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<font size="+1"><i>August 13 , 2017<br>
<br>
</i></font><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://youtu.be/PBBa1dDJCyE">(2:11 video) The Shum Show:
The Path Ahead</a></b><i><br>
</i>As the last episode in the Shum Show series, Climate Central's
Greta Shum gives a "shummary" of what climate change will bring in
the future. Hurricane season is quickly approaching, new
technologies are around the corner, and environmental changes awaken
new appreciation for the world around us.<i><br>
</i><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/PBBa1dDJCyE">https://youtu.be/PBBa1dDJCyE</a><font
size="+1"><i><br>
<br>
</i></font> <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/12/scientists-discover-91-volcanos-antarctica">Scientists
discover 91 volcanoes below Antarctic ice sheet</a></b><br>
This is in addition to 47 already known about and eruption would
melt more ice in region affected by climate change<br>
Scientists have uncovered the largest volcanic region on Earth – two
kilometres below the surface of the vast ice sheet that covers west
Antarctica.<br>
The project, by Edinburgh University researchers, has revealed
almost 100 volcanoes – with the highest as tall as the Eiger, which
stands at almost 4,000 metres in Switzerland.<br>
Geologists say this huge region is likely to dwarf that of east
Africa's volcanic ridge, currently rated the densest concentration
of volcanoes in the world.<br>
"The most volcanism that is going in the world at present is in
regions that have only recently lost their glacier covering – after
the end of the last ice age. These places include Iceland and
Alaska.<br>
"Theory suggests that this is occurring because, without ice sheets
on top of them, there is a release of pressure on the regions'
volcanoes and they become more active."<br>
And this could happen in west Antarctica, where significant warming
in the region caused by climate change has begun to affect its ice
sheets. If they are reduced significantly, this could release
pressure on the volcanoes that lie below and lead to eruptions that
could further destabilise the ice sheets and enhance sea level rises
that are already affecting our oceans.<br>
"It is something we will have to watch closely," Bingham said.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/12/scientists-discover-91-volcanos-antarctica">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/12/scientists-discover-91-volcanos-antarctica</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://weather.com/science/environment/news/trump-team-climate-change-global-warming">Here's
What Trump's Team Has Gotten Wrong About Climate Change So Far</a></b><br>
The Weather Channel <span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe
UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica
Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal;
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-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">By</span><span
style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
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normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
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widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"><span> </span></span><span
style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; color:
rgb(160, 160, 160); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Pam Wright</span><br>
Trump and other officials share a skepticism about climate change
and try to suppress or debunk the consensus of scientists that
climate change is real and human-caused.<br>
The science overwhelmingly concludes that Earth is warming and will
continue to do so, as shown in two new federal reports this week.<br>
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">THE
FACTS:</strong> The Nobel Prize-winning <a
href="http://www.ipcc.ch/" target="_blank" style="box-sizing:
border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(57, 57, 57);
text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142,
210);" moz-do-not-send="true">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change</a><span> </span>says scientific evidence for warming of
the climate system is unequivocal.<br style="box-sizing:
border-box;">
"Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals
show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate
scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are
extremely likely due to human activities,"<span> </span><a
href="https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/"
target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color:
transparent; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210);">according to NASA</a>.
"In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide
have issued public statements endorsing this position."<br>
These include scientists from Pruitt's own agency.<br>
Scientists from 16 professional groups led by the American
Association for the Advancement of Science have sent<a
href="http://www.geosociety.org/documents/gsa/policy/letters/2017/1707-EPA_JointLetter.pdf"
target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color:
transparent; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210);"> a letter to Pruitt</a><span> </span>reminding
him that there already are "debates that happen on a regular basis
in every scientific discipline."<br>
"Indeed, science is a multi-dimensional, competitive 'red team/blue
team' process whereby scientists and scientific teams are constantly
challenging one another's findings for robustness," the letter read.
"The current scientific understanding of climate change is based on
decades of such work, along with overarching, carefully evaluated
assessments within the United States and internationally."<br>
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; color:
rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial;">THE FACTS:</strong><span style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe
UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica
Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> There is
little evidence upon which Pruitt can base this claim. Pruitt's
own agency, the EPA,<span> </span></span><a
href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/greenhouse-gases"
target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">says</a><span style="color:
rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;">: "Greenhouse gases from human
activities are the most significant driver of observed climate
change since the mid-20</span><sup style="box-sizing: border-box;
font-size: 9.6px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">th</sup><span
style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"> century" and "Carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub
style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(57, 57, 57);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe
UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica
Neue", sans-serif; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial;">2</sub><span style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">) is the
primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities,"<span> </span></span><a
href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases"
target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">according to the EPA's website</a><span
style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;">.</span><strong style="box-sizing:
border-box; font-weight: bolder;">THE FACTS:</strong> The NCA
report says "it is extremely likely that human influence has been
the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th
century. For the warming over the last century, there is no
convincing alternative explanation supported by the extent of the
observational evidence."<br>
The <a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/" target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent;
color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 2px
solid rgb(60, 142, 210);">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change</a><span> </span>says confidence was "very high" that
nearly three-quarters of the energy that was needed to warm the
planet from pre-Industrial age levels come from carbon dioxide
released into the atmosphere by human activities.<br>
"The global annual average atmospheric CO2 concentration was 402.9
parts per million (ppm), which surpassed 400 ppm for the first time
in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records
dating back as far as 800,000 years. This was 3.5 ppm more than
2015, and it was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year
record."<br>
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder; color:
rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial;">THE FACTS:</strong><span style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe
UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica
Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> A slew of
agencies, including </span><a
href="https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/" style="box-sizing:
border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(57,
57, 57); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60,
142, 210); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">NASA</a><span
style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"> , the </span><a
href="https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators" style="box-sizing:
border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(57,
57, 57); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60,
142, 210); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">EPA,</a><span
style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"> the </span><a
href="http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/events/a-discussion-on-climate-change-evidence-and-causes/"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">National</a><span style="color:
rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"> Academy of Sciences, along with many
other scientific </span><a
href="https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/about-ams/ams-statements/statements-of-the-ams-in-force/climate-change/"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">organizations</a><span
style="color: rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans,
Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;">, say that is false. The American
Institute of Physics created a<span> </span></span><a
href="https://history.aip.org/climate/timeline.htm"
target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210); font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto,
Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Helvetica Neue",
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">timeline</a><span style="color:
rgb(57, 57, 57); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
"Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell,
"Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;
font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing:
normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"><span> </span>that shows that the first
inklings of global warming date back to 1896.</span><br>
<strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">THE
FACTS:</strong>Pruitt<span> </span><a
href="https://thinkprogress.org/pruitt-cites-bret-stephens-d7d3e94dc952/"
target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color:
transparent; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none;
border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(60, 142, 210);">misquoted Stephens</a><span> </span>and failed
to mention that Stephens said global warming is "indisputable."<br>
While a 0.85 degree Celsius may seem modest, <a
href="http://climate-institute.webstarts.com/uploads/Natural_systems_climate_change_Field_Nature_2013.pdf"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent;
color: rgb(57, 57, 57); text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 2px
solid rgb(60, 142, 210);">studies</a> indicate that it is
unprecedented in the history of the earth. On a global scale that
"modest" amount of warming has resulted in extreme weather such as
heat waves and giant downpours, melting glaciers, disappearing snow
cover, shrinking sea ice, rising seas and increasing human health
issues, according to the draft CNA report. <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://weather.com/science/environment/news/trump-team-climate-change-global-warming">https://weather.com/science/environment/news/trump-team-climate-change-global-warming</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40899188">Anger
over 'untrue' climate change claims</a></b><br>
By Matt McGrath<br>
Environment correspondent<br>
Scientists have responded furiously to claims about climate change
made in a live BBC radio interview.<br>
Experts told BBC News that the assertions made by former Chancellor
Nigel Lawson on Radio 4's Today programme were simply untrue.<br>
Lord Lawson had claimed that global temperatures had "slightly
declined" over the past 10 years.<br>
However, scientists working in the field said the records showed the
complete opposite to be the case.<br>
BBC Radio 4's Today programme defended its decision to interview
Lord Lawson on Thursday morning in a segment on climate change. The
BBC argued that it had a duty to inform listeners about all sides of
a debate.<br>
Fellow physicist and broadcaster Jim al-Khalili tweeted: "For
@BBCr4today to bring on Lord Lawson 'in the name of balance' on
climate change is both ignorant and irresponsible. Shame on you."<br>
He added: "There should be NO debate anymore about climate change.
We (the world minus Trump/Lawson et al) have moved on."<br>
In a statement, the BBC said: "The BBC's role is to hear different
views so listeners are informed about all sides of debate and we are
required to ensure controversial subjects are treated with due
impartiality."<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40899188">http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40899188</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-08-winter-storm-resilience-climate.html#jCp"><br>
Analyzing winter storm risk and resilience in a changing climate</a></b><br>
August 9, 2017 by Adrienne Kenyon<br>
The northeastern United States, marked by dense population centers
and extensive infrastructure, is at particular risk for both
physical and economic effects of climate hazards, including sea
level rise and extreme weather events. While we tend to think of
extreme weather largely in terms of tropical cyclones like
Superstorm Sandy, the Northeast is also prone to extratropical
cyclones – winter storms – the effects of which are understudied
despite costing millions of dollars in damages every year and having
the potential for increased risks as the climate changes. "The costs
of a winter storm are often less severe than those of a hurricane,
but they occur more frequently and over time their compounding
impacts can result in high damages because you'll see several events
through the season," explains Cari Shimkus, program manager at the
Earth Institute's Undergraduate Program in Sustainable Development
and lead author of a new paper examining hazards and damages
resulting from winter storms in New York, New Jersey and
Connecticut.<br>
The paper, published in the Annals of the New York Academy of
Science, analyzes storms from 2001 – 2014, evaluating storm
intensity based on four metrics – wind, precipitation, storm tide
and snow depth – to categorize storms by hazard type and devise a
list of the 20 strongest storms during that period. Correlating
those with available data on financial losses caused by impacts such
as flooding, wind damage and snow inundation, the authors aim to
inform how communities can better assess their risks, prepare for
winter storms and enhance their resiliency as the effects of climate
change exacerbate hazards.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2017-08-winter-storm-resilience-climate.html#jCp">https://phys.org/news/2017-08-winter-storm-resilience-climate.html#jCp</a><br>
<br>
<b><br>
Zack Labe (@ZLabe)<br>
Intense (and quite cold) #Arctic cyclone down to 974 hPa this
morning<br>
[from @arcticio at arctic.io] pic.twitter.com/iKv8XuHqDX<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/overlay=temp/orthographic=325.64,84.68,474">https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/overlay=temp/orthographic=325.64,84.68,474</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-worst-case-scenario-bill-mckibben-2017-8">
The planet's worst-case climate scenario: 'If not hell then a
place with a similar temperature'</a></b><br>
Kevin Loria <br>
- If we don't cut greenhouse gas emissions, we'll see more deadly
heat waves, acidic oceans, and rising seas.<br>
- At this point, the planet will warm no matter what - but we can
still prevent it from getting too bad.<br>
- Environmentalist and author Bill McKibben told Business Insider
that without intervention, the world would be: "If not hell, then a
place with a similar temperature."<br>
The world is almost certainly going to warm past what's frequently
considered a critical tipping point.<br>
A <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-earth-two-degrees-warming-2100-new-studies-2017-7">recent
study pointed out</a> that we have just a 5% chance of keeping the
planet from warming more than 2 degrees Celsius, the upper limit the
Paris Agreement was designed to avoid. Beyond that threshold, many
researchers say the effects of climate change - like rising sea
levels, ocean acidification, and intense storms - will become
significantly more concerning.<br>
But how bad could it really get? What would the planet look like if
we don't cut emissions and instead keep burning fossil fuels at the
rate we are now?<br>
Business Insider recently asked author and environmentalist Bill
McKibben that question, and his description of what Earth would look
like was sobering.<br>
"If not hell, then a place with a similar temperature," he said. "We
have in the Earth's geological record some sense of what happens
when you run carbon levels up to the levels we're running them now -
it gets a lot hotter."<br>
Extreme as that might sound, there's significant evidence that we're
feeling the effects of climate change already. Unchecked, the planet
will get far hotter by 2100 - a time that many children alive today
will see.<br>
"Huge swaths of the world will be living in places that by the end
of the century will have heat waves so deep that people won't be
able to deal with them, you have sea level rising dramatically, to
the point that most of the world's cities are drowning, the ocean
turning into a hot, sour, breathless soup as it acidifies and
warms," McKibben said.<br>
None of that is exaggeration. A recent study in the journal Nature
Climate Change found that 30% of the world is already exposed to
heat intense enough to kill people for 20 or more days each year.
That temperature is defined using a heat index that takes into
account temperature and humidity; above 104 degrees Farenheit (40
degrees C ), organs swell and cells start to break down. <br>
Heat waves are the deadliest weather events most years , more so
than hurricanes or tornadoes. In 2010, more than 10,000 people did
in a Moscow heat wave. In 2003, some estimates say a European summer
heat wave killed up to 70,000.<br>
Even if we drastically cut emissions by 2100, the world will
continue to warm due to the greenhouse gases that have already been
emitted. That would cause the percentage of the world exposed to
deadly heat for 20 or more days to rise to 48%. Under a scenario
with zero emissions reductions from today, researchers estimate that
74% of the world will be exposed to deadly heat by the end of the
century.<br>
Our oceans are at risk, too. A draft of an upcoming US government
report on climate change projects that even if emissions are cut to
hit zero by 2080, we'll still see between one and four feet of sea
level rise by 2100. Without the cuts, it suggests that an eight-foot
rise can't be ruled out. That report also suggests that oceans are
becoming more acidic faster than they have at any point in the last
66 million years. Increased acidity can devastate marine life and
coral reefs, which cover less than 2% of the ocean floor but are
relied upon by about 25% of marine species - including many fish
that are key food sources for humans.<br>
The key takeaway here is not that the world is doomed, however. It's
that if we don't dramatically cut emissions soon, we'll put the
planet on course to be a much less pleasant place.<br>
In some ways, progress towards emissions reductions is already
underway. Market trends are increasing use of renewable energy
sources, political movements are pushing leaders to enact new types
of policies, and legal challenges to government inaction on climate
are popping up around the world. The question is whether we'll act
fast enough to stave off the most dire consequences of greenhouse
gas emissions.<br>
"In order to catch up with the physics of climate change, we have to
go at an exponential rate," McKibben said. "It's not as if this was
a static problem. If we don't get to it very soon, we'll never get
to it."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-worst-case-scenario-bill-mckibben-2017-8">http://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-worst-case-scenario-bill-mckibben-2017-8</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2017/aug/11/the-year-trump-was-elected-was-so-hot-it-was-1-in-a-million">The
year Trump was elected was so hot, it was one-in-a-million</a></b><br>
The odds of 2014, 2015, and 2016 naturally being as hot as they were
are about the same as the odds you'll be struck by lightning this
year<br>
2014, 2015, and 2016 each broke the global temperature record. A new
study led by climate scientist Michael Mann just published in
Geophysical Research Letters used climate model simulations to
examine the odds that these records would have been set in a world
with and without human-caused global warming. In model simulations
without a human climate influence, the authors concluded:<br>
There's a one-in-a-million chance that 2014, 2015, and 2016 would
each have been as hot as they were if only natural factors were at
play.<br>
There's a one-in-10,000 chance that 2014, 2015, and 2016 would all
have been record-breaking hot years.<br>
There's a less than 0.5% chance of three consecutive record-breaking
years happening at any time since 2000.<br>
There's a 0.1%–0.2% chance of 2016 being the hottest on record.<br>
To put those numbers in perspective, you have about a one-in-3,000
(0.03%) chance of being struck by lightning in your lifetime. You
have about as much chance of being struck by lightning this year as
2014, 2015, and 2016 each being as hot as they were due solely to
natural effects. That means denying human-caused global warming is
like planning to be struck by lightning three years in a row.
Perhaps a tinfoil hat will help.<br>
On the other hand, in model simulations accounting for human-caused
global warming, the odds of these events goes up substantially:<br>
There's a 1–3% chance that 2014, 2015, and 2016 would each have been
record-breaking hot years.<br>
There's a 6–12% chance that 2014, 2015, and 2016 would be the three
hottest years on record.<br>
There's a 30–50% chance of three consecutive record-breaking years
happening at any time since 2000.<br>
There's a 20–27% chance of 2016 being the hottest on record.<br>
It's unusual to have three consecutive record-breaking years even
with the aid of global warming, but without the human climate
influence, it simply wouldn't happen....<br>
It's understandable that climate scientists would worry about the
possibility that the Trump administration would censor their
findings. Not only has the administration denied this
politically-inconvenient science, but the Republican Party has a
history of censoring climate science research. That's what the
George W Bush administration did just a decade ago. And the Trump
administration has been telling government scientists not to use the
phrase "climate change" and deleting climate science information
from government websites.<br>
That's the problem we now face. It's not one that physical
scientists can solve – at least not without the aid of social
science research. We've had enough evidence telling us about the
need to act on climate change for decades. More evidence won't
convince people; we now have to figure out the best ways to
communicate it, as climate scientists like Katharine Hayhoe are
learning:<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2017/aug/11/the-year-trump-was-elected-was-so-hot-it-was-1-in-a-million">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2017/aug/11/the-year-trump-was-elected-was-so-hot-it-was-1-in-a-million</a></font><br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMJKkweZN6w">(video)
Climate Change: Faith and Fact - Katharine Hayhoe</a></b><br>
Moyers & Company<br>
Published on Sep 12, 2014<br>
Christian and climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe talks to Bill about
ending the gridlock between politics, science and faith. <br>
See more: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://bit.ly/XQxxzy">http://bit.ly/XQxxzy</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMJKkweZN6w">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMJKkweZN6w</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB125011380094927137">This
Day in Climate History August 13, 2009</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
August 13, 2009: The Wall Street Journal reports that Thomas
Crocker, the economist who helped to develop the concept of
cap-and-trade, opposes his own concept as a means of tackling carbon
pollution, and supports a federal carbon tax instead.<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB125011380094927137">Cap-and-Trade's
Unlikely Critics: Its Creators</a><br>
Economists Behind Original Concept Question the System's Large-Scale
Usefulness, and Recommend Emissions Taxes Instead<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB125011380094927137">http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB125011380094927137</a> <br>
<br>
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