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<font size="+1"><i>January 3, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[winter storm]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/01/02/monster-storm-to-blast-east-coast-before-polar-vortex-uncorks-tremendous-cold-late-this-week/">'Bomb
cyclone' to blast East Coast before polar vortex uncorks
tremendous cold late this week</a></b><br>
Forecasters are expecting the storm to become a so-called "bomb
cyclone" because its pressure is predicted to fall so fast, an
indicator of explosive strengthening. The storm could rank as the
most intense over the waters east of New England in decades at this
time of year. While blizzard conditions could paste some coastal
areas, the most extreme conditions will remain well out over the
ocean.<br>
"All day Thursday meteorologists are going to be glued to the new
GOES-East satellite watching a truly amazing extratopical "bomb"
cyclone off New England coast. It will be massive -- fill up entire
Western Atlantic off U.S. East Coast. Pressure as low as Sandy &
hurricane winds"<br>
The responsible storm is forecast to begin taking shape off the
coast of Florida Wednesday, unloading hazardous snow and ice in
highly unusual locations not accustomed to such weather. The
National Weather Service has already posted winter storm watches
from Lake City, Fla. to Norfolk<br>
By the time the storm reaches the ocean waters east of Long Island
and eastern New England on Thursday, it will be explosively
intensifying. The storm's central pressure will have fallen 53
millibars in just 24 hours - an astonishing rate of intensification.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/01/02/monster-storm-to-blast-east-coast-before-polar-vortex-uncorks-tremendous-cold-late-this-week/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/01/02/monster-storm-to-blast-east-coast-before-polar-vortex-uncorks-tremendous-cold-late-this-week/</a></font><br>
-<br>
[<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climatestate.com/2018/01/03/winter-superstorms-and-global-warming/">From
Climate State</a>: ] <br>
video: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://youtu.be/HUZvc3MFU50">Winter Superstorms and Global
Warming </a> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/HUZvc3MFU50">https://youtu.be/HUZvc3MFU50</a><br>
-<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/948311209970978822">Animation
of low-level wind speed showing the development of the massive
circulation </a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/948311209970978822">https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/948311209970978822</a><br>
-<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3761/2016/acp-16-3761-2016.pdf">Hansen:
Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms </a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3761/2016/acp-16-3761-2016.pdf">https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/3761/2016/acp-16-3761-2016.pdf</a><br>
-<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.njtvonline.org/news/uncategorized/wrath-winter-midweek-snow-arctic-cold-way">Midweek
snow and arctic cold on the way </a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.njtvonline.org/news/uncategorized/wrath-winter-midweek-snow-arctic-cold-way">https://www.njtvonline.org/news/uncategorized/wrath-winter-midweek-snow-arctic-cold-way</a><br>
-<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/948255400851378176">All
day Thursday meteorologists are going to be glued to the new
GOES-East satellite </a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/948255400851378176">https://twitter.com/RyanMaue/status/948255400851378176</a><br>
-<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/02/us/cold-weather-continues/index.html">Snow
expected in Charleston, Savannah </a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/02/us/cold-weather-continues/index.html">http://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/02/us/cold-weather-continues/index.html</a><br>
-<br>
[30 Day Outlook NOAA]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/">Revised
OFFICIAL Forecasts January 2018</a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/">http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[Atttribution]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-can-now-blame-individual-natural-disasters-on-climate-change/">Scientists
Can Now Blame Individual Natural Disasters on Climate Change</a></b><br>
Extreme event attribution is one of the most rapidly expanding areas
of climate science<br>
The Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society now issues a
special report each year assessing the impact of climate change on
the previous year's extreme events. Interest in the field has grown
so much that the National Academy of Sciences released an in-depth
report last year evaluating the current state of the science and
providing recommendations for its improvement...<br>
And as the science continues to mature, it may have ramifications
for society. Legal experts suggest that attribution studies could
play a major role in lawsuits brought by citizens against companies,
industries or even governments. They could help reshape climate
adaptation policies throughout a country or even the world. And
perhaps more immediately, the young field of research could be
capturing the public's attention in ways that long-term projections
for the future cannot.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-can-now-blame-individual-natural-disasters-on-climate-change/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-can-now-blame-individual-natural-disasters-on-climate-change/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Yale360]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://e360.yale.edu/digest/global-warming-could-cause-dangerous-increases-in-humidity">Global
Warming Could Cause Dangerous Increases in Humidity</a></b><br>
Climate scientists often warn that rising CO2 levels in the
atmosphere will cause an increase in the number and intensity of
heat waves in many regions of the world. But a new study is
cautioning that climate change will also significantly increase
humidity, magnifying the effects of these heat waves and making it
more difficult for humans to safely work or be outside.<br>
The study analyzed projected "wet bulb" temperatures - a measure of
heat stress that combines the effect of heat and humidity - for the
next century. (Wet bulb readings are taken by literally draping a
water-saturated cloth over the bulb of a conventional thermometer.)
Today in the southeastern United States, wet bulb temperatures of 84
degrees Fahrenheit are rare, but by the 2070s and 2080s, these
conditions could happen 25 to 40 days each year, the report found.<br>
The situation would be even worse in northern India, central and
western Africa, eastern China, and South America. The study found
that by 2080, extreme wet bulb conditions could become 100 to 250
times more frequent in the tropics.<br>
Lab experiments have shown that a wet bulb reading of 90 degrees F
is the threshold beyond which people have trouble doing anything
outside. The report, published in the journal Environmental Research
Letters, found such conditions could occur three to five days a year
in parts of the tropics. By late this century, climate change could
even occasionally cause wet bulb conditions of 95 degrees Fahrenheit
- a level equivalent to nearly 170 degrees of "dry" heat, which
would make it difficult to survive without artificial cooling.<br>
The study authors, all from Columbia University, warn that the
intense humidity could significantly impact the economy,
agriculture, and the military.<br>
"The conditions we're talking about basically never occur now -
people in most places have never experienced them," the study's lead
author, Ethan Coffel - a graduate student at Columbia University's
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory - said in a statement.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://e360.yale.edu/digest/global-warming-could-cause-dangerous-increases-in-humidity">http://e360.yale.edu/digest/global-warming-could-cause-dangerous-increases-in-humidity</a></font><br>
-<br>
[ 35 degrees C ]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2017/12/22/humidity-may-prove-breaking-point-for-some-areas-as-temperatures-rise-says-study/">Humidity
May Prove Breaking Point for Some Areas as Temperatures Rise,
Says Study</a></b><br>
From U.S. South to China, Heat Stress Could Exceed Human Endurance<br>
Warming climate is projected to make many now-dry areas dryer, in
part by changing precipitation patterns. But by the same token, as
global temperatures rise, the atmosphere can hold more water vapor.
That means chronically humid areas located along coasts or otherwise
hooked into humid-weather patterns may only get more so. And, as
many people know, muggy heat is more oppressive than the "dry" kind.
..<br>
"The conditions we're talking about basically never occur now-people
in most places have never experienced them," said lead author Ethan
Coffel, a graduate student at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory. "But they're projected to occur close to the end
of the century." The study will appears this week in the journal
Environmental Research Letters....<br>
A new study projects that drastic combinations of heat and humidity
may hit large areas of the world later this century. ...<br>
Climate scientist Steven Sherwood of the University of New South
Wales, who proposed the 35-degree survivability limit, said he was
skeptical that this threshold could be reached as soon as the
researchers say. Regardless, he said, "the basic point stands."
Unless greenhouse emissions are cut, "we move toward a world where
heat stress is a vastly greater problem than it has been in the rest
of human history. The effects will fall hardest on hot and humid
regions."<br>
Warming climate is projected to make many now-dry areas dryer, in
part by changing precipitation patterns. But by the same token, as
global temperatures rise, the atmosphere can hold more water vapor.
That means chronically humid areas located along coasts or otherwise
hooked into humid-weather patterns may only get more so. And, as
many people know, muggy heat is more oppressive than the "dry" kind.
<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2017/12/22/humidity-may-prove-breaking-point-for-some-areas-as-temperatures-rise-says-study/">http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2017/12/22/humidity-may-prove-breaking-point-for-some-areas-as-temperatures-rise-says-study/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Exxon]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/environment/2018/01/02/investors-want-companies-like-exxon-open-risks-posed-climate-change">Why
companies like Exxon are being more open about risks posed by
climate change</a></b><br>
Exxon Mobil finally agreed in December to disclose the risks climate
change posed to its business after losing a landmark shareholder
vote in the spring. But a growing number of companies are embracing
this kind of disclosure without the threat of a messy proxy fight.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.dallasnews.com/news/environment/2018/01/02/investors-want-companies-like-exxon-open-risks-posed-climate-change">https://www.dallasnews.com/news/environment/2018/01/02/investors-want-companies-like-exxon-open-risks-posed-climate-change</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Harvard Study]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180102114149.htm">To
adapt to warmer temperatures, winemakers may have to plant
lesser known grape varieties, study suggests</a></b><br>
A new study suggests that, though vineyards might be able to
counteract some of the effects of climate change by planting
lesser-known grape varieties, scientists and vintners need to better
understand the wide diversity of grapes and their adaptions to
different climates...<br>
"We've been taught to recognize the varieties we think we like," she
said. "People buy Pinot even though it can taste totally different
depending on where it's grown. It might taste absolutely awful from
certain regions, but if you think you like Pinot, you're only buying
that."<br>
As Wolkovich sees it, wine producers now face a choice: proactively
experiment with new varieties, or risk suffering the negative
consequences of climate change.<br>
"With continued climate change, certain varieties in certain regions
will start to fail - that's my expectation," she said. "The solution
we're offering is how do you start thinking of varietal diversity.
Maybe the grapes grown widely today were the ones that are easiest
to grow and tasted the best in historical climates, but I think
we're missing a lot of great grapes better suited for the future."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180102114149.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180102114149.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2011_01/027356.php">This
Day in Climate History January 3, 2011 </a> - from </b></font><font
size="+1"><b>BetsyRosenberg.com</b></font><br>
Steve Benen of the Washington Monthly notes that Republican
presidential candidates who now try to deny the existence of
human-caused climate change will have to figure out a way to rewrite
history:<br>
<blockquote>"Yes, in Republican circles in 2011, those who don't
reject the<br>
scientific consensus on the climate crisis will be rejected out of<br>
hand. Those who've been even somewhat reasonable on the issue in<br>
recent years should expect to grovel shamelessly - a trait that's<br>
always attractive in presidential candidates.<br>
<br>
"The number of likely GOP candidates who've actually said out loud<br>
that the planet is warming and that human activity is responsible
is,<br>
oddly enough, larger than the number of consistent climate
deniers.<br>
Sarah Palin has said pollution contributes to global warming and<br>
'we've got to do something about it.' Romney has said he believes
the<br>
planet is warming and at least used to support cap-and-trade.
Huckabee<br>
and Pawlenty have backed cap-and-trade - which was, originally, a<br>
Republican idea, by the way - in recent years. Even Newt Gingrich<br>
used to demand 'action to address climate change,' and
participated<br>
briefly with Al Gore's Repower America campaign.<br>
<br>
"This wasn't a problem up until very recently. John McCain's 2008<br>
presidential platform not only acknowledged climate change, it<br>
included a call for a cap-and-trade plan - and he won the
nomination<br>
fairly easily. As recently as 2006, rank-and-file Republican
voters,<br>
by and large, believed what the mainstream believed when it came
to<br>
climate science: global warming is real, it's a problem, and it<br>
requires attention.<br>
<br>
"But that was before the GOP fell off the right-wing cliff."<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2011_01/027356.php">http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2011_01/027356.php</a></font><br>
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