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<font size="+1"><i>November 12, 2017<br>
</i></font> <br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/11/alternative-us-group-honouring-paris-climate-accord-demands-seat-at-the-table-bonn">Alternative
US group honouring Paris climate accord demands 'seat at the
table'</a></b><br>
The America's Pledge group claims to represent US majority opinion
on carbon emissions, despite Trump's withdrawal from the Paris
agreement<br>
The United Nations should give a "seat at the table" to a powerful
group of US states, cities, tribes and businesses that are committed
to taking action on climate change, Michael Bloomberg has urged.<br>
In an apparent bid to circumvent US president Donald Trump's moves
to withdraw from the Paris accord, the billionaire philanthropist
also said the world body should accept an alternative set of US
climate commitments alongside national pledges to reduce carbon
emissions.<br>
The former New York mayor was speaking at the UN's climate change
conference in Bonn, Germany, during the launch of the America's
Pledge report. The report has found that US states, cities and
businesses that have signed up to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
together represent a GDP of about $10tn. That is more than any
nation except the US and China.<br>
"If this group were a country, we’d be the third-biggest economy in
the world. We should have a seat at the table," Bloomberg said. "If
Washington won't lead, then mayors and governors will."...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/11/alternative-us-group-honouring-paris-climate-accord-demands-seat-at-the-table-bonn">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/11/alternative-us-group-honouring-paris-climate-accord-demands-seat-at-the-table-bonn</a></font><b><br>
<br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://nypost.com/2017/11/11/pope-blasts-shortsighted-human-activity-for-global-warming/">Pope
blasts 'shortsighted human activity' for global warming </a></b><br>
Pope Francis is blasting "shortsighted human activity" for global
warming and rising sea levels and is urging leaders at climate talks
in Germany to take a global outlook as they negotiate ways to curb
heat-trapping emissions.<br>
Francis met Saturday with a delegation of leaders from the Pacific
islands and told them he shares their concerns about rising sea
levels and increasingly intense storms that are threatening their
small islands.<br>
He decried in particular the state of oceans, where overfishing and
pollution by plastics are threatening fish stocks and sea life that
are critical to Pacific livelihoods.<br>
He said several causes were to blame, but that "sadly, many of them
are due to shortsighted human activity connected with certain ways
of exploiting natural and human resources, the impact of which
ultimately reaches the ocean bed itself."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://nypost.com/2017/11/11/pope-blasts-shortsighted-human-activity-for-global-warming/">http://nypost.com/2017/11/11/pope-blasts-shortsighted-human-activity-for-global-warming/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://cop23.unfccc.int/cop23/global-climate-action-at-cop23-full-programme">Global
Climate Action at COP23: Full Programme</a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://cop23.unfccc.int/cop23/global-climate-action-at-cop23-full-programme">https://cop23.unfccc.int/cop23/global-climate-action-at-cop23-full-programme</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVnaGpb2wxk">Bill McKibben
on Future of the Paris Climate Accord & U.S. Role at COP 23
Climate Talks in Germany</a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://democracynow.org">https://democracynow.org</a>
- As Democracy Now! heads to the U.N. Climate Change Conference in
Bonn, Germany, we speak with 350.org's Bill McKibben. Several U.S.
delegations are scheduled to attend despite the fact that President
Donald Trump says he is pulling the U.S. out of the landmark 2015
Paris climate accord. The Trump administration is sending officials
to push coal, gas and nuclear power during a presentation at the
U.N. climate summit. Meanwhile, a coalition of U.S. cities,
companies, universities and faith groups have opened a
2,500-square-meter pavilion outside the U.N. climate conference
called "We are Still In"-an effort to persuade other countries that
wide swaths of the United States are still committed to the landmark
2015 Paris climate accord. McKibben also discusses his newly
published first novel, "Radio Free Vermont: A Fable of Resistance."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVnaGpb2wxk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVnaGpb2wxk</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/11/11/new-delhis-gas-chamber-smog-is-so-bad-that-united-airlines-has-stopped-flying-there/">New
Delhi's 'gas chamber' smog is so bad that United Airlines has
stopped flying there</a></b><br>
NEW DELHI - Citing toxic smog that one official said has turned
India's capital city into a "gas chamber," United Airlines has
canceled flights to New Delhi until the air gets better.<br>
At least in United's eyes, the Indian capital's smog concerns are on
par with environmental disasters such as hurricanes and volcanoes -
a risk to be avoided. The company said it was letting passengers
switch flights without charge or helping them find seats on other
carriers.<br>
It was unclear if other airlines would follow suit. Virgin Atlantic,
KLM and Etihad Airlines all compete for business to New Delhi,
according to CNN Money.<br>
An advisory on United's website said travel to New Delhi was
suspended through at least Monday.<br>
This week, the smog was 10 times worse than reigning pollution
champion Beijing, where air-quality problems have reached Olympic
proportions. Some parts of New Delhi have pollution 40 times the
World Health Organization-recommended safe level....<br>
Smog has grounded planes in major cities before, but typically
because the thick haze dangerously obscured pilots' vision.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/11/11/new-delhis-gas-chamber-smog-is-so-bad-that-united-airlines-has-stopped-flying-there/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/11/11/new-delhis-gas-chamber-smog-is-so-bad-that-united-airlines-has-stopped-flying-there/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/01/stanford-professor-files-libel-suit-against-leading-scientific-journal-over-clean-energy-claims/?utm_term=.7506ee92ca07">Stanford
professor files $10 million lawsuit against scientific journal
over clean energy claims</a></b><br>
Chris Mooney<br>
Mark Z. Jacobson, a Stanford University professor who has
prominently contended that the United States can fully power itself
with wind, water and solar energy, is suing the National Academy of
Sciences and the lead author of a study published in its flagship
journal that criticized Jacobson's views - pushing an already bitter
academic dispute into a courtroom setting.<br>
The dispute turns on Jacobson's idea, itself published in the PNAS
and other journals, that it is feasible to construct a grid for the
entire country that would be powered entirely by wind, solar and
water energy (hydropower), with additional help from forms of energy
storage. "No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary
batteries are needed," Jacobson and his colleagues wrote in 2015.<br>
But Clack argued in PNAS earlier this year that Jacobson's idea was
not only infeasible but also that his work used "invalid modeling
tools, contained modeling errors, and made implausible and
inadequately supported assumptions." He and his co-authors said the
transition toward cleaner energy will require "a broad portfolio of
energy options," which presumably includes nuclear power, carbon
capture and storage, and more.<br>
This claim is "particularly harmful and damaging to Dr. Jacobson's
reputation because his primary expertise is in computer modeling,"
the suit asserts.<br>
Clack and his colleagues published a <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.vibrantcleanenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ReplyResponse.pdf">lengthy
response</a> to Jacobson's complaints in June, disagreeing about
the point on hydropower and much else. Jacobson's study "has been
shown very clearly to contain a large number of fundamental errors,"
the response said...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/01/stanford-professor-files-libel-suit-against-leading-scientific-journal-over-clean-energy-claims/?utm_term=.7506ee92ca07">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/01/stanford-professor-files-libel-suit-against-leading-scientific-journal-over-clean-energy-claims/?utm_term=.7506ee92ca07</a></font><br>
-<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/WWS-50-USState-plans.html">100%
Wind, Water, and Solar (WWS) All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for
Countries and States </a></b><br>
Roadmaps to convert 139 countries of the world to 100% Wind, Water,
and Sunlight (WWS) for all purposes <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/WWS-50-USState-plans.html">http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/WWS-50-USState-plans.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/12/congo-basin-swamps-peatlands-carbon-climate-change">Congo
basin's peaty swamps are new front in climate change battle</a></b><br>
The need to protect the forests above the peatlands was emphasised
last week by a major report showing that there is 40% more carbon
stored in forested lands than in known fossil-fuel deposits
worldwide.<br>
"Releasing this carbon into the atmosphere through continuing
deforestation not only commits us to the worst impacts of climate
change, but also results in the loss of a globally important carbon
sink.<br>
"Protecting the carbon stored in forests is no different than taking
action to ensure fossil deposits like coal stay underground," said
the report's lead author, Martin Herold of Wageningen University in
the Netherlands.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/12/congo-basin-swamps-peatlands-carbon-climate-change">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/nov/12/congo-basin-swamps-peatlands-carbon-climate-change</a></font><br>
<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://nickbowers.com/work/personal/scared-scientists/">Scared
Scientists Photo Portraits </a> (Australia)<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://nickbowers.com/work/personal/scared-scientists/">http://nickbowers.com/work/personal/scared-scientists/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.hcn.org/articles/climate-change-why-the-new-federal-report-on-climate-science-matters-for-the-west">What
a new report on climate science portends for the West</a></b><br>
From wildfires to drought, a look at a warming world.<br>
Last week, the government released the first part of its 2018
assessment. Focusing on the science of climate change, the report
describes how greenhouse gas emissions are affecting the U.S.
already and will continue to do so in future if we continue on the
current trajectory.<br>
<b>Here are the takeaways for the West:</b><br>
The West has warmed by an average of some 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit.
While the entire nation has warmed in the past century, the West has
warmed faster than almost anywhere else. Only the northern Great
Plains region has warmed as fast. What's more, the West is seeing
big weather shifts: Both extreme hot and cold temperatures have
gotten warmer, and the region has lost about two weeks of cool
nights over the past century. Today's extreme hot temperatures are
expected to become average temperatures over the next few decades,
so get ready for more broken records in the future. In the
Northwest, the warmest day of the year will be about 6 degrees
warmer by mid century than it was about a decade ago, for example.
Cities in particular are warming more because of the urban heat
island effect.<br>
Western wildfires have gotten worse, and will continue to do so,
because of increasing temperatures and drought. New ecosystems will
grow where wildfires burn. The complicating role of diseases and
insect outbreaks in wildfires is not fully understood. But both
diseases and insect outbreaks have increased because of climate
change, and will continue to do so.<br>
Alaska is in trouble. Because of its high latitude, Alaska has its
own issues. Its glaciers, snow packs, and sea ice are melting. Its
thawing permafrost releases even more of the greenhouse gas methane
into the atmosphere, and its coastlines are eroding. Its boreal
forests and even its tundra are burning. By the end of the century,
the state will warm by more than 12 degrees on average.<br>
Much of the West relies on declining winter precipitation for water.
In the Northwest, decreased snow packs have meant lower streams for
decades. By the end of the century, snow packs in the southernmost
mountains of the West will have virtually disappeared. Less water
combined with higher temperatures may lead to more frequent
droughts, especially in the Southwest - including chronic, long-term
droughts. In places where the amount of precipitation hasn't
changed, the way that precipitation falls is changing. The West is
seeing more intense storms and less gentle rainy days, which can
still lead to drought conditions. In cities, intense storms
overwhelm sewage systems, causing flooding and damage.<br>
The West Coast is changing in profound ways. The sea is rising,
getting warmer and becoming more acidic. Storm waves reach higher,
which means more erosion. How much the oceans will rise depends in
part on what happens to the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Will it hold, or
melt away, raising sea levels still more? A phenomenon called an
atmospheric river will cause more flooding along the West Coast,
although it's unknown how much different sections of the coastline
will flood.<br>
<b>So what do we do? <br>
</b>The report points out what we've known for as long as we've
known about greenhouse gas emissions: We have choices. To that end,
each report section shows what would happen if greenhouse gas
emissions continued along the current trajectory and what would
happen if we reduced our emissions to meet the standards set by the
2015 U.N. Paris Climate Agreement. After all, everything listed here
- from wildfires to ocean acidification to drought - is merely a
symptom. Many Westerners are leading the way in managing these
symptoms to preserve lives and landscapes. But the root causes of
these symptoms remain societal and personal choices that lead the
average American to burn more than twice as much fossil fuel as the
global average. As California Gov. Jerry Brown and others have
demonstrated, the West also could lead the way in addressing these
root causes.<br>
Brown, along with representatives from states, tribes, higher
education institutions, faith organizations and businesses
throughout the West and across of the nation will be representing
the U.S. at the U.N.'s 23rd International Climate Summit in Germany,
through a coalition named We Are Still In. The coalition has a
simple message for the world: Americans are already rolling up their
sleeves and building climate change solutions, with or without
federal leadership.<br>
Maya L. Kapoor is an associate editor for High Country News.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.hcn.org/articles/climate-change-why-the-new-federal-report-on-climate-science-matters-for-the-west">http://www.hcn.org/articles/climate-change-why-the-new-federal-report-on-climate-science-matters-for-the-west</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41945650">Scale
of 'nitrate timebomb' revealed</a></b><br>
Huge quantities of nitrate chemicals from farm fertilisers are
polluting the rocks beneath our feet, a study says.<br>
Researchers at the British Geological Survey say it could have
severe global-scale consequences for rivers, water supplies, human
health and the economy.<br>
They say the nitrate will be released from the rocks into rivers via
springs.<br>
That will cause toxic algal blooms and fish deaths, and will cost
industry and consumers billions of pounds a year in extra water
treatment.<br>
In a paper in Nature Communications, the scientists from BGS and
Lancaster University estimate that up to 180 million tonnes of
nitrate are stored in rocks worldwide - perhaps twice the amount
stored in soils.<br>
They say this is the first global estimate of the amount of nitrate
trapped between the soil layer and the water-bearing aquifers below.
They warn that over time the nitrate will inevitably slowly seep
into the aquifers.<br>
This is what's known as the nitrate timebomb.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41945650">http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41945650</a></font><b><br>
</b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.motherjones.com/food/2013/04/history-nitrogen-fertilizer-ammonium-nitrate/">A
Brief History of Our Deadly Addiction to Nitrogen Fertilizer</a></b><br>
Nitrogen is one of the nutrient elements plants need to grow. Every
apple or ear of corn plucked represents nutrients pulled from soil,
and for land to remain productive, those nutrients must be
replenished. Nitrogen is extremely plentiful-it makes up nearly 80
percent of the air we breathe. But atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is
joined together in an extremely tight bond that makes it unusable by
plants. Plant-available nitrogen, known as nitrate, is actually
scarce, and for most of agriculture's 10,000-year-old history, the
main challenge was figuring out how to cycle usable nitrogen back
into the soil. Farmers of yore might not have known the chemistry,
but they knew that composting crop waste, animal manure, and even
human waste led to better harvests.<br>
In 1909, a German chemist named Fritz Haber developed a
high-temperature, energy-intensive process to synthesize
plant-available nitrate from air. And so agriculture's millennia-old
nitrogen-cycling problem was solved. Today's industrial-scale farms
would not be possible without it.<br>
Of course, agriculture wasn't the only reason Germany and other
European countries wanted to generate tons of nitrate. As we just
tragically saw in Texas, the stuff can also make a massive
explosion. Before it made it onto farm fields in a big way, Haber's
breakthrough fueled the US and European munitions industry,
particularly in World War II. In that way, the industrialization of
farming shares roots with the industrialization of killing
represented by modern war.<br>
Today's fertilizer plants, reports Vaclav Smil in his seminal book
on nitrogen fertilizer, Enriching the Earth, rely on a scaled-up,
refined version of the same process developed by Haber.<br>
By the end of World War II, the United States had built 10
large-scale nitrate factories to make bombs. With Europe's and
Japan's production facilities in ruins, the US entered the postwar
period as the undisputed global champion of nitrogen production. The
industry quickly shifted from munitions to fertilizer and domestic
consumption began to skyrocket, driven, Smil writes, by the rise of
new hybrid strains of corn, "the first kind of high-yielding grain
cultivar dependent on higher fertilizer applications."<br>
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calluna, serif;
font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal;
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal;
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;">Industrial agriculture's reliance on
plentiful synthetic nitrogen brings with it a whole bevy of
environmental liabilities: excess nitrogen that seeps into streams
and eventually into the Mississippi River,<span> </span></span><a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=dead-zone-pollutant-grows-despite-decades-work"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;
background-position: 0px 90%; background-image:
url("/wp-content/themes/motherjones/css/../img/orange-border.png");
background-repeat: repeat-x; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px
0px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px
0px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px
-1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px
-1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px 0px; font-family: Calluna,
serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">feeding a massive annual algae
bloom that blots out sea life</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
font-family: Calluna, serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
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-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">;</span><a
href="http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2012/04/02/fertilizer-use-responsible-for-increase-in-nitrous-oxide-in-atmosphere/"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;
background-position: 0px 90%; background-image:
url("/wp-content/themes/motherjones/css/../img/orange-border.png");
background-repeat: repeat-x; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px
0px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px
0px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px
-1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px
-1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px 0px; font-family: Calluna,
serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
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text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span> </span>emissions of
nitrous oxide</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family:
Calluna, serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal;
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-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">, a greenhouse
gas 300 times more potent than carbon; and the</span><a
href="http://grist.org/article/2010-02-23-new-research-synthetic-nitrogen-destroys-soil-carbon-undermines/"
style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;
background-position: 0px 90%; background-image:
url("/wp-content/themes/motherjones/css/../img/orange-border.png");
background-repeat: repeat-x; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px
0px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px
0px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px -1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px
-1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 1px
-1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) -1px 1px 0px; font-family: Calluna,
serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
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text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><span> </span>destruction of
organic matter in soil</a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
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-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color:
initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">.</span><br>
As I also noted in that article, the US fertilizer industry
increasingly relies on cheap natural gas extracted by
hydrofracturing, or fracking-the controversial process of
extracting gas from rock formations by bombarding them with water
spiked with toxic chemicals. "If Big Ag becomes hooked on cheap
fracked gas to meet its fertilizer needs," I warned, "then the
fossil fuel industry will have gained a powerful ally in its effort
to steamroll regulation and fight back opposition to fracking
projects."<br>
Our future doesn't have to be drenched in vast quantities of
synthetic nitrogen, with all its liabilities both subtle and
spectacular. A 2012 Iowa State University study found that by simply
shifting to more diverse crop rotations, Midwestern farmers could
radically reduce their reliance on added nitrogen while maintaining
current levels of overall food production. Another recent study by
Cornell researchers found similar crop rotations also reduced
nitrogen runoff.<br>
Yet instead of weaning us from from our huge reliance on nitrogen,
federal and state agencies are underwriting the construction of new
plants and the expansion of old ones. Meanwhile, federal farm and
"renewable fuel" policies continue to prop up corn-in 2013, the USDA
expects farmers to plant the most since 1936: 97.3 million acres,
covering an area nearly the size of California. We won't be kicking
our nitrogen habit anytime soon.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.motherjones.com/food/2013/04/history-nitrogen-fertilizer-ammonium-nitrate/">http://www.motherjones.com/food/2013/04/history-nitrogen-fertilizer-ammonium-nitrate/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/11/13/1182511/grover-norquist-abruptly-reverses-position-on-carbon-tax-after-facing-criticism-from-koch-backed-group/">This
Day in Climate History November 12, 2012</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b></font><br>
November 12, 2012: Powerful conservative activist Grover Norquist is<br>
quoted in the National Journal as saying that a federal<br>
revenue-neutral carbon tax would not violate the Republican Party's<br>
"no new taxes" position. After being viciously criticized by<br>
representatives from Koch Industries, Norquist abruptly flip-flops.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/11/13/1182511/grover-norquist-abruptly-reverses-position-on-carbon-tax-after-facing-criticism-from-koch-backed-group/">http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/11/13/1182511/grover-norquist-abruptly-reverses-position-on-carbon-tax-after-facing-criticism-from-koch-backed-group/</a><br>
</font><br>
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