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<font size="+1"><i>December 24, 2017<br>
</i></font> <br>
[Xmas WX]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/23/573175529/white-christmas-forecast-for-some-from-wyoming-through-maine">White
Christmas Forecast For Some From Wyoming Through Maine</a></b><br>
for millions of people along the projected path of a system forming
Saturday in the Great Plains that is forecast to become a nor'easter
in New England by Monday, a white Christmas is looking more like a
reality.<br>
"We are going to have a decent swath of snow," meteorologist Marc
Chenard with the National Weather Service tells NPR.<br>
Beginning Saturday, a couple of inches are expected in Wyoming,
Colorado and Nebraska.<br>
As the system shifts eastward by Christmas Eve, it is forecast to
blanket parts of the Midwest, including Illinois, Michigan and
Indiana.<br>
Chicago should get 2 to 3 inches; Kansas City, Mo., 1 to 2 inches,
Chenard says.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/23/573175529/white-christmas-forecast-for-some-from-wyoming-through-maine">https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/23/573175529/white-christmas-forecast-for-some-from-wyoming-through-maine</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[CNN Greenland]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.darksnow.org/support/">Dark Snow Project</a></b><b>
</b>Chief Scientist Jason Box had a big hand in this spectacular
examination of Greenland's melt.<br>
Superlative climate communication. Definitive Greenland video.<br>
Greenland is melting<br>
video <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/UKKYt6fWob8">https://youtu.be/UKKYt6fWob8</a>
CNN's Clarissa Ward visits Greenland to learn about how quickly the
ice sheet is melting and the effect it has on the planet.<br>
[<i>see an astounding video image: </i><i><a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/UKKYt6fWob8?t=4m25s">https://youtu.be/UKKYt6fWob8?t=4m25s</a></i>
]<br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="-1">[volcanology]</font><b><font size="-1"><br>
</font></b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/22/572795936/climate-change-likely-to-increase-volcanic-eruptions-scientists-say">Climate
Change Likely To Increase Volcanic Eruptions, Scientists Say</a></b><br>
A warming planet due to human-induced climate change is likely to
contribute to an increase in volcanic activity, according to a
recent study in the journal Geology.<br>
While a relationship between climate and volcanism might seem
counterintuitive, it turns out that pressure exerted by thick
glaciers on the Earth's crust - what geologists call "surface
loading" — has an impact on the flow of magma below the surface.<br>
The correlation affects "magma flow and the voids and gaps in the
Earth where magma flows to the surface as well as how much magma the
crust can actually hold," study lead author Graeme T. Swindles, an
associate professor of Earth system dynamics at the University of
Leeds, wrote in an email to Scientific American...<br>
Swindles says his team found about a 600-year lag between advancing
glaciers and diminished volcanic activity. "That's because it takes
a long time to grow ice masses," he told the magazine.<br>
In reverse, the team found that as the climate warmed and glaciers
melted, there were more and bigger eruptions.<br>
"After glaciers are removed the surface pressure decreases, and the
magmas more easily propagate to the surface and thus erupt,"
Swindles says.<br>
There was also a lag between retreating glaciers and increased
volcanic activity, but it was shorter, the team found — although the
study cautions there could be other climate-related factors that
contributed to the compressed lag time.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/22/572795936/climate-change-likely-to-increase-volcanic-eruptions-scientists-say">https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/22/572795936/climate-change-likely-to-increase-volcanic-eruptions-scientists-say</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[UW Ice research]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.washington.edu/news/2017/12/18/partnership-will-use-robotic-network-to-explore-antarctic-ice-shelves/">Partnership
will use robotic network to explore Antarctic ice shelves</a></b><br>
One of the biggest unknowns for the future of Earth's climate is
Antarctica, where the West Antarctic Ice Sheet holds so much ice
that if it collapsed could bring several feet of rising seas.<br>
A new partnership between the University of Washington's College of
the Environment, the UW Applied Physics Laboratory and Paul G. Allen
Philanthropies will use a robotic network to observe the conditions
beneath a floating Antarctic ice shelf...<br>
Ice shelves act as buttresses that restrain the flow of inland ice
into the sea, which under a warmer climate could trigger many feet
of global sea level rise, on a timeline that is largely unknown.
Observations in the water-filled caves under ice shelves could help
explain how warmer seawater interacts with the glacier's
underbelly...<br>
the seafloor," Christianson said. "If we can do that, we'll be able
to collect tons of new data. We often don't even know what the
topography of the seafloor is like beneath the shelf, which affects
water flow, temperature and other factors that control the melting
rate."...<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washington.edu/news/2017/12/18/partnership-will-use-robotic-network-to-explore-antarctic-ice-shelves/">https://www.washington.edu/news/2017/12/18/partnership-will-use-robotic-network-to-explore-antarctic-ice-shelves/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[AGWA Water]<br>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="www.alliance4water.org">Water infrastructure</a> is
expensive and long-lived. How do we design and plan for resilience
if we can't see what the future holds in terms of climate or other
relevant drivers? The World Bank's <a
href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22544"
style="text-decoration: underline;">Decision Tree Framework</a>
is a new tool - one of a suite of "<a href="http://agwaguide.org/"
style="text-decoration: underline;">bottom-up approaches</a>" -
that embraces uncertainty. It allows users to assess and address
long-term climatic and non-climatic risks. In the latest episode
of the <i style=""><a
href="http://agwaguide.org/library/climateready/"
style="text-decoration: underline;">#ClimateReady Podcast</a></i>,
<a
href="http://ceas.uc.edu/chemical-environmental-engineering/Ray_lab.html"
style="text-decoration: underline;">Dr. Patrick Ray</a> explains
how the process works, where it's being implemented, and how
institutions can incorporate the DTF into their water management
projects. Take a listen and make sure to <a
href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/climateready-podcast-adapting-to-uncertain-climate/id1307124261?mt=2"
style="text-decoration: underline;">subscribe on iTunes</a> to
hear future episodes. </font><br>
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<div><font color="#999999"><a
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<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/28176/TIME-MAGAZINE-PICKS-EARTH-IN-LIEU-OF-MAN-OF-THE-YEAR.html">This
Day in Climate History December 24, 1988</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b></font><br>
December 24, 1988: TIME Magazine names "Endangered Earth" its
"Planet<br>
of the Year" for 1988, citing in part rising concerns over global<br>
warming.<br>
<blockquote>TIME MAGAZINE PICKS EARTH IN LIEU OF MAN OF THE YEAR<br>
In the cover article of its Jan. 2 issue, released Saturday, Time
warned of a series of impending environmental catastrophes:<br>
-Pollution-caused warming of the atmosphere, known as the
"greenhouse effect," threatening weather changes that could flood
coastlines and render large areas of the planet infertile and
uninhabitable.<br>
-Toxic and radioactive wastes and dumped garbage that could poison
drinking water and despoil the land.<br>
-Chemical pollution that is depleting the atmosphere's protective
ozone layer.<br>
-Clearing of tropical rain forests, driving thousands of species
to extinction.<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/28176/TIME-MAGAZINE-PICKS-EARTH-IN-LIEU-OF-MAN-OF-THE-YEAR.html">http://www.deseretnews.com/article/28176/TIME-MAGAZINE-PICKS-EARTH-IN-LIEU-OF-MAN-OF-THE-YEAR.html</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19890102,00.html">http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19890102,00.html</a></font><br>
<br>
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