been
33.5C. The city was surrounded by cool, dense forest and the
greatest river on Earth. Heat waves were rare and floods regular
but manageable.<br>
Today Manaus has more than 2 million people, and it and the wider
Amazon region are changing fast. In 2015, Nobre says, the
temperature in Manaus soared to 38.8C. "The Amazon is tropical and
very hot, but when I lived there the hot spells were rare," he
says. "Now we see many more of them." Not only that, he says, but
dry seasons are longer by a week than they were a decade ago and
weather is more erratic.<br>
"When we see a dry season of over four months, or deforestation of
more than 40%, then there is no way back. Trees will slowly decay,
and in 50 years we would see a degraded savanna. It would take
100-200 years to see a fully fledged savanna."<br>
The Amazon then would be unrecognizable, along with much of
Earth...<br>
<b>New York, US</b><br>
New York state may seem an unlikely climate hotspot, but research
confirms its status in the top league of potential change. Drawing
on the US national climate assessment and research by leading
federal agencies and academics, it calculates that temperatures
statewide have risen about 1.3C since 1970, spring begins a week
sooner than it did just a few decades ago, there is less winter
snow and more intense downpours. Meanwhile, sea levels are rising
at nearly twice the global rate and birds and fish populations are
all moving north.<br>
Even more dramatically, the latest scientific projections suggest
trouble ahead. By the 2050s, says the New York Department of
Environmental Conservation, sea levels could rise nearly 76cm (30
inches), storm surges and flooding will be more common in coastal
areas, and West Nile virus and many other diseases could be
prevalent....<br>
Pope identifies three groups of cities which he thinks will lead
others on climate: "Cities in Nordic countries that will be
meticulous about everything. Then there are a few in Latin America
and Africa, which will be unbelievably creative. A third group is
in east Asia and China, which will do things on a massive scale."<br>
<b>Manila, Philippines</b><br>
The Philippines is regularly ranked in lists of the top few
countries most affected by climate change. "We are already
experiencing climate change impacts, including sea-level rise,
hotter temperatures, extreme weather events and changes in
precipitation," says Sano, who has now left government to direct
Greenpeace SE Asia.<br>
"These in turn, result in human rights impacts, such as loss of
homes and livelihoods, water contamination, food scarcity,
displacement of whole communities, disease outbreaks, and even the
loss of life."<br>
Scientists widely agree that the country, along with nearby
Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia, is a hotspot. Analysis of 70
years' of government data, published in the International Journal
of Climatology last year, shows a small decrease in the number of
smaller typhoons that hit the Philippines each year, but more
intense ones. It is not conclusive evidence, but previous studies
have suggested the increase may be due to rising sea-surface
temperatures since the 1970s....<br>
"The challenge now is to rapidly adapt farming to climate change
with modern varieties and feed a fast-growing global population,
half of which depends on rice as a staple food. One billion people
go hungry every day. In the 1990s, rice yields were growing 2% a
year; now they are just 1%. Temperatures here have risen 2-4C.
Climate change will reduce productivity. Rainfall is unpredictable
and rice is grown in areas like deltas that are prone to sea level
rises. ..<br>
But <b>the bottom line</b> is that climate hotspots intersect,
and nowhere will we escape the changes taking place. What happens
in the Amazon affects West Africa; the North American growing
season may depend on the melting of Arctic ice; flooding in Asian
cities affected by warming on the high Tibetan plateau. And urban
areas ultimately depend on the countryside.<br>
We're all in a hot spot now.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/23/from-heatwaves-to-hurricanes-floods-to-famine-seven-climate-change-hotspots">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/23/from-heatwaves-to-hurricanes-floods-to-famine-seven-climate-change-hotspots</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://edge.ensia.com/hot-spots/">http://edge.ensia.com/hot-spots/</a><br>
</font><i> <br>
</i></font><br>
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<h2 class="esc-lead-article-title" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 18px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-weight:
bold;"><a target="_blank" class="article
usg-AFQjCNF2j8Mo9WIl3CipMlO5bHgfJH8P3A
sig2-usxAmpcrJpXc4_Rf1mbsJw did--7765062184962988107"
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/schwarzenegger-macron-meeting_us_594f49eae4b0da2c731c04d5"
id="MAA4DEgEUABgAWoCdXM" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204);
text-decoration: underline;"><span class="titletext"
style="font-weight: bold;">Schwarzenegger And Macron Troll
Trump Over<b style="font-weight: bold;"> Climate Change</b></span></a></h2>
</div>
New best bros Arnold Schwarzenegger and French President Emmanuel
Macron teamed up in Paris to talk about the Paris climate agreement
and global warming. They also pulled off a selfie video
not-so-surreptitiously aimed at you-know-who: that other president.<br>
The video, posted to Schwarzenegger's Twitter on Friday, is labeled:
"With President Macron, a great leader." The former California
governor notes on the vid: "I'm here with President Macron. We're
talking about environmental issues and a green future."<br>
Macron pipes in: "And now we will deliver together to make the
planet great again."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/schwarzenegger-macron-meeting_us_594f49eae4b0da2c731c04d5">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/schwarzenegger-macron-meeting_us_594f49eae4b0da2c731c04d5</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/06/we_can_t_trust_this_administration_s_climate_decisions.html">Grizzly
Bears Are Now the Victims of the Trump Administration's Climate
Denialism</a></b><br>
We can't trust this administration to make science-based decisions.<br>
By Susan Matthews <br>
Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced Thursday that the
Yellowstone grizzly bear will no longer be listed as protected under
the Endangered Species Act. The grizzly's population has rebounded
and it now "stands as one of America's great conservation
successes," he crowed.<br>
A species being removed from the ESA is rare and, in normal
circumstances, should be celebrated. It means that a population has
recovered enough to no longer require extra protections, which
should be considered a good thing. And the grizzly bear has: When
the species was listed in the 1970s, it was estimated that a mere
150 existed. Today, there are about 700 individuals.<br>
This decision, however, seems unlikely to be met with applause. As
the New York Times reports, environmental organizations are already
lining up to sue to stop it. And 125 Native American tribes have
banded together to oppose the delisting because they weren't
consulted in the decision-making. Also, any good feelings animal
lovers get from the words "conservation success story" are likely to
be squashed by the fact that the delisting means the bears could now
be hunted. People really don't like it when charismatic megafauna
get killed.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/06/we_can_t_trust_this_administration_s_climate_decisions.html">http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2017/06/we_can_t_trust_this_administration_s_climate_decisions.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.capitalgazette.com/opinion/letters/ph-ac-ce-letters-0624-20170623-story.html">Letter
to Capital Gazette from 13 yr old - Cllimate change</a></b><br>
I am 13 years old and concerned about my future. Quite frankly, I
was appalled by Wayne Adamson's letter (The Capital, May 29).<br>
First, man-made climate change is a fact. There is no doubt about
it, but it is well known that some organizations have made it their
jobs to cast doubt about climate change. There are also many people
like Mr. Adamson who have bought into that doubt, but that doesn't
change the science.<br>
Let me point out that Mr. Adamson is in his late 70s, according to
his Facebook profile, Therefore it might be convenient and
comfortable for him to say climate change doesn't exist. That way,
he can continue living his life without making changes or difficult
decisions and have no guilt or regret.<br>
I don't have that luxury because I am 13. I am going to have to pay
with my future if I don't do something about climate change. For
those of us who do have an interest in the future, whether you will
be living it or your children or grandchildren will, we know it
can't hurt us to make sure we have clean water, clean air and a
healthy world to live on.<br>
KALLAN BENSON<br>
Crownsville<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.capitalgazette.com/opinion/letters/ph-ac-ce-letters-0624-20170623-story.html">http://www.capitalgazette.com/opinion/letters/ph-ac-ce-letters-0624-20170623-story.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><br>
</b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://ensia.com/features/black-carbon/">ON THE THAWING
TUNDRA, RESEARCHERS RACE TO UNDERSTAND BLACK CARBON'S CLIMATE
IMPACT</a></b><br>
The wood and fossil fuels we burn affect extreme warming in the
Arctic, and solutions begin with understanding how and how much.<br>
WRITER Madeline Ostrander @madelinevo<br>
In the global scale of things, black carbon's impact is neither as
important nor as long-lasting as that of CO2. But take a bit of soot
out of the air, and the effects are almost instant....<br>
...the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates black carbon
as a component of "particulate matter": Little particles are also a
health hazard because they can penetrate human lung tissue, enter
the bloodstream, and contribute to asthma, bronchitis, and heart and
respiratory diseases...<br>
... new sources of black carbon are creeping into the Arctic as the
ice thaws. Between 2008 and 2012, marine traffic in the U.S. Arctic
went up 108 percent. In the summer and fall of 2016, the Crystal
Serenity became the first luxury cruise liner to travel across the
Arctic Ocean from Alaska to New York City. In late April this year,
President Trump signed an executive order with the aim of reviving
offshore drilling in the Alaskan Arctic and elsewhere, a move that
prompted a lawsuit from several environmental groups. Oil companies
are drilling more than a dozen exploratory oil wells in the Barents
Sea off the coast of Norway....<br>
Since Pratt began her field work in Alaska five years ago, she's has
made several journeys into the waters of the Chukchi Sea and onto
the sea ice with local guides in Utqiaġvik. "It's actually pretty
amazing. You can see the changes in the ice just in that time
frame," she said. "It's quite shocking actually to see it
firsthand." <br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://ensia.com/features/black-carbon/">https://ensia.com/features/black-carbon/</a></font><br>
- See also:<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://ensia.com/features/black-carbon-golden-climate-change/">BLACK
CARBON: A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE?</a></b><br>
Soot is second only to CO2 in creating climate-changing conditions -
and so offers big hope for reducing the threat....<br>
And black carbon's impact isn't confined to the Arctic. It also
alters the atmosphere in ways we don't fully understand: affecting
cloud cover, absorbing the sun's heat and warming the air. Recent
studies have shown that black carbon has a complex but powerful
impact on global climate change - and could offer an important
opportunity for slowing it down.<br>
The good news is that black carbon's outsize influence may make it a
powerful lever for combating climate change.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://ensia.com/features/black-carbon-golden-climate-change/">https://ensia.com/features/black-carbon-golden-climate-change/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/26/washington/AP-Scotus-Greenhouse-Gases.html?pagewanted=print">This
Day in Climate History June 26, 2006</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
<blockquote> • June 26, 2006: The Associated Press reports:<br>
"The Supreme Court agreed Monday to consider whether the Bush
administration must regulate carbon dioxide to combat global
warming, setting up what could be one of the court's most
important decisions on the environment.<br>
"The decision means the court will address whether the
administration's decision to rely on voluntary measures to combat
climate change are legal under federal clean air laws.<br>
"'This is the whole ball of wax. This will determine whether the
Environmental Protection Agency is to regulate greenhouse gases
from cars and whether EPA can regulate carbon dioxide from power
plants,' said David Bookbinder, an attorney for the Sierra Club.<br>
"Bookbinder said if the court upholds the administration's
argument it also could jeopardize plans by California and 10 other
states, including most of the Northeast, to require reductions in
carbon dioxide emissions from motor vehicles.<br>
"There was no immediate comment from either the EPA or White House
on the court's action.<br>
"’Fundamentally, we don't think carbon dioxide is a pollutant, and
so we don't think these attempts are a good idea,’ said John
Felmy, chief economist of the American Petroleum Institute, a
trade group representing oil and gas producers.<br>
"A dozen states, a number of cities and various environmental
groups asked the court to take up the case after a divided lower
court ruled against them.<br>
"They argue that the Environmental Protection Agency is obligated
to limit carbon dioxide emissions from motor vehicles under the
federal Clean Air Act because as the primary ‘greenhouse'’ gas
causing a warming of the earth, carbon dioxide is a pollutant.<br>
"The administration maintains that carbon dioxide -- unlike other
chemicals that must be controlled to assure healthy air -- is not
a pollutant under the federal clean air law, and that even if it
were the EPA has discretion over whether to regulate it.<br>
"A federal appeals court sided with the administration in a
sharply divided ruling.<br>
"One judge said the EPA's refusal to regulate carbon dioxide was
contrary to the clean air law; another said that even if the Clean
Air Act gave the EPA authority over the heat-trapping chemical,
the agency could choose not to use that authority; a third judge
ruled against the suit because, he said, the plaintiffs had no
standing because they hadn't proven harm.<br>
"Carbon dioxide, which is release when burning fossil fuels such
as coal or gasoline, is the leading so-called 'greenhouse' gas
because as it drifts into the atmosphere it traps the earth's heat
-- much like a greenhouse. Many scientists cite growing evidence
that this pollution is warming the earth to a point of beginning
to change global climate."<br>
<font color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/26/washington/AP-Scotus-Greenhouse-Gases.html?pagewanted=print">http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/26/washington/AP-Scotus-Greenhouse-Gases.html?pagewanted=print</a>
</font><br>
</blockquote>
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