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<font size="+1"><i>July 17, 2017</i></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2017/jul/16/richard-branson-climate-change-great-opportunity-virgin-group-video">Climate
change is 'great opportunity' says Richard Branson - video</a></b><br>
The Founder and chair of the Virgin Group speaks during a panel
discussion in New York on Friday and says the threat of climate
change actually offers 'one of the great opportunities for this
world'. Branson urges the business sector to step forward and 'fill
certain gaps that some governments are leaving behind' in tackling
the problem<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2017/jul/16/richard-branson-climate-change-great-opportunity-virgin-group-video">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2017/jul/16/richard-branson-climate-change-great-opportunity-virgin-group-video</a></font><br>
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<h1 class="sponsor-title" style="margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px;
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max-width: 500px; left: 0px; right: 0px; z-index: 1; position:
absolute; top: -370px; width: 500px;">For Mental Fitness, Take A
Hike</h1>
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font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit;
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<h3 class="description" style="margin: 0px auto 10px; padding:
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29px !important; font-family: "Helvetica Neue",
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!important; text-align: center; max-width: 515px !important;
width: 515px; left: 0px; right: 0px; z-index: 1; position:
absolute; top: -270px;">Studies show that reconnecting with
nature can make us happier, smarter, and healthier–especially if
it's in an unfamiliar place.For Mental Fitness, Take A Hike<br>
Studies show that reconnecting with nature can make us happier,
smarter, and healthier–especially if it's in an unfamiliar pla</h3>
</div>
<br>
<i>New Videos from Potholer54</i><i> -</i><i>Peter Hadfield is a
British journalist and author, trained as a geologist, who
currently runs the YouTube channel Potholer54, which has over
130,000 subscribers.</i><br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIlBsfTx3Kc">(video) Can
we trust peer-reviewed papers?</a></b><br>
Published on Jul 16, 2017<br>
26 minutes<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIlBsfTx3Kc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIlBsfTx3Kc</a></font><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEieWJghRNY">Latest claim:
The Greenland ice sheet is growing</a><br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEieWJghRNY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEieWJghRNY</a></font><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://youtu.be/CcmCBetoR18">Are
humans contributing only 3% of CO2 in the atmosphere?</a><br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/CcmCBetoR18">https://youtu.be/CcmCBetoR18</a></font><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7aZ6vqCk2E">Response to
Bill Whittle's "Is climate change real?"</a><br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7aZ6vqCk2E">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7aZ6vqCk2E</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.ft.com/content/ba3bb744-688a-11e7-9a66-93fb352ba1fe">Schroders
issues climate change warning</a></b><br>
Schroders, the UK<font color="#666666"><font size="-1">'</font></font>s
largest-listed asset manager, has issued a stark warning about
climate change, cautioning that global temperatures are on course to
rise faster than expected, potentially putting trillions of pounds
of investors' cash at risk.<br>
The fund house, which manages $520bn for investors across the world,
said its analysis of the biggest drivers of climate change,
including oil and gas production and political action, suggested
global temperatures are poised to rise by 4 degrees above
pre-Industrial Revolution levels.<br>
Andy Howard, head of sustainable research at Schroders, said
investors would not be able to avoid the "force of nature colliding
with financial markets in the years and decades ahead", as
governments attempt to control temperature rises.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.ft.com/content/ba3bb744-688a-11e7-9a66-93fb352ba1fe">https://www.ft.com/content/ba3bb744-688a-11e7-9a66-93fb352ba1fe</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-heat-more-common-and-persistent-21614"><br>
Arctic heat is becoming more common and persistent</a></b><br>
Warmer air and water is fueling a negative feedback loop -
temperatures rising faster than rest of the world<br>
BRIAN KAHN, CLIMATE CENTRAL<b><br>
</b>The Arctic is a bastion of cold, blustery weather. But in the
latest sign of how quickly changes are happening, new research
published this week shows that the Arctic has seen more frequent
bouts of warm air and longer stretches of mild weather.<br>
The new findings show that while warm snaps have occurred even as
far as back as the 1890s, a massive shift is afoot in the region,
which is warming twice as fast as the rest of the world.<br>
The North Pole region has been ground zero for these changes. Since
1979, the number of warm events has doubled and the number of days
with mild air has tripled. There are now 21 days of mild weather at
the North Pole in an average winter compared to just seven mild
winter days at the start of record keeping.<br>
An international team of scientists used data from buoys, land and a
ship mired in winter ice in 2015 - as well as historical records
from a 19th century expedition - as the basis for the new study, <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073395/abstract">published
Tuesday in Geophysical Research Letters.</a><b><br>
</b><font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-heat-more-common-and-persistent-21614">http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-heat-more-common-and-persistent-21614</a></font><b><br>
</b>-more:<b><br>
Geophysical Research Letters <br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073395/abstract">Increasing
frequency and duration of Arctic winter warming events</a><br>
Plain Language Summary<br>
</b>During the last three winter seasons, extreme warming events
were observed over sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean. Each of
these warming events were associated with temperatures close to or
above 0°C, which lasted for between 1 and 3 days. Typically
temperatures in the Arctic at this time of year are below -30°C.
Here we study past temperature observations in the Arctic to
investigate how common winter warming events are. We use time
temperature observations from expeditions such as Fram (1893–1896)
and manned Soviet North Pole drifting ice stations from 1937 to
1991. These historic temperature records show that winter warming
events have been observed over most of the Arctic Ocean. Despite a
thin network of observation sites, winter time temperatures above
−5°C were directly observed approximately once every 3 years in the
central Arctic Ocean between 1954 and 2010. Winter warming events
are associated with storm systems originating in either the Atlantic
or Pacific Oceans. Twice as many warming events originate from the
Atlantic Ocean compared with the Pacific. These storms often
penetrate across the North Pole. While observations of winter
warming events date back to 1896, we find an increasing number of
winter warming events in recent years.<b><br>
</b><font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073395/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073395/abstract</a></font><b><br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.icimod.org/?q=28197"> Mountain Climate Change
- Issue 55</a></b> <br>
prepared for members of Mountain Forum, Mountain Partnership and
other regional and global networks. This thematic digest is also
available on our website. The <a
href="http://www.icimod.org/?q=1522">complete list of digests is
available</a>.<br>
Recession of Himalayan glaciers alarming: ISRO<br>
12 Jul 2017<br>
Analysis of satellite images have revealed an "alarming recession"
of glaciers in the Bhilangna basin of the Garhwal Himalayas from
1965, scientists at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
have said.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.icimod.org/?q=28197">http://www.icimod.org/?q=28197</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
news.com.au<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/backlash-against-doomsday-article-that-predicts-a-climate-change-induced-apocalypse/news-story/bf95087d2f7c5f7f9c198f7e59532927">Backlash
against doomsday article that predicts a climate change induced
apocalypse</a></b><br>
HUMANS boiled alive and "death smogs" are predicted for Earth. Some
scientists are scathing, others say it's spot on.<br>
AUSTRALIAN scientists have said a hugely controversial article that
predicts a climate change driven apocalypse is "scary" and
"embellished" but entirely plausible despite the extreme scenario
dividing climatologists worldwide.<br>
David Wallace-Wells' startling - and unashamedly doom ridden - essay
in New York magazine, entitled ' The Uninhabitable Earth ', has
ruffled feathers.<br>
"I promise, it is worse than you think," he says in the opening line
of the article published last week.<br>
Even if Australians manage to survive major cities being in
"permanent extreme drought" or poisonous sea "burps" it's likely
we'll be finished off by "rolling death smogs" or "perpetual war"
instead, the article states.<br>
Mr Wallace-Wells' piece has been heavily criticised. But not by the
climate sceptics - it's climate scientists who are up in arms,
claiming it is "irresponsible" and "alarmist".<br>
Respected climatologist Michael E Mann, director of the Earth System
Science Centre at Pennsylvania State University, has said the
"extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence … [and this]
article fails to produce it."<br>
Richard Betts, from the UK's University of Exeter told website
Climate Feedback,<br>
the Earth becoming uninhabitable within the timescale suggested was
"pure hyperbole."<br>
But Australian climate scientists news.com.au spoke to said while
some of the descriptions of the future earth were fanciful (one
called them "dramatised"), fanciful didn't mean they were false.<br>
"It's absolutely true these things could happen," said Dr Liz Hanna,
President of the Climate and Health Alliance and a researcher into
the health impacts of climate change at the Australian National
University (ANU).<br>
"It's alarming but not alarmist."<br>
Professor Will Steffen of the Climate Council of Australia said the
predictions were not from "ultra greenies" but were a sober
assessment of the societal collapse extreme climate change could
bring.<br>
Dr Hanna agreed the bleak future prophesied was more plausible.<br>
"Could parts of the world become uninhabitable? A definite yes.<br>
"Darwin is already problematic in the build-up and could become
problematic for everyone aside from extremophile for much of the
year."...<br>
Dr Hanna says she has little time for the argument that such
apocalyptic descriptions should be kept from the public.<br>
"Some say that people will be paralysed by fear, 'what can li'l old
me do about it?'<br>
"But if we tell people how grizzly it could become, it might not
lead to paralysis - it could jolt them into action," she said.<br>
"By the time people go 'shit we're in real trouble now,' it could be
too late."<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/backlash-against-doomsday-article-that-predicts-a-climate-change-induced-apocalypse/news-story/bf95087d2f7c5f7f9c198f7e59532927">http://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/backlash-against-doomsday-article-that-predicts-a-climate-change-induced-apocalypse/news-story/bf95087d2f7c5f7f9c198f7e59532927</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
Global Weather Hazards<br>
<b><a
href="http://www.fews.net/global/global-weather-hazards/july-14-2017">Continued
heavy rainfall causes flooding in Sudan and Nigeria</a></b><br>
About FEWS NET<br>
The Famine Early Warning Systems Network is a leading provider of
early warning and analysis on food insecurity. Created by USAID in
1985 to help decision-makers plan for humanitarian crises, FEWS NET
provides evidence-based analysis on some 34 countries<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.fews.net/global/global-weather-hazards/july-14-2017">http://www.fews.net/global/global-weather-hazards/july-14-2017</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/palaeontology/how-climate-change-strangled-a-jurassic-ocean-ecosystem">How
climate change strangled a Jurassic ocean ecosystem</a></b><br>
When a warming world depleted the ocean's supplies of oxygen,
extinctions followed and recovery took hundreds of thousands of
years.<br>
183 million years ago, oceans around the world started running low
on oxygen. Though the cause of what is called the Toarcian Oceanic
Anoxic Event (T-OAE) is uncertain - most likely global warming
triggered by huge volcanic eruptions – scientists do know it lasted
for several hundred thousand years and caused mass extinctions.<br>
In a paper published in the journal Palaeogeography,
Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, researchers have traced the
effects of the T-OAE in detail on a marine ecosystem at what is now
the Ya Ha Tinda Ranch fossil site in Alberta, Canada. It is of
interest to scientists because it demonstrates how different
ecosystems react to severe climate change.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/palaeontology/how-climate-change-strangled-a-jurassic-ocean-ecosystem">https://cosmosmagazine.com/palaeontology/how-climate-change-strangled-a-jurassic-ocean-ecosystem</a></font><br>
-more:<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/climate/oxygen-starved-oceans-can-take-a-million-years-to-recover">Oxygen-starved
oceans can take a million years to recover</a></b><br>
A new model may explain why an ancient crash in the ocean's oxygen
levels lasted a million years and led to almost another million
years of catastrophic fires, writes Andrew Masterson.<br>
Depleted oxygen levels - known as anoxia – continued for one million
years. When it returned to pre-crisis levels, it was accompanied by
an upsurge in forest fires, which lasted for around 800,000 years.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/climate/oxygen-starved-oceans-can-take-a-million-years-to-recover">https://cosmosmagazine.com/climate/oxygen-starved-oceans-can-take-a-million-years-to-recover</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-wildfires-one-map-20447">Everything
You Need to Know About Wildfires in One Map</a></b><br>
By Brian Kahn Published: June 15th, 2016<br>
Summer's heat is settling in early in parts of the West, and is
forecast to arrive in earnest this weekend. With sweltering days
ahead, the rising specter of wildfires isn't far behind.<br>
To get the big-picture, we've created a brand new wildfire tracker
that shows where every wildfire is burning with a side of climate.
(66 second video <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/dKPUWAx6M-M">https://youtu.be/dKPUWAx6M-M</a>)<br>
<b>WHY IT'S IMPORTANT</b><br>
U.S. forests sucked up approximately 250 million metric tons of
carbon in 2010, offsetting more than 15 percent of all of the
nation's carbon dioxide emissions. Wildfires threaten to turn
forests from a carbon sink into a source of emissions by releasing
that stored carbon into the atmosphere, something already happening
in California. Wildfires also have serious health consequences. From
2002-13, fires in the western U.S. routinely caused air quality to
be 5 to 15 times worse than normal in cities within 100 miles of
fires. Increasing fires also mean increasing costs to fight them.
The U.S. Forest Service and Department of the Interior together
spend $3.5 billion a year to fight fires, three times what they
spent in the 1990s, and a figure only expected to grow.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-wildfires-one-map-20447">http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-wildfires-one-map-20447</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://wxshift.com/climate-change/climate-indicators/us-wildfires">http://wxshift.com/climate-change/climate-indicators/us-wildfires</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/dKPUWAx6M-M">https://youtu.be/dKPUWAx6M-M</a><br>
</font><br>
<b><br>
</b><b> </b><b><a
href="http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/extreme-heat-global-warming">HOW
EXTREME HEAT COULD LEAVE SWATHS OF THE PLANET UNINHABITABLE</a></b><br>
<i>by William Langewiesche Vanity Fair<br>
Last year, in Kuwait, the earth's hottest recorded temperature
topped 129 degrees, a tie with Death Valley's sizzling 2013 high.
Recalling his own near-lethal brush with such temperatures - now
the leading cause of weather-related fatalities - Wunderground
blogger and recordkeeper extraordinaire, Christopher Burt
investigates how it could alter Earth forever:</i><br>
The human body sheds its internal heat and cools itself mostly
through perspiration and evaporation, but only up to a point. There
is no one temperature that defines the upper limit of safety,
because the critical measure depends on humidity, physical activity,
acclimatization, health, personal physiology, and-in war zones-such
necessities as body armor. I know from travels in North Africa and
the Middle East, as well as a week once spent in Yuma, Arizona, that
at 110 degrees merely breathing begins to hurt. If people drink
copiously, they can continue to function as long as the air is dry
and the nights cool off. At 120 degrees, it is a different matter.<br>
<b>heatstroke</b>-a rise in body temperature beyond 104 degrees,
leading to a life-threatening collapse of basic biophysical
functions that can take many forms. I was probably not much at risk,
because I was healthy and able to lie low, but there are no
guarantees. The human body is an elaborate heat exchanger,
constantly adjusting itself to maintain a narrow core temperature
between about 98 and 100 degrees by balancing heat gain with heat
loss through the skin. .... People die of the cold, but in the
modern world only because they fall into water or go driving off
into a blizzard without carrying adequate emergency supplies. Heat
waves are something else. As the air warms up, the skin's convective
heat-shedding capacity weakens and then reverses. Depending on the
level of internal heat being generated metabolically, there comes an
air temperature where evaporative cooling-sweating-can no longer
keep up, and body temperatures begin to climb out of control...<br>
The point at which this starts is largely dependent on humidity. In
the United States, the National Weather Service publishes a heat
index that takes humidity into account, producing "apparent
temperatures" as they are felt, and attaching four color-coded
warnings to them-caution, starting at 89 degrees; extreme caution,
10 degrees higher; danger, at 105 degrees; and extreme danger, at
130 degrees. In the danger zone, fatal or permanently debilitating
heatstroke is possible. In the extreme-danger zone, heatstroke is
likely no matter how you try to hide. And, again, these are apparent
temperatures, with humidity factored in. At a 120-degree dry-bulb
temperature, like that measured by an ordinary thermometer, you
enter the extreme-danger zone. Add in 25 percent humidity and the
apparent temperature becomes 138 degrees. When it comes to extreme
heat, you can no more escape the conditions than you can shed your
skin...<br>
<b>Beyond Help</b><br>
Here's how you succumb. First you recoil from the heat on a tarmac,
then you go into town and feel permanently hot. After sunset you go
to the roof of a hotel. You sweat a lot. In a dry desert climate
like that of Death Valley or the Sahara, the sweating feels more
like thirst than like moisture. You drink but don't feel less hot.
In humid heat, like that of New York or Chicago, the excess sweat
that drips from your chin does nothing to cool you. If you want to
survive, you try to find shade and sit out the worst. It does not
matter if you are bored and do not have a book to read. If you are
on a battlefield in body armor, or must labor in the heat so that
your family can eat, you may ignore your instincts, but you do so at
your peril. At some point the equilibrium between heating and
cooling breaks down-probably for the first time in your life-and
your core temperature begins to climb. This can happen within
minutes if you are physically active, but otherwise may take longer.
Hot nights are especially dangerous because relief matters and the
effects of heat are cumulative. Anyway, now you are in trouble....<br>
The first stage is known as heat exhaustion. You sweat profusely and
may feel some combination of weakness, nausea, headache, and
uneasiness-due mostly to dehydration. It is common for athletes,
soldiers, and farmworkers to go through this. If they rest in the
shade and drink plenty of fluids, preferably containing
electrolytes, they typically suffer no permanent consequences. On
the other hand, if you are already resting in the shade and
perspiration is not doing enough, you have already crossed the
Rubicon and will progress to the next stage. Water no longer
helps-your body has moved beyond its reach. Your mind is still
clear, but as your core temperature continues to rise the body
reacts by diverting increasing amounts of blood to the surface
capillaries, in a desperate search for the cooling that it craves.
Your skin may redden from the reaction. Robbed of sustaining blood
flow, vital organs and tissues begin to malfunction. A systemic
breakdown leading to permanent damage or death is about to occur.
This is the final stage-heatstroke. It typically occurs when your
temperature surpasses 104 degrees, though it can happen a bit
earlier or later depending on circumstances. One indication may be
that you simply stop sweating. Again, the diversion of blood flow
appears to lie at the root of the disaster, only now your organs are
not merely malfunctioning but being destroyed. Your liver, kidneys,
lungs, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, brain, and heart are all
under mortal attack. That same heart is racing, trying to circulate
your blood. As brain functions are affected, you are likely to
become confused, agitated, and possibly combative, before suffering
seizures and falling into a coma. Immediate medical intervention is
required to lower your temperature-either in an ice bath or by
powerful evaporative cooling-but you may have reached the point of
no return. With multiple failures occurring, and the entire
cardiovascular system under enormous stress, the specific path to
death depends on individual weaknesses. In many cases the end comes
with a heart attack.<br>
The global record appears to be held by Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, where
the air temperature in the shade was 108 degrees and the dew point
95 degrees on July 8, 2003, making for an apparent temperature of
176 degrees. Such conditions are not survivable for long. In 2010,
two climate-change researchers using computer modeling and
calculations of human cooling capacities predicted that large parts
of the earth may become uninhabitable during heat waves in future
centuries. The study was based on a scenario of rapid global warming
and was probably a bit shrill in its view of the consequences-mass
migrations and war-but the science was solid and easy to believe.
After all, large parts of the planet are already uninhabitable, at
least for some percentage of the population some percentage of the
time. And the heat waves are hitting harder, and coming more
frequently than ever before.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/extreme-heat-global-warming">http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/extreme-heat-global-warming</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/washington/18gore.html?fta=y">This
Day in Climate History July 17, 2008</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
July 17, 2008: In a speech at Constitution Hall in Washington,
D.C., Al Gore calls upon the United States to move away from fossil
fuels completely by 2018.<br>
Like a modern Jeremiah, Mr. Gore called down thunder to justify the
spending of trillions of dollars to remake the American power
system, a plan fraught with technological and political challenges
that goes far beyond the changes recently debated in Congress and by
world leaders.<br>
“The survival of the United States of America as we know it is at
risk,” he said in a midday speech to a friendly crowd of mostly
young supporters in Washington. “And even more — if more should be
required — the future of human civilization is at stake.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35jWlIknSFw">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35jWlIknSFw</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/washington/18gore.html?fta=y">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/18/washington/18gore.html?fta=y</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/YEuU42qijmo">http://youtu.be/YEuU42qijmo</a><br>
<br>
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