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<font size="+1"><i>September 8, 2017</i></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://grist.org/briefly/heres-why-irma-is-a-monster-hurricane-in-one-gif/">Here's
why Irma is a monster hurricane, in one GIF. </a></b>The last
Category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the United States was
Andrew, which lashed South Florida with wind gusts of up to 177
miles per hour in 1992. It caused immense devastation and forever
changed Florida's approach to hurricanes.<br>
Twenty-five years later, we have Hurricane Irma - a storm that could
be even worse.<br>
[ <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://grist.org/briefly/heres-why-irma-is-a-monster-hurricane-in-one-gif/">http://grist.org/briefly/heres-why-irma-is-a-monster-hurricane-in-one-gif/</a>
]<br>
<span style="color: rgb(17, 50, 61); font-family: Merriweather,
Georgia, "Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New
Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The above GIF,
assembled from GOES satellite data<span> </span></span><a
href="https://twitter.com/JoelNihlean/status/905845846687789058"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(117, 143, 163); line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none; text-decoration-skip: ink;
background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(117, 143, 163) 1px,
transparent 1px); background-position: 0px -1px;
background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia,
"Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New Roman",
Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">by Joel Nihlean</a><span
style="color: rgb(17, 50, 61); font-family: Merriweather, Georgia,
"Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New Roman",
Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, combines
images of the two hurricanes to compare them side-by-side to
scale. Not only is Irma more powerful, it's also much larger: </span><a
href="https://twitter.com/EricHolthaus/status/905830202034593793"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(117, 143, 163); line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none; text-decoration-skip: ink;
background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(117, 143, 163) 1px,
transparent 1px); background-position: 0px -1px;
background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia,
"Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New Roman",
Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">One recent estimate</a><span
style="color: rgb(17, 50, 61); font-family: Merriweather, Georgia,
"Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New Roman",
Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"> showed that
Irma packs more than five times Andrew's destructive potential.
Its hurricane-force winds cover an area<span> </span></span><a
href="https://twitter.com/CSlocumWX/status/905817349504331776"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(117, 143, 163); line-height: inherit;
text-decoration: none; text-decoration-skip: ink;
background-image: linear-gradient(to top, rgb(117, 143, 163) 1px,
transparent 1px); background-position: 0px -1px;
background-repeat: no-repeat; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia,
"Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New Roman",
Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">roughly the size of Massachusetts</a><span
style="color: rgb(17, 50, 61); font-family: Merriweather, Georgia,
"Droid Serif", Cambria, "Times New Roman",
Times, serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">.</span><br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://grist.org/briefly/heres-why-irma-is-a-monster-hurricane-in-one-gif/">http://grist.org/briefly/heres-why-irma-is-a-monster-hurricane-in-one-gif/</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://qz.com/1072166/irma-jose-and-katia-three-hurricanes-in-one-satellite-image/">Hurricane
scientists have never seen an image like this before</a></b><br>
[ <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/screen-shot-2017-09-07-at-1.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=1600">https://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/screen-shot-2017-09-07-at-1.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=1600</a>
]<br>
For the first time in modern history, three hurricanes in the
Atlantic are lined up in the most dangerous of ways, according to
Eric Blake, a hurricane specialist at the National Hurricane Center.<br>
The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has issued advisories on
Hurricane Irma (currently located north of the Dominican Republic),
Hurricane Jose (700 miles east of the Lesser Antilles), and
Hurricane Katia (over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico).<br>
The Atlantic experienced three simultaneous hurricanes in 2010, with
Igor, Julia, and Karl all swirling in the basin at the same time.
Julia never threatened land, so the NHC didn't issue a warning for
North America. This is the first time that three hurricanes have the
potential to make landfall at the same time.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://qz.com/1072166/irma-jose-and-katia-three-hurricanes-in-one-satellite-image/">https://qz.com/1072166/irma-jose-and-katia-three-hurricanes-in-one-satellite-image/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
( <i>save this link - as it also applies to Florida Post-Irma)</i><br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://authorlegacyresource.com/dont-ask-just-tell-help-houston-post-harvey/">Don't
ask. Just tell. How to help Houston Post-Harvey.</a></b><br>
You Can Do More<br>
This checklist is organized for two groups. Pick a checklist and
tell us what you will do to help.<br>
- <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://authorlegacyresource.com/dont-ask-just-tell-help-houston-post-harvey/">Local
to the Houston Region Checklist...</a><br>
- <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://authorlegacyresource.com/dont-ask-just-tell-help-houston-post-harvey/">Outside
the Houston Region Checklist</a><br>
...go to one of these websites to make a donation. Every dollar
counts. The people of Houston thank you for your support. <br>
<a href="http://ghcf.org/hurricane-relief/">Hurricane Harvey Relief
Fund</a><br>
<a href="http://www.houstonfoodbank.org/">Houston Food Bank</a><br>
<a href="http://www.houstonhumane.org/">Houston Humane Society</a><br>
<a href="https://www.unitedwayhouston.org/flood">United Way of
Greater Houston</a><br>
<a href="http://www.texasdiaperbank.org/">Texas Diaper Bank</a><br>
<a
href="https://my.reason2race.com/DNicol/HurricaneHarveyLGBTQDisasterReliefFund2017">G.B.T.Q.
Disaster Relief Fund</a><br>
<a
href="https://www.redcross.org/donate/hurricane-harvey?scode=RSG00000E017&utm_campaign=Harvey&gclid=CjwKCAjwxJnNBRAMEiwA8X_-Qa_lInKQ9q1NX-dmg1t71joS3xpayjuT_aNQlKBmT3kjcDdHso5SXRoCdesQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds&dclid=CNKg7KnS_9UCFV46Twod1HgGhQ">Red
Cross</a><br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://authorlegacyresource.com/dont-ask-just-tell-help-houston-post-harvey/">http://authorlegacyresource.com/dont-ask-just-tell-help-houston-post-harvey/</a>
(thanks S.S.)</font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05092017/west-wildfires-california-canada-forests-record-heat-climate-change">Potent
Mix of Record Heat and Dryness Fuels Wildfires Across the West</a></b><br>
"These unprecedented extreme events are exactly the types of events
that are more likely due to the global warming that's already
occurred."<br>
BY GEORGINA GUSTIN<br>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-0e11fbcd-5463-4246-bb57-2183436bd4b9"
style="box-sizing: inherit;">While </span><a
href="http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/3258"
style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; color:
rgb(131, 190, 68); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">drought</a> and
high heat aren't the only factors making wildfires <a
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11072017/wildfire-forest-fire-climate-change-california"
style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; color:
rgb(131, 190, 68); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">more
intense and frequent</a>-researchers also blame encroaching
development into wild areas and certain wildfire management
practices-they are <a
href="https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr870/pnw_gtr870.pdf"
style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; color:
rgb(131, 190, 68); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">key
drivers</a>.<br>
<span style="box-sizing: inherit;">Nine of the 10 worst fire seasons
in the past 50 years have all happened since 2000, and 2015 was
the worst fire season in U.S. history, surpassing 10 million acres
for the first time<span> </span><a
href="https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_stats_totalFires.html"
style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent;
color: rgb(131, 190, 68); text-decoration: none; font-weight:
bold;">on record</a>. So far this year, wildfires in the U.S.
have burned 7.8 million acres, but the fire season is far from
over. (In 2015,<span> </span></span><a
href="https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/nfn.htm" style="box-sizing:
inherit; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(131, 190, 68);
text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">8.4 million acres</a><span> </span>had
burned by early September.) The average fire season is 78 days
longer than it was in the 1970s-now nearly seven months-beginning
and extending beyond the typical heat of summer. By April of this
year,<span> </span><a
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11072017/wildfire-forest-fire-climate-change-california"
style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; color:
rgb(131, 190, 68); text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;">wildfires
had scorched</a><span> </span>more than 2 million acres in the
U.S.-nearly the average consumed in entire fire seasons during the
1980s.<font size="-1" color="#666666"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05092017/west-wildfires-california-canada-forests-record-heat-climate-change">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05092017/west-wildfires-california-canada-forests-record-heat-climate-change</a></font><br>
.<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/09/why-is-2017-so-bad-for-wildfires-climate-change/539130/"><br>
Has Climate Change Intensified 2017's Western Wildfires?</a></b><br>
This wasn<font size="-1">'</font>t supposed to be a bad year for
Western wildfires.<br>
"This will become an important year for [anecdotes about] the
importance of temperature. Despite the fact that these forests were
really soaked down this winter and spring, these heat waves have
dried things out enough to promote really large fires," says Park
Williams, a research scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory at Columbia University.<br>
In other words, the weeks of heat that baked the West in July and
August were enough to wipe away some of the fire-dampening effect of
the winter storms.<br>
"The last 60 to 90 days have been exceptionally warm and dry, the
perfect recipe for drying out fuels (the one ingredient besides
ignitions you need for fire in these systems)," said John
Abatzoglou, a professor of geography at the University of Idaho, in
an email. "I was running a few numbers this morning, and the last 60
days have been record warm from Spokane, Washington, to Medford,
Oregon; both Seattle and Missoula earlier this summer set records
for the longest number of days without measurable rain."<br>
The same team of researchers also found that the area of annual
burned forest in the Pacific Northwest has increased by nearly 5000
percent since the early 1970s.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/09/why-is-2017-so-bad-for-wildfires-climate-change/539130/">https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/09/why-is-2017-so-bad-for-wildfires-climate-change/539130/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/06/climate-change-could-wipe-out-a-third-of-parasite-species-study-finds">Climate
change could wipe out a third of parasite species, study finds</a></b><br>
Parasites such as lice and fleas are crucial to ecosystems,
scientists say, and extinctions could lead to unpredictable
invasions<br>
Climate change could wipe out a third of all parasite species on
Earth, according to the most comprehensive analysis to date.<br>
Tapeworms, roundworms, ticks, lice and fleas are feared for the
diseases they cause or carry, but scientists warn that they also
play a vital role in ecosystems. Major extinctions among parasites
could lead to unpredictable invasions of surviving parasites into
new areas, affecting wildlife and humans and making a "significant
contribution" to the sixth mass extinction already under way on
Earth.<br>
The new research, published in Science Advances, used the collection
of 20m parasites held at the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of
National History in the US to map the global distribution of 457
parasites. The scientists then applied a range of climate models and
future scenarios and found that the average level of extinctions as
habitats become unsuitable for parasites was 10% by 2070, but
extinctions rose to a third if the loss of host species was also
included.<br>
"It is a staggering number," said Colin Carlson at the University of
California, Berkeley, who led the new work. "Parasites seem like one
of the most threatened groups on Earth." The severity of the impact
varied with the different climate scenarios. For example, a 20% loss
of parasite native ranges in scenarios where carbon emissions are
rapidly cut in the future rises to 37% if emissions continue
unchecked.<br>
"It is difficult to summarise the net consequence, as we know so
little about most parasites," Carlson said. "Climate change will
make some parasites extinct and make some do better. But we would
argue the overall phenomenon is dangerous, because extinctions and
invasions go hand in hand."<br>
Anna Phillips, the curator of the Smithsonian's parasite collection,
said: "As long as there are free-living organisms, there will be
parasites. But the picture of parasite biodiversity in 2070 or
beyond has the potential to look very different than it does today
based on these results."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/06/climate-change-could-wipe-out-a-third-of-parasite-species-study-finds">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/sep/06/climate-change-could-wipe-out-a-third-of-parasite-species-study-finds</a><br>
<br>
<b><br>
</b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/09/05/hurricane-harvey-climate-denial-fake-news-and-exxonmobil">Hurricane
Harvey, Climate Denial, Fake News and ExxonMobil</a></b><br>
Tuesday, September 5, 2017 - 12:09<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/09/05/hurricane-harvey-climate-denial-fake-news-and-exxonmobil">https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/09/05/hurricane-harvey-climate-denial-fake-news-and-exxonmobil</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/31/opinions/climate-change-harvey-lynas-opinion/index.html">Now
we have a moral duty to talk about climate change</a></b><br>
By Mark Lynas<br>
Watching Trump tour the flooded areas, I was reminded of his Rose
Garden press conference less than three months ago announcing the US
withdrawal from the Paris climate treaty. In that act of wanton
international vandalism, Trump was helping condemn millions more
people to the threat of intensified extreme events in future
decades.<br>
It is not politically opportunistic to raise this issue now. Instead
we have a moral duty not to accept the attempted conspiracy of
silence imposed by powerful political and business interests opposed
to any reduction in the use of fossil fuels. We owe this to the
people of Texas as much to those of Bangladesh and India, and Niger
-- which was also struck by disastrous flooding this week.<br>
Climate disasters demonstrate our collective humanity and
interdependence. We have to help each other out -- in the short term
by saving lives and in the longer term by cutting greenhouse gases
and enhancing resilience, especially in developing countries.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/31/opinions/climate-change-harvey-lynas-opinion/index.html">http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/31/opinions/climate-change-harvey-lynas-opinion/index.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/07/big-oil-must-pay-for-climate-change-here-is-how-to-calculate-how-much">Big
Oil must pay for climate change. Now we can calculate how much</a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/07/big-oil-must-pay-for-climate-change-here-is-how-to-calculate-how-much">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/07/big-oil-must-pay-for-climate-change-here-is-how-to-calculate-how-much</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEaZaoRCdQ4">(video) The
Costs of Not Acting on Climate Change</a></b><br>
Thom Hartman talks with Richard Wolff<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/aEaZaoRCdQ4?t=7m45s">https://youtu.be/aEaZaoRCdQ4?t=7m45s</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674author_predicts_climate_change_will_bring_grim_future_to_the_arctic/">Author
predicts climate change will bring grim future to the Arctic</a></b><br>
"The North will be the victims of what is happening elsewhere,"
Gwynne Dyer says<br>
BETH BROWN<br>
It's not news to northerners that sea ice is getting thinner and
melting more quickly, and that permafrost is more prone to thaw, but
Dyer said this change in overall global temperature is the primary
reason these are taking place.<br>
"All the effects are magnified in the North," he said. "You're
getting more warming and the effects on permafrost and sea ice are
bigger than similar effects on the rest of the planet," Dyer said.<br>
Dyer plans share his knowledge of climate change as it relates to
the North in Iqaluit Sept. 7 during a talk at the Unikkaarvik
Visitor Centre.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674author_predicts_climate_change_will_bring_grim_future_to_the_arctic/">http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674author_predicts_climate_change_will_bring_grim_future_to_the_arctic/</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://qz.com/1069298/the-3-of-scientific-papers-that-deny-climate-change-are-all-flawed/"><br>
Those 3% of scientific papers that deny climate change? A review
found them all flawed</a></b><br>
Not so, according to a <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-015-1597-5">review
published in the journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology</a>.
The researchers tried to replicate the results of those 3% of
papers-a common way to test scientific studies-and found biased,
faulty results.<br>
Katharine Hayhoe, an atmospheric scientist at Texas Tech University,
worked with a team of researchers to look at the 38 papers published
in peer-reviewed journals in the last decade that denied
anthropogenic global warming.<br>
"Every single one of those analyses had an error-in their
assumptions, methodology, or analysis-that, when corrected, brought
their results into line with the scientific consensus," <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.facebook.com/katharine.hayhoe/posts/1915202578704620">Hayhoe
wrote in a Facebook post</a>.<br>
Broadly, there were three main errors in the papers denying climate
change. Many had cherry-picked the results that conveniently
supported their conclusion, while ignoring other context or records.
Then there were some that applied inappropriate "curve-fitting"-in
which they would step farther and farther away from data until the
points matched the curve of their choosing.<br>
And of course, sometimes the papers just ignored physics altogether.
"In many cases, shortcomings are due to insufficient model
evaluation, leading to results that are not universally valid but
rather are an artifact of a particular experimental setup," the
authors write.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://qz.com/1069298/the-3-of-scientific-papers-that-deny-climate-change-are-all-flawed/">https://qz.com/1069298/the-3-of-scientific-papers-that-deny-climate-change-are-all-flawed/</a></font><br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://sputniknews.com/business/201709051057112997-global-warming-affects-crop-production/"><br>
<b>(audio) Global Warming For Real: 'We Could Lose Large
Proportion of Major Food Crops'</b></a><br>
Global warming has reduced the harvest of four of the most popular
crops worldwide, according to a new study by a team of researchers.
Professor Senthold Asseng told Sputnik that the yields of wheat,
rice and corn have decreased, and although climate change will
continue to affect crop production, in some countries it may
actually increase yields.<br>
Radio Sputnik discussed how climate change is affecting major food
crops around the world and whether it could lead to a food shortage
with Dr. Senthold Asseng, a professor of agricultural and biological
engineering at the University of Florida.<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://soundcloud.com/radiosputnik/we-can-theoretically-lose-large-proportion-of-major-crops-due-to-global-warming-expert">Audio
interview:
https://soundcloud.com/radiosputnik/we-can-theoretically-lose-large-proportion-of-major-crops-due-to-global-warming-expert</a><br>
"Corn in the US would lose some 10 percent for each degree of global
temperature change. In this study we also see some disagreements
with other methods of measuring temperature change," the professor
said.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://sputniknews.com/business/201709051057112997-global-warming-affects-crop-production/">https://sputniknews.com/business/201709051057112997-global-warming-affects-crop-production/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
download PDF publication<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.breakthroughonline.org.au/whatliesbeneath">WHAT
LIES BENEATH THE SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTATEMENT OF CLIMATE RISKS</a></b><br>
Human-induced climate change is an existential risk to human
civilisation, yet much climate research understates climate risks
and provides conservative projections. Reports from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that are crucial to
climate policymaking and informing public narrative are
characterised by scientific reticence, paying limited attention to
lower-probability, high-risk events that are becoming increasingly
likely. <br>
This latest Breakthrough report argues for an urgent risk reframing
of climate research and the IPCC reports.<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.breakthroughonline.org.au/whatliesbeneath">https://www.breakthroughonline.org.au/whatliesbeneath</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/billionaire-s-gift-pushes-ocean-sensors-deeper-search-global-warming-s-hidden-heat">Billionaire's
gift pushes ocean sensors deeper in search of global warming's
hidden heat </a></b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/billionaire-s-gift-pushes-ocean-sensors-deeper-search-global-warming-s-hidden-heat">(Paul
Allen)</a><br>
By Paul VoosenSep. 7, 2017 , 2:00 PM<br>
Every day, thousands of robotic floats bob up and down, tracking
temperatures in the world's oceans, which sop up an estimated 90% of
the heat from global warming. In the course of a decade, the
international Argo array has provided one of the steadiest
signatures of the effect of greenhouse gas emissions. But Argo has
its limits. The floats go no deeper than 2000 meters, warded off by
the crushing pressures at greater depths.<br>
Now, the array is going deeper, where hidden reservoirs of heat may
lurk. On 7 September, billionaire Microsoft Co-Founder Paul Allen
announced a $4 million partnership with the U.S. government that
would be used to purchase 33 Deep Argo floats, capable of descending
6000 meters and reaching 99% of the ocean's volume. The National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which pays for U.S.
contributions to Argo, is calling it the first "formal
public-private partnership for sustained ocean observation."<br>
In a time of tight budgets, cautious federal agencies might shy away
from unproven technology such as Deep Argo, says Bob Weller, a
physical oceanographer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
in Massachusetts, who is leading a National Academy of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine panel investigating the future of ocean
observation. That's where billionaires can step in. "It's exciting
to see philanthropies bring support to innovative new sampling
methods," he says.<br>
Much of this heat stays in the upper 2000 meters of the oceans. But
there are signs it is reaching deeper. Every decade or so since the
1980s, for example, ships have sampled the basin off the coast of
Brazil where the 25 deep floats will be deployed. There, nearly 6000
meters down, a river of frigid water slowly churns north from
Antarctica. Each time researchers have looked at the basin's bottom
waters, they've been warmer, Johnson says. This deep layer also
appears to be growing thinner. Johnson doesn't know whether the
changes are due to the warming of Antarctic source waters, or a
lessening of the flow that brings the cold water north. (Johnson
favors the latter hypothesis.) But sampling has been so infrequent
that it's impossible to say whether these changes are trends tied to
global warming or just part of the current's natural variability.
Deep Argo should make that distinction.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/billionaire-s-gift-pushes-ocean-sensors-deeper-search-global-warming-s-hidden-heat">http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/billionaire-s-gift-pushes-ocean-sensors-deeper-search-global-warming-s-hidden-heat</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ex-m-eEKsg">(<font
size="-1">poetic </font>musical historical interlude) - <b>A
Hard Rains Gonna Fall </b>- Live at Town Hall 1963 </a><br>
Bob Dylan <b>- A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall </b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/-ex-m-eEKsg">https://youtu.be/-ex-m-eEKsg</a> lyrics:<br>
<br>
Oh, where have you been<br>
My blue-eyed son?<br>
And where have you been<br>
My darling young one?<br>
<br>
I've stumbled on the side of twelve misty mountains<br>
I've walked and I crawled on six crooked highways<br>
I've stepped in the middle of seven sad forests<br>
I've been out in front of a dozen dead oceans<br>
I've been ten thousand miles in the mouth of a graveyard<br>
<br>
And it's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall<br>
<br>
Oh, what did you see<br>
My blue-eyed son?<br>
And what did you see<br>
My darling young one?<br>
<br>
I saw a newborn baby with wild wolves all around it<br>
I saw a highway of diamonds with nobody on it<br>
I saw a black branch with blood that kept drippin'<br>
I saw a room full of men with their hammers a-bleedin'<br>
I saw a white ladder all covered with water<br>
I saw ten thousand talkers whose tongues were all broken<br>
I saw guns and sharp swords in the hands of young children<br>
<br>
And it's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard, and it's a hard<br>
It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall<br>
<br>
And what did you hear<br>
My blue-eyed son?<br>
And what did you hear<br>
My darling young one?<br>
<br>
I heard the sound of the thunder that roared out a warning<br>
I heard the roar of a wave that could drown the whole world<br>
I heard one hundred drummers whose hands were a-blazin'<br>
I heard ten thousand whisperin' and nobody listenin'<br>
I heard one person starve, I heard many people laughin'<br>
I heard the song of a poet who died in the gutter<br>
I heard the sound of a clown who cried in the alley<br>
<br>
And it's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall<br>
<br>
Oh, what did you meet<br>
My blue-eyed son?<br>
And who did you meet<br>
My darling young one?<br>
<br>
I met a young child beside a dead pony<br>
I met a white man who walked a black dog<br>
I met a young woman, her body was burning<br>
I met a young girl, she gave me a rainbow<br>
I met one man who was wounded in love<br>
I met another man who was wounded in hatred<br>
<br>
And it's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall<br>
<br>
And what'll you do now<br>
My blue-eyed son?<br>
And what'll you do now<br>
My darling young one?<br>
<br>
I'm a-goin' back out 'fore the rain starts a-fallin'<br>
I'll walk to the depths of the deepest dark forest<br>
Where the people are many and their hands are all empty<br>
Where the pellets of poison are flooding their waters<br>
Where their home in the valley meets the damp dirty prison<br>
And the executioner's face is always well-hidden<br>
<br>
Where hunger is ugly, where the souls are forgotten<br>
Where black is the color, where none is the number<br>
And I'll tell it and speak it and think it and breathe it<br>
And reflect from the mountains so all souls can see it<br>
And I'll stand on the ocean until I start sinkin'<br>
But I'll know my song well before I start singing<br>
<br>
And it's a hard, it's a hard<br>
It's a hard, and it's a hard<br>
It's a hard rain's a-gonna fall<br>
<font size="-1" color="#666666"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ex-m-eEKsg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ex-m-eEKsg</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-2003-09-08/03-22764/content-detail.html">This
Day in Climate History September 8, 2003</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b></font><br>
September 8, 2003: The EPA denies a petition by the International<br>
Center for Technology Assessment to regulate greenhouse gas
emissions<br>
under the Clean Air Act, setting off a four-year legal battle that<br>
culminates in the Supreme Court's Massachusetts v. EPA ruling.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-2003-09-08/03-22764/content-detail.html">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/FR-2003-09-08/03-22764/content-detail.html</a><br>
<br>
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