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<font size="+1"><i>January 20, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[shutdown]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.vox.com/2018/1/19/16910480/government-shutdown-national-parks-climate-energy">A
government shutdown will interrupt critical climate change
research</a></b><br>
Work is poised to stop at research sites as confusion spreads at
federal agencies.<br>
What will happen to the federal government's environmental
protection work if Congress can't pass a funding bill on time? Right
now, it's hard to say.<br>
A shutdown generally leads to furloughs for "nonessential"
employees, which means their work can't continue. It's a little
murky who falls into the "essential" category, and there are
contradictory reports on how the shutdown would actually play out...<br>
Agencies conducting research on climate change will feel the effects
of a shutdown. During the 17-day government shutdown in 2013,
research on melting ice, rising seas, and global weather ground to a
halt.<br>
Much of climate field research requires extensive careful planning,
and research sites like the polar ice caps are only accessible at
certain times of the year. Stopping work in these areas proved
especially disruptive for data collection: It created gaps in the
record and added unexpected shutdown and restart costs.<br>
During the 2013 shutdown, climate researchers in Antarctica funded
through the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration were forced to stop working and start
packing. Researchers who didn't work for the federal government but
relied on data like satellite observations from federal agencies
were affected too.<br>
According to the Department of Commerce's shutdown plan, "most
research activities" at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology and NOAA would stop except computer modeling for
hurricanes and for flight planning.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/2018/1/19/16910480/government-shutdown-national-parks-climate-energy">https://www.vox.com/2018/1/19/16910480/government-shutdown-national-parks-climate-energy</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[EPA Superfund cleanup]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/epa-official-says-trump-needs-plan-for-climate-change-threat-to-superfund-sites/">EPA
official says Trump needs plan for climate change threat to
Superfund sites</a></b><br>
WASHINGTON — A top manager who supervises the Environmental
Protection Agency program responsible for cleaning up the nation's
most contaminated properties and waterways told Congress on Thursday
that the government needs to plan for the ongoing threat posed to
Superfund sites from climate change.<br>
The testimony by EPA Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator Barry
Breen before a House oversight subcommittee conflicts with the
agency's policy positions under President Donald Trump, who has
called climate change a hoax. Breen's boss, EPA Administrator Scott
Pruitt, is an ardent fossil fuel promoter who questions the validity
of mainstream climate science.<br>
During a hearing Thursday, Rep. Jerry McNerney, a California
Democrat, asked Breen whether extreme weather events like hurricanes
and wildfires could damage the highly toxic sites and cause
contamination to spread.<br>
"We have to respond to climate change, that's just part of our
mission set," replied Breen, a career official who leads EPA's
Office of Land and Emergency Management. "So we need to design
remedies that account for that. We don't get to pick where Superfund
sites are. We deal with the waste where it is."<br>
There are more than 1,300 Superfund sites in the U.S...<br>
A subsequent AP review of EPA records and census data revealed that
more than 2 million Americans live within a mile of 327 Superfund
sites located in flood-prone areas or those at risk from rising sea
levels...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/epa-official-says-trump-needs-plan-for-climate-change-threat-to-superfund-sites/">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/epa-official-says-trump-needs-plan-for-climate-change-threat-to-superfund-sites/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
{City Council]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/single-post/2018/01/16/BREAKING-Los-Angeles-Councilmembers-to-roll-out-emergency-climate-motions-watch-live">Los
Angeles Councilmembers call for Climate Emergency Mobilization
Department</a></b><br>
Strong start for LA climate emergency department motions<br>
L.A. City Councilmembers Paul Koretz and Bob Blumenfield
co-sponsored a pair of motions calling for a new Climate Emergency
Mobilization Department (CEMD) in America's second largest city.<br>
"Our collective house is on fire and nobody knows that better than
the people of Los Angeles. It's time we started acting like it.
These City Council motions recognize the real lesson of these
unprecedented winter fires and mudslides - that the time has come
for an immediate, whole-of-society mobilization to address the
climate emergency, with the highest priority placed upon a just
transition and the needs of frontline communities."<br>
1.<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe55ec_36162e6281594725a69090cff477180f.pdf">
A motion </a>to establish a City of Los Angeles Climate Emergency
Mobilization Department to oversee an emergency effort to radically
reduce and remove greenhouse gas emissions citywide; <br>
2. <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe55ec_58bd399fd62749a7ba8e1208527f1715.pdf">A
request</a> for the use of California Office of Emergency Services
mitigation funds to establish the new department.<br>
Motion PDF
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe55ec_36162e6281594725a69090cff477180f.pdf">https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe55ec_36162e6281594725a69090cff477180f.pdf</a><br>
Request PDF
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe55ec_58bd399fd62749a7ba8e1208527f1715.pdf">https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fe55ec_58bd399fd62749a7ba8e1208527f1715.pdf</a><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/single-post/2018/01/16/BREAKING-Los-Angeles-Councilmembers-to-roll-out-emergency-climate-motions-watch-live">https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/single-post/2018/01/16/BREAKING-Los-Angeles-Councilmembers-to-roll-out-emergency-climate-motions-watch-live</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[University of California]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/rain-goes-rogue">Rain
goes rogue</a></b><br>
By Brian Bell, UC Irvine<br>
For Californians from Crescent City to Chula Vista, the second week
of 2018 brought rain showers. Was it merely a fluke in the middle of
an ongoing dry spell, or does it mean we're on the verge of another
wet winter, similar to last year's? The answer, according to a UC
Irvine climatologist, is up in the air — literally and
figuratively...<br>
"In a recent paper in the Journal of Climate, we argued that warming
in the Arctic and a reduction of sea ice in the polar region has
caused a shift in the way our atmosphere functions," he says. "So
that may affect how the jet stream moves north or south, a potential
factor that could affect California."...<br>
Another complication is the emergence of the "Pacific blob," an area
of abnormally high sea surface temperatures lasting more than 12
months. Measurements in the Gulf of Alaska show that there have been
10 Pacific blobs since 1948, five of them after 1990, yet more
evidence of human-induced climate change....<br>
He acknowledges that more research is needed to determine whether
there's a direct link between the Pacific blob and rainfall in
California but says "there's a possibility. The main thing I want to
emphasize is the change in the internal workings of the atmosphere
in the Northern Hemisphere brought on by warming in the Arctic."..<br>
"This is still just an idea, but we may be able to use the condition
of the Arctic as a new method for predicting rainfall in
California," Yu says. "By entering measurements for the sea ice
extent and concentration in the polar region in a computer model, we
may be able to predict where the jet stream is going to be located
in three or six months."<br>
He adds: "El Nino has a negative part but also a positive part, in
that it has been a way to project rainfall in California. Global
warming is obviously very negative, but there may also be a positive
angle — using Arctic warming to help us forecast wet or dry winters
here."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/rain-goes-rogue">https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/rain-goes-rogue</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Current Policy]<br>
<b><a
href="http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/369520-study-white-house-abandoning-science-advice-at-unprecedented-levels">Study:
White House abandoning science advice at unprecedented levels</a></b><br>
By Miranda Green - from THE HILL<br>
A report released by the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) on
Thursday provides a stark portrayal of how the federal government's
relationship with scientists has deteriorated since President Donald
Trump took office.<br>
According to the report by UCS, a nonprofit group of independent
scientists, the administration's skeptical view of science advisers
is represented by diminished staffing at the White House and across
various government agencies.<br>
President Trump is the first president in four decades to not
appoint a presidential science adviser, the report said. Less than a
third of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy is
full, with only 38 of 130 total positions filled. <br>
In terms of government posts at the National Academies of Science
that are designated as "scientist appointees," Trump has only filled
20 out of 77 positions. Comparatively, at the same point in their
respective administrations, President Obama had 62 roles filled and
President George W. Bush had filled 51. <br>
Looking at science advisory boards and committees across the various
government agencies, the UCS study found that membership dropped 14
percent due to factors such as freezing of membership and disbanding
of committees altogether. Examples include the Food and Drug
Administration's disbanded Food Advisory Committee and the
Department of the Interior's (DOI) disbanded climate science
advisory committee.<br>
The total number of science advisory committee meetings in 2017 also
decreased 20 percent from 2016, the study found.<br>
The drop in the frequency of meetings of science advisory boards was
most notable at key federal science agencies: the Department of
Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and DOI. All three
met less often in 2017 than at any time since 1997.<br>
The findings confirmed promises made by various leaders within the
Trump administration to increase the voices of the fossil fuel
industry in advisory boards. <br>
For example, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt has noted a desire to
include more industry voices as a way to level the playing field.
Earlier this year he also banned all experts who receive grants from
the EPA from serving as advisers on any committee. <br>
Looking at the EPA specifically, the study found that looking
forward to 2018, 23 percent of those sitting on the agency's Science
Advisory Board will be industry representatives, compared to only 6
percent in 2017. Also, 50 percent of individuals on the board will
be from academia, compared to 79 percent in 2017.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/369520-study-white-house-abandoning-science-advice-at-unprecedented-levels">http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/369520-study-white-house-abandoning-science-advice-at-unprecedented-levels</a></font><br>
-<br>
<font size="-1">Union of Concerned Scientists Report<br>
<a
href="https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/01/abandoning-science-advice-full-report.pdf">Trump
Administration's Strained Relationship with Science and Evidence</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/01/abandoning-science-advice-full-report.pdf">https://www.ucsusa.org/sites/default/files/attach/2018/01/abandoning-science-advice-full-report.pdf</a></font><br>
- <br>
[a year ago March 2017]<br>
<b><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/28/trump-clean-power-plan-executive-order-coal-industry,,">Trump
moves to dismantle Obama's climate legacy with executive order</a></b><br>
Environmentalists decry 'embarrassing' order to review Obama's clean
power plan and other regulations, as White House claims victory for
coal industry<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/28/trump-clean-power-plan-executive-order-coal-industry">https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/28/trump-clean-power-plan-executive-order-coal-industry</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[Why 2 is worse than 1.5]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/1/19/16908402/global-warming-2-degrees-climate-change">This
graphic explains why 2 degrees of global warming will be way
worse than 1.5</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/1/19/16908402/global-warming-2-degrees-climate-change">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/1/19/16908402/global-warming-2-degrees-climate-change</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1.5C-vs-2C-final-843x1024.jpg">https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1.5C-vs-2C-final-843x1024.jpg</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Paris Agreement calculator]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311843.2017.1420365">Our
"responsibility" and "capability" indices for top-50 GHG emitter
countries have finally been published. </a></b><br>
The Paris Agreement, signed in 2016, aims to strengthen the global
response to the<br>
threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development.
The Agreement<br>
will be implemented to reflect equity and the principle of common
but differentiated<br>
responsibilities (CBDR) and respective capabilities (RC). Our paper
introduces a<br>
tool that ranks countries based on CBDR and RC indices. We expect
that the<br>
utilization of economic, social, technical, and environmental data
in quantification<br>
of CBDR and RC can contribute to the understanding of definitions of
developed and<br>
developing countries, which is missing in the Paris Agreement.<b><br>
</b>
<blockquote><b>Abstract</b><br>
The aim of this paper is to develop two indices for quantifying
common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) and respective
capabilities (RC) of countries in mitigating climate change. These
composite indices can help facilitate fair allocation of GHG
emission reduction responsibilities across countries. Indices are
formulated by taking into account the economic, environmental,
social, and technical indicators of a given country. These
indicators are usually highly correlated. An index using these
indicators must take this high correlation into account, otherwise
it will either over or underestimate the responsibility and the
capability of a country. This study takes the correlation between
the indicators into account in developing the CBDR and RC indices
via the principal components method...<br>
<br>
<b>2.1. Responsibility</b><br>
Allocation of responsibility is the most important point of equity
in the context of climate change. The responsibility for climate
change has scientific, political, and ethical dimensions However,
the determination of responsibilities in terms of scientific and
moral concerns is quite difficult. Although several proposals for
quantifying countries' causal or moral responsibilities have been
made there is no consensus on how to define responsibility.<br>
<br>
Responsibility theories deal with protecting sufferers from
others' wrong actions. The principle of polluter pays, which is
based on addressing climate change problem in line with
accountability for the consequences of the problem, distributes
efforts as a compensation tool by sharing responsibilities in
accordance with contribution to the problem. Polluter pays
principle is based on the ethical notion that thou shalt not harm
others or at least not harm others "knowingly". In other words,
any polluter who is conscious about the damage he/she has caused
should have greater responsibility than others who are not aware
of the consequences of their actions. <br>
<br>
<b>2.2. Capability</b><br>
Capability is highly related to the welfare, technology,
institutions, skills, information, and opportunities in a society.
It is expected that developed countries have more capacity to
address the problem. During the negotiations under the ADP, for
instance, many countries' and NGOs' stressed the relationship
between commitments and RC. The concerns were based on the
impossibility of success in the climate change negotiations
without appropriately and fairly considering the RC. When
considering the importance of GDP in the determination of
capability, increasing capacity in terms of per capita GDP is
strongly associated with high emissions and high per capita
emissions. However, capability is not only related to per capita
GDP and per capita emission, but also related to social,
technological, and institutional factors modify GDP in terms of
relative prosperity levels, which are determined by the taxable
income, and obtain the gross taxable income based on the general
ability to pay. However, they only handle the economic dimension
of the RC. The technological and social dimensions should also be
integrated into economic dimensions holistically, because
un-advanced technological level may hinder the economic growth
and/or negative attitude may prevent the necessary social support
during the implementation of environmental policies.<br>
<br>
The differentiation of commitments and contributions in the light
of national circumstances, the principle of CBDR and RC were
reiterated in the Paris Agreement. Therefore, the representation
of the countries' national circumstances through quantification of
related indicators gains a significant importance for reflecting
equity and the principle of the CBDR and RC in nationally
determined contributions including emission reductions and
providing finance. Thus, there is an urgent need to accurately use
CBDR and RC to assess the INDC of each country. Therefore,
objectively quantified CBDR and RC criteria can be useful for
policy-makers and negotiators.</blockquote>
You can access to the article, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311843.2017.1420365">"Developing
CBDR-RC Indices for Fair Allocation of <br>
Emission Reduction Responsibilities and Capabilities across
Countries",</a> through the<br>
following link:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311843.2017.1420365">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311843.2017.1420365</a><br>
-<br>
[Interactive Climate Data]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/">Climate
Equity Reference Calculator</a></b><br>
Basic Equity Settings<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/">https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/</a></font><br>
<blockquote>The <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climateequityreference.org/calculator/">Climate
Equity Reference Calculator</a> is a general online equity
reference tool and database that systematically applies a
generalized and transparent equity reference framework with the
goal of quantitatively examining the problem of national fair
shares in a global effort to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. It can be applied using a range of possible
assumptions, and whatever values are chosen, they are applied to
all countries, in a dynamic fashion that reflects the changing
global economy.<br>
<br>
The Calculator is designed to allow the user to specify their own
preferred interpretation of national responsibility and capability
for climate action. This interpretation is then used, together
with standard demographic and macroeconomic indicators, to
determine each country's implied fair share of the global
mitigation effort. The Calculator is designed to be quite flexible
- as is immediately visible from the options presented in their
"Equity Settings" greeting pages, and the further options
available within the Calculator's Settings panel. The goal is to
support a wide range of plausibly legitimate interpretations of
the Convention's core equity principles.<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climateequityreference.org/calculator-about/">https://climateequityreference.org/calculator-about/</a></font><br>
-<br>
[Glossary]<br>
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<ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none none;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#sc_credits"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Acknowledgements</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#adapt_cost"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(107, 135, 195); display:
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Adaptation cost
as a % of GWP</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#adapt_need"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Adaptation Need</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_bau"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Business as
Usual</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_capacity"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(107, 135, 195); display:
block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Capability</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#def_cerp"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Climate Equity
Reference Framework</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_dev_threshold"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Development
Threshold</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#dom_emissions"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(107, 135, 195); display:
block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Domestic
emissions</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#dom_mitigation"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Domestic
mitigation</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#dom_funded"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(107, 135, 195); display:
block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Domestically-funded
mitigation</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#emiss_elast"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(107, 135, 195); display:
block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Emissions
elasticity</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#embodied_emissions"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Emissions
embodied in trade</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_ei"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(107, 135, 195); display:
block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Emissions
Intensity</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_esettings"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none; color: rgb(77, 89, 164); display:
block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239); outline: 0px;
background: rgb(240, 243, 250);">Equity Settings - What they
are and how to use them</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_fair"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Fair Share</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_path"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Global
Mitigation Pathways / Level of Global Ambition</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_mitreq"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Global
Mitigation Requirement</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#def_gdrs"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Greenhouse
Development Rights (GDRs)</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
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width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#cum_respons"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Historical
Responsibility Start Date</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#incr_cost"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Incremental
Costs</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_kyoto"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Kyoto
Obligation</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#lu_emissions"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Land-use
emissions</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#lux_multiplier"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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block; float: left; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em;
padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
"Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Luxury
Multiplier</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
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width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#lux_threshold"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Luxury
threshold</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#mit_cost"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Mitigation cost
as % of GWP</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_mitob"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Mitigation Fair
Share</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#mit_fundedbyothers"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Mitigation
funded by other countries</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#mit_other"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Mitigation
funded in other countries</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#mit_lag"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Mitigation
Smoothing</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#non_co2_gases"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Non-CO2 gases</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_dom"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Pledged Effort</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#progressivity"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Progressivity</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_responsibility"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Responsibility</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch:
inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; float: left;
width: auto;"><a
href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_rci"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Responsibility
and Capability Index (RCI)</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#r_weight"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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border-right: 2px solid rgb(210, 219, 239);">Responsibility
weight</a></li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-style: inherit;
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inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;
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href="https://calculator.climateequityreference.org/glossary.php#gloss_pledge"
style="border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold;
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padding: 0px 1em; width: auto; font-family: ProximaNova,
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</ul>
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<br>
<br>
[Greenhouse Development Rights set 2014]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://gdrights.org/2014/01/14/the-three-salient-global-mitigation-pathways-assessed-in-light-of-the-ipcc-carbon-budgets/">Three
salient global mitigation pathways, assessed in light of the
IPCC carbon budgets</a></b><br>
Jan 14, 2014<br>
In this paper - for this post is actually a paper - we present
these three pathways - a Strong 2ºC pathway, a Weak 2 degree C
pathway, and a G8 pathway — and their levels of risk, in a fairly
precise and technical manner.<br>
The key features of these pathways and the findings of our analysis
can be summarized as follows:<br>
<blockquote><b>The Strong 2 degree C pathway </b>is defined to be
an extremely ambitious mitigation pathway that can still be
defended as being techno-economically achievable... Emissions peak
in 2014 and reach an annual peak reduction rate of about 6.1% per
year (6.0% for fossil CO2 only). Cumulative carbon dioxide
emissions after 2012 are 780 gigatonnes CO2 (Gt CO2), which is
well within the IPCC's budget of 1,010 GtCO2 for maintaining a 66%
likelihood of keeping warming below 2 degree C...<br>
<br>
<b>The Weak 2 degree C pathway</b> is fashioned after well-known
and often-cited emissions pathways that are typically presented as
having a "likely" (greater than 66%, in the IPCC's terminology)
chance of keeping warming below 2 degree C. Emissions peak in 2014
and reach a maximum annual reduction rate of 3.3% per year (4.4%
for fossil CO2 only). Cumulative carbon dioxide emissions from
2012 onward are 1,270 Gt CO2. This exceeds the IPCC's budget of
1,120 GtCO2 for maintaining a 50% chance of keeping warming below
2 degree C, suggesting that this pathway carries substantially
higher risks than previously believed.<br>
<br>
<b>The G8 pathway,</b> a marker of the high-level political
consensus in developed countries, is based on emissions targets
given in an official declaration of the Group of Eight
industrialized countries at its 2009 Summit in L'Aquila, Italy (G8
2009). This pathway is not precisely specified in this
declaration, but is sufficiently well-defined that we can compare
it with the IPCC budgets. Emissions peak in 2020, decline by a
maximum of 4.9% per year (6.0% for fossil CO2 only). Its
cumulative carbon dioxide budget of 1,610Gt CO2 considerably
exceeds the IPCC's budget of 1,410 GtCO2 for maintaining a 33%
chance of keeping warming below 2 degree C. We thus find that its
chance of keeping warming below 2 degree C is far less than 33%.<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://gdrights.org/2014/01/14/the-three-salient-global-mitigation-pathways-assessed-in-light-of-the-ipcc-carbon-budgets/">http://gdrights.org/2014/01/14/the-three-salient-global-mitigation-pathways-assessed-in-light-of-the-ipcc-carbon-budgets/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[RAP music video ]<br>
Baba Brinkman Jan 19, 2017<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEx-F-pSdXA">Erosion -
Donald Trump vs Global Warming Music Video</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEx-F-pSdXA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEx-F-pSdXA</a></font><br>
<div class="asset-body" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.75em; padding: 0px;
clear: both; height: 1127px;"><font size="+1"> <br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climatecrocks.com/2015/01/20/obama-makes-passionate-appeal-for-climate-action-in-state-of-the-union-address/">This
Day in Climate History January 21, 2015</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b><i><br>
</i>In his State of the Union address, President Obama declares:<br>
</font>
<blockquote><font size="+1">"No challenge - no challenge - poses a
greater threat to future</font><br>
<font size="+1">generations than climate change.</font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1">"2014 was the planet's warmest year on record.
Now, one year doesn't</font><br>
<font size="+1">make a trend, but this does - 14 of the 15
warmest years on record</font><br>
<font size="+1">have all fallen in the first 15 years of this
century.</font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1">"I've heard some folks try to dodge the evidence
by saying they're not</font><br>
<font size="+1">scientists; that we don't have enough
information to act. Well, I'm</font><br>
<font size="+1">not a scientist, either. But you know what - I
know a lot of really</font><br>
<font size="+1">good scientists at NASA, and NOAA, and at our
major universities. The</font><br>
<font size="+1">best scientists in the world are all telling us
that our activities</font><br>
<font size="+1">are changing the climate, and if we do not act
forcefully, we'll</font><br>
<font size="+1">continue to see rising oceans, longer, hotter
heat waves, dangerous</font><br>
<font size="+1">droughts and floods, and massive disruptions
that can trigger greater</font><br>
<font size="+1">migration, conflict, and hunger around the
globe. The Pentagon says</font><br>
<font size="+1">that climate change poses immediate risks to our
national security. We</font><br>
<font size="+1">should act like it.</font><br>
<br>
<font size="+1">"That's why, over the past six years, we've done
more than ever before</font><br>
<font size="+1">to combat climate change, from the way we
produce energy, to the way</font><br>
<font size="+1">we use it. That's why we've set aside more
public lands and waters</font><br>
<font size="+1">than any administration in history. And that's
why I will not let this</font><br>
<font size="+1">Congress endanger the health of our children by
turning back the clock</font><br>
<font size="+1">on our efforts. I am determined to make sure
American leadership</font><br>
<font size="+1">drives international action. In Beijing, we made
an historic</font><br>
<font size="+1">announcement - the United States will double the
pace at which we cut</font><br>
<font size="+1">carbon pollution, and China committed, for the
first time, to limiting</font><br>
<font size="+1">their emissions. And because the world's two
largest economies came</font><br>
<font size="+1">together, other nations are now stepping up, and
offering hope that,</font><br>
<font size="+1">this year, the world will finally reach an
agreement to protect the</font><br>
<font size="+1">one planet we've got."</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font size="+1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://time.com/3675705/full-text-state-union-2015/">http://time.com/3675705/full-text-state-union-2015/</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPHH1Ykx1jY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPHH1Ykx1jY</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://climatecrocks.com/2015/01/20/obama-makes-passionate-appeal-for-climate-action-in-state-of-the-union-address/">http://climatecrocks.com/2015/01/20/obama-makes-passionate-appeal-for-climate-action-in-state-of-the-union-address/</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/01/20/3613554/obama-climate-state-of-the-union">http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/01/20/3613554/obama-climate-state-of-the-union</a><br>
<i><br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</i></font><font
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