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<font size="+1"><i>July 1, 2017<br>
<br>
</i></font> <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/30/europes-extreme-june-heat-clearly-linked-to-climate-change-research-shows">Europe's
extreme June heat clearly linked to climate change, research
shows</a></b><br>
Heatwaves that saw deadly forest fires in Portugal and soaring
temperatures in England were made up to 10 times more likely by
global warming, say scientists<br>
Human-caused climate change dramatically increased the likelihood of
the extreme heatwave that saw deadly forest fires blazing in
Portugal and Spain, new research has shown.<br>
Much of western Europe sweltered earlier in June, and the severe
heat in England, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland
was also made significantly more likely by global warming. Such
temperatures will become the norm by 2050, the scientists warned,
unless action is taken to rapidly cut carbon emissions.<br>
Scientists combined temperature records and the latest observations
with a series of sophisticated computer models to calculate how much
the global rise in greenhouse gases has raised the odds of the
soaring temperatures...<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/30/europes-extreme-june-heat-clearly-linked-to-climate-change-research-shows">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/30/europes-extreme-june-heat-clearly-linked-to-climate-change-research-shows</a></font><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://csas.ei.columbia.edu/2017/06/30/sophies-op-ed/"><br>
<b>Sophie's Op-Ed by James Hansen</b></a><br>
Text of Sophie's op-ed in the Morning Call (Eastern Pennsylvania
news) is below. A few pieces of good news:<br>
(1) The paper "Young People's Burden: Requirement of Negative CO2
Emissions" has been accepted for publication in Earth System
Dynamics. We are checking the page proofs now. It will be published
in mid-July - more on it later.<br>
(2) The trial date for our legal case (Juliana et al versus United
States), now with Donald Trump as the first defendant, has been set
for seven months from now (5 February 2018) before Judge Ann Aiken<br>
<blockquote>..We listened as the government's lawyers argued that we
had a weak case. They did not deny global warming or the damage
being done to the planet, but they denied any responsibility to
address the crisis.<br>
First, the U.S. government sets our national energy policy and
what kind of fuels we use. When it sets standards for how
inefficient the things that burn those fuels can be, like our
cars, the U.S. government is taking action. When it leases land to
corporations to dig up coal or drill for oil or gas, the U.S.
government is taking action. When it offers tax breaks and
subsidies to fossil fuel companies, the U.S. government is taking
action. When it permits the pollution that comes out of the energy
system it controls, the U.S. government is taking action. When you
add up all these actions, the U.S. government, more than anyone
else, is responsible for the level of carbon dioxide pollution
that will determine the climate in my lifetime.<br>
As a young person, I'm not worried about President Donald Trump's
opinions on climate change, but the U.S. government's actions.
Because I know the actions it takes today to promote fossil fuels
will cause fossil fuel emissions, and those emissions will cause
climate change. And that climate change will mean impacts that I
will have to live with, throughout my lifetime....<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://csas.ei.columbia.edu/2017/06/30/sophies-op-ed/">http://csas.ei.columbia.edu/2017/06/30/sophies-op-ed/</a></font><br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-06-half-a-degree-boosted-extreme-weather.html">
<b>Half-a-degree of warming boosted extreme weather</b></a><br>
Half a degree Celsius of global warming has been enough to increase
heat waves and heavy rains in many regions of the planet,
researchers reported Friday.<br>
Read more at: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-06-half-a-degree-boosted-extreme-weather.html#jCp">https://phys.org/news/2017-06-half-a-degree-boosted-extreme-weather.html#jCp</a><br>
Comparing two 20-year periods - 1960-79 and 1991-2010 - between
which average global temperatures jumped 0.5 C (0.9 F), scientists
found that several kinds of extreme weather gained in duration and
intensity.<br>
The hottest summer temperatures increased by more than 1 C (1.8 F)
across a quarter of Earth's land areas, while the coldest winter
temperatures warmed by more then 2.5 C (4.5 F).<br>
The intensity of extreme precipitation grew nearly 10 percent across
a quarter of all land masses, and the duration of hot spells—which
can fuel devastating forest fires - lengthened by a week in half of
land areas.<br>
These changes were well outside the bounds of natural variability,
according to the study, published in the journal Nature Climate
Change.<br>
"We have to rely on climate models to predict the future," said lead
author Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, a researcher at the Potsdam
Institute of Climate Impact Research.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-06-half-a-degree-boosted-extreme-weather.html">https://phys.org/news/2017-06-half-a-degree-boosted-extreme-weather.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.impactlab.org/map/">CLIMATE
IMPACT MAP</a></b><br>
Explore the ways in which climate change will impact where you live,
work and do business.<br>
Starting with changes in temperature, this map will expand to
include projected social and economic impacts in the weeks and
months ahead.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.impactlab.org/map/">http://www.impactlab.org/map/</a></font><b><br>
</b><b> </b><b><br>
<br>
</b><b> </b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/major-correction-to-satellite-data-shows-140-faster-warming-since-1998">Major
correction to satellite data shows 140% faster warming since
1998</a></b><br>
A new paper published in the Journal of Climate reveals that the
lower part of the Earth's atmosphere has warmed much faster since
1979 than scientists relying on satellite data had previously
thought.<br>
Researchers from Remote Sensing Systems (RSS), based in California,
have released a substantially revised version of their lower
tropospheric temperature record.<br>
After correcting for problems caused by the decaying orbit of
satellites, as well as other factors, they have produced a new
record showing 36% faster warming since 1979 and nearly 140% faster
(e.g. 2.4 times faster) warming since 1998. This is in comparison to
the previous version 3 of the lower tropospheric temperature (TLT)
data published in 2009.<br>
Climate sceptics have long claimed that satellite data shows global
warming to be less pronounced that observational data collected on
the Earth's surface. This new correction to the RSS data
substantially undermines that argument. The new data actually shows
more warming than has been observed on the surface, though still
slightly less than predicted in most climate models...<br>
These divergences suggest that there is still a lot of uncertainty
surrounding satellite temperature records that needs to be resolved,
as the range of reasonable assumptions for corrections can lead to
large differences in results....<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/major-correction-to-satellite-data-shows-140-faster-warming-since-1998">https://www.carbonbrief.org/major-correction-to-satellite-data-shows-140-faster-warming-since-1998</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><br>
</b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nationalmemo.com/climate-change-looms-more-terrifying-than-any-fiction/">Climate
Change Looms More Terrifying Than Any Fiction</a></b><br>
Cynthia Tucker Haynes<br>
Yet, we dither. We dispute. We do nothing. In the face of one of the
most dangerous threats humankind has ever faced — rivaled only by
the threat of nuclear annihilation - American political leaders have
decided to behave as if it's nothing more than the mindless plot of
a summer blockbuster.<br>
It's not. ...<br>
...This isn't merely dispiriting. It's downright frightening. I had
always believed that, given factual information, literate citizens
of a wealthy democracy like the United States would behave
rationally, acting on that information to preserve their survival. I
was wrong....<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nationalmemo.com/climate-change-looms-more-terrifying-than-any-fiction/">http://www.nationalmemo.com/climate-change-looms-more-terrifying-than-any-fiction/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.marketplace.org/2017/06/30/economy/study-suggests-climate-change-will-hit-poorer-parts-us-hardest">(audio+
text) Study suggests climate change will hit poorer parts of
U.S. hardest</a></b><br>
A <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6345/1362">new
study in the journal Science</a> deals with the financial impacts
that unchecked climate change would have on the United States. It
finds for each degree Fahrenheit increase, there'll be a 0.7 percent
hit to gross domestic product. In some poorer parts of the country,
that can jump to 20 percent.<br>
The study looks at how higher temperatures, increased flooding and
sea level rise would affect things like agriculture, mortality and
crime. There's a nationwide impact, but it's much bigger in hotter
regions, which tend to be poorer, according to Robert Kopp, one of
the study's authors and director of the Institute of Earth, Ocean
and Atmospheric Sciences at Rutgers University.<br>
"The areas that are warmer in the country are more at risk from the
impacts of climate change, and we also found that those areas that
are warmer — the way they happen to be distributed means those also
tend to be poorer parts of the country," Kopp said.<br>
"Even if you have a way to manage those risks, it's going to be more
costly to do those in the areas where the risks are larger," he
said. "And so climate change sets up this factor that will enhance
inequality in our country."<br>
Craig Fugate, a former Federal Emergency Management Agency
administrator, said that insurers and investors aren't currently
factoring in climate change when they look at these areas. And
that's encouraging people to keep building in places that are
vulnerable.<br>
"I haven't seen anybody's bond rating being affected based upon
their risk to storm surge increasing, flood risk, heavy rainfalls,"
Fugate said. "And their tax bases are increasingly becoming more
vulnerable to these changes."<br>
But the effects of climate change will eventually catch up with the
land value in these areas.<br>
"Probably, if you're in a county where you have a 20 percent hit to
GDP, a lot of people are going to move, and so for those counties,
the effect may be even worse, because people are going to respond to
this risk by moving, which will moderate the national impact but
exaggerate it locally," Kopp said.<br>
The team behind the research is now looking to apply its model on a
global scale.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.marketplace.org/2017/06/30/economy/study-suggests-climate-change-will-hit-poorer-parts-us-hardest">https://www.marketplace.org/2017/06/30/economy/study-suggests-climate-change-will-hit-poorer-parts-us-hardest</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/how-politicians-must-fight-climate-change-in-the-trump-era-w489549">
<b>How to Tell If Your Reps Are Serious About Climate Change -
Bill McKibben</b></a><br>
In the wake of Trump pulling the U.S. out of the Paris Agreement,
how serious are your elected leaders about fighting back?<br>
So politicians are speaking out. But at this point we need more than
nice rhetoric, more than empty pledges to "live up to the Paris
accords." <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://act.350.org/go/14905?t=3&utm_medium=email&utm_source=actionkit&akid=23246.2926285.uuLtkq">As
I write in this week's Rolling Stone</a>, we need real, measurable
commitments. It's time, in particular, for politicians to:<br>
<b>1) Stop new fossil fuel infrastructure. </b>If you're serious
about Paris, that means realizing we're already overshooting the
temperature targets we set there – there's literally no more room in
the carbon budget for more pipelines, more frack fields, more coal
ports. If France's new president can put an end to exploration for
oil and gas, so can our leaders.<br>
<b>2) Commit to 100% renewables</b>. Not to "more solar panels," but
to powering our cities and states with sun and wind, and soon.
Already cities from Atlanta to Salt Lake to San Diego have made the
pledge; California's state senate has already passed such a bill.
100% is the most important number we've got.<br>
<b>3) Recognize that natural gas is as bad an enemy as coal or oil</b>.
This has been America's greatest climate mistake in recent years:
we've driven down our carbon emissions by driving up the methane
that natural gas production pours into the atmosphere, meaning we're
making no progress. And all that cheap fracked gas is holding back
the conversion to actual clean energy. It's got to stop.<br>
We'll be working hard on all these battles in the months ahead –
making noise in town halls during August's congressional recess,
continuing resistance in the pipeline routes, and launching an
ambitious new grassroots campaign this Fall. We're 100% in on 100%.
Resources would help as we gear up for more campaigning – if you
can, please <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://act.350.org/go/14?t=1&akid=23246.2926285.uuLtkq">donate
here. 350.org is building a global climate movement</a><br>
Most of all, though, we need you spreading the word. Precisely
because this is a desperate moment, we don't have the luxury of
despair. It's time to fight....<br>
If we let politicians simply "stand up for science" or promise to
someday reincarnate the Paris accord, then we will never catch up
with climate change. If instead the rage that Trump has provoked
catapults us into truly serious action – well, that will be the best
revenge. <br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/how-politicians-must-fight-climate-change-in-the-trump-era-w489549">http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/how-politicians-must-fight-climate-change-in-the-trump-era-w489549</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/flatview?cuecard=40383">This
Day in Climate History July 1, 1983</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
<font size="+1">July 1, 1983: NBC's "Today" reports on the risk of
sea level rise from global warming.<br>
</font>"Beach Erosion Theory: Greenhouse Effect Melts Polar Ice,
Raises Sea Level" NBC Today Show, New York, NY: NBC Universal,
07/01/1983. Accessed Sun Jan 18 2015 from NBC Learn:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=40383">https://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=40383</a><br>
<blockquote><b> Transcript</b><br>
<b>Beach Erosion Theory: Greenhouse Effect Melts Polar Ice, Raises
Sea Level</b><br>
JANE PAULEY, anchor:<br>
It’s a 4th of July weekend. Bags are packed. Skies are clear.
Millions of you will be heading for the shore for sun, sandy
beaches, and cooling surf. Some will dream, perhaps, even of
owning a beach front cottage, but beware. Winter storms and
controversial seawalls are hastening the beach front erosion and
there is a growing feeling among scientists that we should just
let them fall. Dr. Orrin Pilkey is a geologist at Duke University
who I think would agree with that. He’s been studying the nation’s
shoreline and watching it erode. Why is our shoreline shrinking?<br>
Dr. ORRIN PILKEY (Geologist): Well, there are a number of reasons,
but probably the principle reason, the reason that 80 to 90
percent of our shoreline is eroding is that the sea level is
rising and the sea level is rising maybe at a rate of a foot and a
half per century right now and this rise is expected to
accelerate.<br>
PAULEY: What causes this, the rise of the oceans?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Probably due to an excess production of Carbon Dioxide
by automobiles and -<br>
PAULEY: The Greenhouse Effect.<br>
Dr. PILKEY: The Greenhouse Effect, which is warming up the
atmosphere, which is melting the Antarctic ice cap very very
slowly and -<br>
PAULEY: Well, how fast is this melting process and rising process
eroding our shores?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Well, for every, for a very small increment of sea
level rise, you get a very large horizontal retreat, something
like the ratio of 1 to a thousand, so if we have a 1 foot rise in
sea level this century, we can expect, theoretically, at least,
something of the order of a thousand, two thousand feet shoreline
retreat on our coastal plain coast.<br>
PAULEY: Is that inevitable or can it be controlled?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Can’t be controlled, no way to – well, okay, the
shoreline erosion problem can be, buildings can be saved by
building seawalls, but this creates problems.<br>
PAULEY: Some examples – Galveston, Texas had, well, a hurricane.<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Yeah, 1900, Galveston had a hurricane that killed
6,000 people and in response to this, they built a massive
seawall, the largest seawall on any barrier island. I think one
can understand why they built it, but the price they paid was
basically the loss of -<br>
PAULEY: Can we see the price here?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Yeah, you can see there’s no beach there. This is Cape
May, New Jersey here.<br>
PAULEY: And there’s no beach there either, is there?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: That’s right. This is oldest shoreline resort in
America.<br>
PAULEY: Was there a beach?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: There was a beach there up until 1912, 1920-
something, like 1918, something like that.<br>
PAULEY: That’s ancient history.<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Yeah, that’s ancient history is right. There is a
little beach there now at low tide, but basically the beach is
gone and what they’ve done, they have saved the buildings
temporarily at the price of the loss of the beach.<br>
PAULEY: You mean, had they sacrificed the buildings, they might
still have some beach?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Yes, if they had allowed the buildings to fall in –
very simple – they’d allow the buildings to fall in. The beach
would still be there.<br>
PAULEY: Sea Island, Georgia.<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Sea Island Georgia – Now this particular picture here
is Palm Beach, Florida, which is one of our more famous beaches,
but you can see that the beach is essentially gone here because of
the problem of the seawalls.<br>
PAULEY: But Miami Beach had a problem like that, too, and they
reclaimed their beaches, didn’t they?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Yes, they did, quite successfully, but at a cost of
$65 million - $68 million for 15 miles of shoreline.<br>
PAULEY: And is it a permanent solution?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: No, it’s a solution that might last a decade,
something like that.<br>
PAULEY: So what is the solution in general, like just to throw up
your hands and welcome the oceans?<br>
Dr. PILKEY: Well, that’s one of the nice things about this
environmental problem is that the best solution is probably to do
nothing. That is, to let the houses fall in as their time comes.
This is a very politically unpopular solution.<br>
PAULEY: It is.<br>
Dr. PILKEY: There are ways of letting houses fall in. One can buy
the houses or one can move the houses before their time comes. The
real difficult part of this, though, is what to do about the ten
story condominiums that line the shorelines of West Florida,
Pinellas County, and places like that. It’s difficult to let them
fall in, difficult to move them.<br>
PAULEY: It’s not a real cheerful message.<br>
</blockquote>
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