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<font size="+1"><i>August 24, 2017</i></font><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://theconversation.com/why-is-climate-changes-2-degrees-celsius-of-warming-limit-so-important-82058"><br>
<b>Why is climate change's 2 degrees Celsius of warming limit so
important?</b><br>
</a>Perhaps the most powerful aspect about the 2degreeC threshold is
not its scientific veracity, but its simplicity as an organizing
principle.<br>
The climate system is vast and has more dynamics, parameters and
variations in space and time than is possible to quickly and simply
convey. What the 2degreeC threshold lacks in nuance and depth, it
more than makes up as a goal that is understandable, measurable and
may still be achievable, although our actions will need to change
quickly. Goals and goal-setting are very powerful instruments in
effecting change.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://theconversation.com/why-is-climate-changes-2-degrees-celsius-of-warming-limit-so-important-82058">http://theconversation.com/why-is-climate-changes-2-degrees-celsius-of-warming-limit-so-important-82058</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/business-corporations-climate-change-21712">Can
Business Save the World from Climate Change?</a></b><br>
"We are still in." On June 5, 2017, with these four words a group of
U.S. businesses and investors with a combined annual revenue of $1.4
trillion sent a powerful message to the world: U.S. president Donald
Trump may have withdrawn from the Paris agreement on climate change
four days earlier, but corporate America was not following suit.<br>
"We Are Still In" launched with more than 20 Fortune 500 companies
on board, including Google, Apple, Nike and Microsoft, as well as a
host of smaller companies. <br>
We Mean Business is a global coalition of many of the same NGOs that
initiated We Are Still In — CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure
Project), The B Team, The Climate Group, and others — and the two
initiatives are closely connected. We Mean Business's role is to
provide a framework for corporate commitments on climate change and
a platform from which to make those commitments public.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/business-corporations-climate-change-21712">http://www.climatecentral.org/news/business-corporations-climate-change-21712</a><br>
<br>
<br>
B.C. wildfires map 2017: Current location of wildfires around the
province<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://globalnews.ca/news/3585284/b-c-wildfires-map-2017-current-location-of-wildfires-around-the-province/">B.C.
remains under a state of emergency as 138 wildfires continue to
burn across the province.</a></b> <br>
This season is now B.C.'s worst fire season in history and it is far
from over.<br>
Approximately 4,400 British Columbians remain out of their homes and
about 21,000 remain on evacuation alert.<br>
In addition, the provincial state of emergency has now been extended
until Sept. 1.<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=a1e7b1ecb1514974a9ca00bdbfffa3b1">(Current
Map) BC Wildfire Service | Active Wildfires</a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=a1e7b1ecb1514974a9ca00bdbfffa3b1">http://governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=a1e7b1ecb1514974a9ca00bdbfffa3b1</a><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://infotel.ca/newsitem/map-shows-historical-comparison-of-bc-wildfire-seasons/it45435">Map
shows historical comparison of B.C. wildfire seasons</a><br>
Lightship Works, based out of Kamloops, has developed a map with
different layers, detailing the impacts of the 2017 wildfire season
in comparison to other major wildfire seasons like 1958, 1922, and
2003.<br>
So far more than one-million hectares <i>(about 2.5 million acres
or 3,800 square miles) </i>has been scorched in the province,
compared to more than 861,000 hectares in 1958, the previous record
year for the amount of land burned.<br>
The <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://emergency-maps.lightship.works/#/map/vHJGzBFIShqqPPRimUmS7Q/details">map
shows the large sections</a> that have been burned in the Interior
this wildfire season, one of the most notable blazes being the
Elephant Hill fire near Ashcroft and the Plateau fire in the
Cariboo.<br>
More than 670,000 hectares burned in 1922, and more than 233,000
hectares burned in 2003. In 2003, more than 2,400 fires burned
across the province and destroyed dozens of homes. In Barriere
alone, 72 homes were lost to wildfire.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://infotel.ca/newsitem/map-shows-historical-comparison-of-bc-wildfire-seasons/it45435">http://infotel.ca/newsitem/map-shows-historical-comparison-of-bc-wildfire-seasons/it45435</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/10/alaska-coastal-towns-sea-level-rise-climate-change">Alaskan
towns at risk from rising seas sound alarm as Trump pulls
federal help </a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="http://www.theguardian.com">www.theguardian.com</a><br>
Communities in danger of falling into the sea say assistance from
Washington has dried up: 'It feels like a complete abdication of
responsibility on climate change'<br>
The US government's withdrawal from dealing with, or even
acknowledging, climate change may have provoked widespread
opprobrium, but for Alaskan communities at risk of toppling into the
sea, the risks are rather more personal.<br>
The Trump administration has moved to dismantle climate adaptation
programs including the Denali Commission, an Anchorage-based agency
that is crafting a plan to safeguard or relocate dozens of towns at
risk from rising sea levels, storms and the winnowing away of sea
ice.<br>
Federal assistance for these towns has been ponderous but could now
grind to a halt, with even those working on the issue seemingly
targeted by the administration. In July, Joel Clement, an interior
department official who worked with Alaskan communities on climate
adaptation, claimed he had been moved to a completely unrelated
position because of the administration's ideological hostility to
the issue.<br>
"We were getting down to the brass tacks of relocation [of towns at
risk] and now work has just stopped," Clement told the Guardian. He
has lodged an official complaint over his reassignment.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/10/alaska-coastal-towns-sea-level-rise-climate-change">https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/10/alaska-coastal-towns-sea-level-rise-climate-change</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
(video)<b> </b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/climate/100000005342825/when-alaskas-permafrost-isnt-permanent.html?">When
permafrost isn't permanent.</a></b><br>
In today's 360 video, travel to Alaska, where scientists are trying
to determine how much greenhouse gas could be released if rising
temperatures cause the permafrost to thaw. <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/climate/100000005342825/when-alaskas-permafrost-isnt-permanent.html">https://www.nytimes.com/video/climate/100000005342825/when-alaskas-permafrost-isnt-permanent.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/23/this-is-why-when-you-talk-about-climate-change-you-cant-ignore-agriculture/?utm_term=.bd73d1310dcf">This
is why when you talk about climate change, you can't ignore
agriculture</a></b><br>
By Chelsea Harvey August 23 at 10:25 AM<br>
"We have known that extensive agricultural practices are responsible
for depleting soil carbon stocks, but the full extent of these
carbon losses has been elusive," <br>
The model suggested that agricultural changes are responsible for
the loss of a total of 133 petagrams, or 133 billion metric tons, of
carbon from the top six-foot-deep layer of soil all over the world.
The most intense losses per unit of land have been caused by the
planting of crops — however, more land worldwide is devoted to
grazing livestock than cropping. As a result, the study suggests
that cropping and grazing are responsible for roughly equal shares
of global soil carbon losses.<br>
Overall, the researchers suggest that with modified agricultural
practices — which could include everything from more efficient crop
rotation strategies to changes in the way land is plowed and tilled
— we could realistically regain anywhere from 8 billion to 28
billion tons of the carbon that's been lost.<br>
And in the meantime, the study sheds some new light on our current
climate situation, suggesting that human land use was likely a much
more significant factor in the carbon emissions warming our planet
than previously thought.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/23/this-is-why-when-you-talk-about-climate-change-you-cant-ignore-agriculture/?utm_term=.bd73d1310dcf">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/08/23/this-is-why-when-you-talk-about-climate-change-you-cant-ignore-agriculture/?utm_term=.bd73d1310dcf</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/23/us-government-agency-climate-change-references-removed-again">Another
US agency deletes references to climate change on government
website</a></b><br>
The term 'climate change' was changed to simply 'climate' on website
of the National Institutes of Health, the world's leading public
health research body<br>
The National Institutes of Health deleted multiple references to
climate change on its website over the summer, continuing a trend
that began when the Trump administration took charge of the dot.gov
domain.<br>
The changes were first outlined in a report by the Environmental
Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI), which has been using
volunteers to track changes to roughly 25,000 pages across multiple
government agencies since Trump took office. EDGI counted five
instances in which the term "climate change" was changed to simply
"climate" on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) site.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/23/us-government-agency-climate-change-references-removed-again">https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/23/us-government-agency-climate-change-references-removed-again</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><br>
</b><b><a
href="https://thinkprogress.org/global-warming-now-twice-as-fast-over-land-than-the-ocean-nasa-chart-shows-52b4afe01345/">Stunning
NASA chart shows how fast the ground beneath our feet is heating
up</a></b><br>
The land is warming twice as fast as the oceans … too bad we live on
the land<br>
Global temperatures are rising faster on the land, where we live,
than the oceans, where we don't, NASA charts reveal. Since
scientists have long predicted this trend and say it will continue,
it's worth a closer look.<br>
Finally, you may be wondering why temperatures over the land are
warming so much faster than temperatures over the ocean. Part of the
reason is that the heat capacity of the ocean is so much greater
than that of the land so its initial temperature response to warming
is slower. As one explainer put it, "Think of the hot sand and cool
water at the beach in the summer." This is also why the ocean stores
more than 90 percent of all of the excess heat from global warming.<br>
Part of the reason the ocean warms more slowly is that much of the
heating of the ocean goes into evaporation. But the land,
particularly the drier parts of the planet, don't have much moisture
to evaporate–so much more of the global warming goes directly into
temperature rise....<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://thinkprogress.org/global-warming-now-twice-as-fast-over-land-than-the-ocean-nasa-chart-shows-52b4afe01345/">https://thinkprogress.org/global-warming-now-twice-as-fast-over-land-than-the-ocean-nasa-chart-shows-52b4afe01345/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2017/08/23/exxon-climate-science-naomi-oreskes/">
<b>Exxon Changed Its Tune on Climate Science, Depending on
Audience, Study Shows</b></a><br>
A peer-reviewed analysis of 37 years of communications from
ExxonMobil concluded that the oil company has misled the public for
decades about climate science and climate change. When their
communications were aimed at the public and non-scientific
audiences, they focused on doubt and uncertainty. At the same time,
the company's internal communications and peer-reviewed science
broadly agreed with the scientific consensus that fossil fuel
burning is warming the planet.<br>
"Available documents show a systematic discrepancy between what
ExxonMobil's scientists and executives discussed about climate
change privately and in academic circles and what it presented to
the general public," the study concluded. It was researched and
written by Harvard professor Naomi Oreskes and Geoffrey Supran, a
postdoctoral fellow in Harvard's Department of the History of
Science...<br>
Danielle Fugere, president of the nonprofit As You Sow, which works
to promote corporate social responsibility, said Exxon's true colors
show through in the report.<br>
"This analysis, while not surprising, highlights a deeply troubling
disregard for the public good," Fugere said. "We have seen this
story play out before—from asbestos, to lead, to cigarettes, naming
just a few—plausible deniability in the face of clear science has
been used time and again by companies and industries to delay
protective action. What is constantly surprising is that government
leaders and agencies fall for it every time."<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2017/08/23/exxon-climate-science-naomi-oreskes/">https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2017/08/23/exxon-climate-science-naomi-oreskes/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://bcove.me/m6l1g7no">Video
Abstract: Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications </a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://bcove.me/m6l1g7no">http://bcove.me/m6l1g7no</a><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://climatenexus.org">Analysis
Confirms</a> #ExxonKnew:<b> ExxonMobil misled the public on what
it knew about climate change and its link to fossil fuels, </b>according
to a groundbreaking new analysis of the company's internal and
external communications. In a study published Tuesday in the journal
Environmental Research Letters, Harvard postdoctoral fellow Geoffrey
Supran and professor Naomi Oreskes review nearly 200 communications
on climate change from the oil giant, including scientific research,
internal company memos, and paid editorial features in the New York
Times. The analysis shows a "quantifiable discrepancy" between
internal and external communications, with 81 percent of external
advertisements casting doubt on the link between human activity and
climate change despite 80 percent of internal communications
acknowledging climate science. "Even while Exxon Mobil scientists
were contributing to climate science and writing reports that
explained it to their bosses, the company was paying for
advertisements that told a very different tale," Supran and Oreskes
write in a New York Times op-ed on the study.<span
style="font-family:helvetica
neue,helvetica,arial,verdana,sans-serif">(<a
href="http://climatenexus.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d1f5797e59060083034310930&id=93cefcc1d4&e=95b355344d"
target="_blank" style="word-wrap:
break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color: #709ab9;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:
underline;">InsideClimate News</a>, <a
href="http://climatenexus.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=d1f5797e59060083034310930&id=3a46c6434e&e=95b355344d"
target="_blank" style="word-wrap:
break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color: #709ab9;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:
underline;">Mother Jones</a>, <a
href="http://climatenexus.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=d1f5797e59060083034310930&id=f950bd1269&e=95b355344d"
target="_blank" style="word-wrap:
break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color: #709ab9;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:
underline;">Climate Liability News</a>. Commentary: <a
href="http://climatenexus.us4.list-manage.com/track/click?u=d1f5797e59060083034310930&id=751a1974fb&e=95b355344d"
target="_blank" style="word-wrap:
break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color: #709ab9;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:
underline;">New York Times, Geoffrey Supran and Naomi Oreskes
op-ed</a> $, <a
href="http://climatenexus.us4.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=d1f5797e59060083034310930&id=df3316d043&e=95b355344d"
target="_blank" style="word-wrap:
break-word;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color: #709ab9;font-weight: normal;text-decoration:
underline;">LA Times, Michael Hiltzik column</a> $)</span><br>
- also:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://twitter.com/GeoffreySupran/status/900179538839252993">https://twitter.com/GeoffreySupran/status/900179538839252993</a><br>
..."new peer-reviewed study shows Exxon misled the public on climate
change." <br>
"Today, Naomi Oreskes and I are publishing a peer-reviewed study in
the journal Environmental Research Letters, in which we've studied
Exxon's 40 year history of climate change communication. Our press
release summarising our findings is below. The (open-access)
publication itself ...here: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f">http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f</a>
or <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://bit.ly/ExxonPaper">bit.ly/ExxonPaper</a><br>
Naomi and I describe our work in <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-change-.html">an
op-ed in the NY Times here</a>."<br>
<a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-change-.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=opinion-c-col-right-region®ion=opinion-c-col-right-region&WT.nav=opinion-c-col-right-region"
target="_blank"
data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-change-.html?action%3Dclick%26pgtype%3DHomepage%26clickSource%3Dstory-heading%26module%3Dopinion-c-col-right-region%26region%3Dopinion-c-col-right-region%26WT.nav%3Dopinion-c-col-right-region&source=gmail&ust=1503549616022000&usg=AFQjCNFCWC2HDYHAqLEdnpzeAws6BtX5Vg"
style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-family: arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
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text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/<wbr>08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-<wbr>change-.html</a><br>
<b>(Press Release) Exxon misled the public about climate change,
Harvard study shows</b><br>
"On the question of whether ExxonMobil misled non-scientific
audiences about climate science, our analysis supports the
conclusion that it did," says the academic study published today by
Dr. Geoffrey Supran and Dr. Naomi Oreskes in the journal
Environmental Research Letters. [Link to paper: <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f">http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f</a>
or bit.ly/ExxonPaper. Paper published online at this address at
02:00 AM ET August 23, 2017].<br>
The year-long study is an expansive, quantitative, independent
corroboration of the findings of investigative journalists, who
ExxonMobil have accused of using "deliberately cherry-picked
statements." This latest work goes further, showing both that
ExxonMobil knew about the basic realities of climate change decades
ago, and that the company simultaneously communicated positions that
were at odds with this knowledge to the general public.<br>
In short, the paper finds, "ExxonMobil contributed quietly to the
science and loudly to raising doubts about it." The company's
academic publications had an average readership of tens to hundreds,
whereas advertorial readerships were likely in the millions. <br>
Other interesting findings of the analysis<br>
Most of ExxonMobil's climate science has been spearheaded by one
person. <br>
"In 1986, scientist Haroon Kheshgi joined ER&E [Exxon Research
and Engineering], and was henceforth ExxonMobil's principal (and
only consistent) academic author, co-authoring 72% (52/72) of all
analyzed peer-reviewed work (79% since his hiring). Indeed, the
metadata title of the "Exxon Mobil Contributed Publications" file is
"Haroon's CV."" (See section 4.1.1 of paper for details.)<br>
The Harvard study finds that "ExxonMobil's advertorials included
several instances of explicit factual misrepresentation."<br>
For example, "...an ExxonMobil advertorial in 2000 directly
contradicted the IPCC and presented "very misleading" data,
according to the scientist who produced the data." (See section
3.1.5 of paper for details.)<br>
Advertorials were part of an ExxonMobil climate change
communication plan<br>
"Mobil/ExxonMobil bought AGW advertorials in the NYT specifically to
allow "the public to know where we stand." Readerships were likely
in the millions. The company took out an advertorial every Thursday
between 1972 and 2001. They paid a discounted price of roughly
$31,000 (2016 USD) per advertorial and bought one-quarter of all
advertorials on the Op-Ed page, "towering over the other sponsors"
according to reviews of Mobil's advertorials by Brown, Waltzer, and
Waltzer." (See section 4 of paper for details.)<br>
ExxonMobil's early estimates of the "carbon budget" — which
implies risks of stranded fossil fuel assets, many have argued —
"are within a factor of two of contemporary estimates." (See section
3.4.2 of paper for details.)<br>
- also from the NYTimes:<br>
<b><a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-change-.html?mcubz=0">What
Exxon Mobil Didn't Say About Climate Change</a></b><br>
Scrutiny is mounting on the world's largest publicly traded oil and
gas company. On multiple legal fronts the question is being asked:
Did Exxon Mobil's communications about climate change break the law?<br>
That's what some of Exxon Mobil's current and former employees
think. In February, they filed a lawsuit arguing that the company
deceived them by making false and misleading statements about the
financial risks of climate change, which they argue affected the
value of shares they bought as part of a company-sponsored savings
plan. Other Exxon Mobil shareholders are bringing similar charges
against the company in a separate class-action securities fraud
case.<br>
<a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-change-.html?mcubz=0">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/opinion/exxon-climate-change-.html?mcubz=0</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41014093">
'Hero' of Paris climate agreement dies</a></b><br>
By Matt McGrath<br>
Former Marshall Islands foreign minister Tony De Brum, who played a
key role in securing the Paris climate pact has passed away aged 72.<br>
At countless UN climate meetings, Mr De Brum was a passionate
champion of the rights of small island states.<br>
He was instrumental in securing the "high ambition coalition" of
rich and poor countries that was pivotal to a deal in the French
capital.<br>
Mr De Brum died at his home in Majuro, the capital of the Marshall
Islands.<br>
In the Paris climate negotiations, his warm, personal and relaxed
style was very much in contrast to the stiffer, greyer faces of some
teams.<br>
He used his charm to build strong personal relationships with many
of the political leaders from rich and poor countries alike.<br>
This helped create the "coalition of high ambition," a group that
ultimately involved around 100 nations, including the US, the EU,
African, Caribbean and island states.<br>
This alliance of rich and poor proved critical in pushing the deal
through.<br>
The biggest win from Mr De Brum's perspective, was that the Paris
agreement committed to the goal of keeping global temperature
increases close to 1.5C - "1.5 to stay alive," was a phrase often
used by Mr De Brum.<br>
Tributes to the former minister have been led by the Marshall
Islands' President Hilda Heine.<br>
"The very existence of the Paris Climate Agreement owes a lot to
Tony De Brum," she wrote in a statement.<br>
"He was a giant of history, a legend in every meaning of the world
and a custodian of our shared future."<br>
<font color="#666666"><span class="moz-txt-link-freetext"><a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41014093">http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41014093</a></span></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/nyregion/24air.html">This
Day in Climate History August 24, 2005</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
August 24, 2005: The New York Times reports: "Officials in New York
and eight other Northeastern states have come to a preliminary
agreement to freeze power plant emissions at their current levels
and then reduce them by 10 percent by 2020, according to a
confidential draft proposal.<br>
"The cooperative action, the first of its kind in the nation, came
after the Bush administration decided not to regulate the greenhouse
gases that contribute to global warming. Once a final agreement is
reached, the legislatures of the nine states will have to enact it,
which is considered likely."<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/nyregion/24air.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&">http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/24/nyregion/24air.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&</a>
</font><br>
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