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<font size="+1"><i>February 11, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[BBC]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-42982959">The 11 cities most
likely to run out of drinking water - like Cape Town</a></b><br>
...the plight of the drought-hit South African city is just one
extreme example of a problem that experts have long been warning
about - water scarcity...<br>
According to UN-endorsed projections, global demand for fresh water
will exceed supply by 40% in 2030, thanks to a combination of
climate change, human action and population growth.<br>
It shouldn't be a surprise, then, that Cape Town is just the tip of
the iceberg. Here are the other 11 cities most likely to run out of
water.<br>
<blockquote><b>1. Sao Paulo</b><br>
Brazil's financial capital and one of the 10 most populated cities
in the world went through a similar ordeal to Cape Town in 2015,
when the main reservoir fell below 4% capacity.<br>
At the height of the crisis, the city of over 21.7 million
inhabitants had less than 20 days of water supply and police had
to escort water trucks to stop looting...<br>
<b>2. Bangalore</b><br>
Local officials in the southern Indian city have been bamboozled
by the growth of new property developments following Bangalore's
rise as a technological hub and are struggling to manage the
city's water and sewage systems.<br>
To make matters worse, the city's antiquated plumbing needs an
urgent upheaval; a report by the national government found that
the city loses over half of its drinking water to waste...<br>
<b>3. Beijing</b><br>
The World Bank classifies water scarcity as when people in a
determined location receive less than 1,000 cubic metres of fresh
water per person.<br>
In 2014, each of the more than 20 million inhabitants of Beijing
had only 145 cubic metres.<br>
China is home to almost 20% of the world's population but has only
7% of the world's fresh water...<br>
<b>4. Cairo</b><br>
Once crucial to the establishment of one of the world's greatest
civilisations, the River Nile is struggling in modern times.<br>
It is the source of 97% of Egypt's water but also the destination
of increasing amounts of untreated agricultural, and residential
waste...<br>
<b>5. Jakarta</b><br>
Like many coastal cities, the Indonesian capital faces the threat
of rising sea levels.<br>
But in Jakarta the problem has been made worse by direct human
action. Because less than half of the city's 10 million residents
have access to piped water, illegal digging of wells is rife. This
practice is draining the underground aquifers, almost literally
deflating them.<br>
As a consequence, about 40% of Jakarta now lies below sea level,
according to World Bank estimates...<br>
<b>6. Moscow</b><br>
One-quarter of the world's fresh water reserves are in Russia, but
the country is plagued by pollution problems caused by the
industrial legacy of the Soviet era.<br>
That is specifically worrying for Moscow, where the water supply
is 70% dependent on surface water.<br>
Official regulatory bodies admit that 35% to 60% of total drinking
water reserves in Russia do not meet sanitary standards...<br>
<b>7. Istanbul</b><br>
According to official Turkish government figures, the country is
technically in a situation of a water stress, since the per capita
supply fell below 1,700 cubic metres in 2016.<br>
Local experts have warned that the situation could worsen to water
scarcity by 2030...<br>
<b>8. Mexico City</b><br>
Water shortages are nothing new for many of the 21 million
inhabitants of the Mexican capital.<br>
One in five get just a few hours from their taps a week and
another 20% have running water for just part of the day.<br>
The city imports as much as 40% of its water from distant sources
but has no large-scale operation for recycling wastewater. Water
losses because of problems in the pipe network are also estimated
at 40%...<br>
<b>9. London</b><br>
Of all the cities in the world, London is not the first that
springs to mind when one thinks of water shortages.<br>
The reality is very different. With an average annual rainfall of
about 600mm (less than the Paris average and only about half that
of New York), London draws 80% of its water from rivers (the
Thames and Lee)...<br>
<b>10. Tokyo</b><br>
The Japanese capital enjoys precipitation levels similar to that
of Seattle on the US west coast, which has a reputation for rain.
Rainfall, however, is concentrated during just four months of the
year.<br>
That water needs to be collected, as a drier-than-expected rainy
season could lead to a drought. At least 750 private and public
buildings in Tokyo have rainwater collection and utilisation
systems...<br>
<b>11. Miami</b><br>
The US state of Florida is among the five US states most hit by
rain every year. However, there is a crisis brewing in its most
famous city, Miami.<br>
An early 20th Century project to drain nearby swamps had an
unforeseen result; water from the Atlantic Ocean contaminated the
Biscayne Aquifer, the city's main source of fresh water.<br>
Although the problem was detected in the 1930s, seawater still
leaks in, especially because the American city has experienced
faster rates of sea level rise, with water breaching underground
defence barriers installed in recent decades.<br>
Neighbouring cities are already struggling. Hallandale Beach,
which is just a few miles north of Miami, had to close six of its
eight wells due to saltwater intrusion.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-42982959">http://www.bbc.com/news/world-42982959</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[ Icepocalypse color graphick]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://youtu.be/Pp5kK0Td-Vc">Ice
Apocalypse - MULTIPLE METERS SEA LEVEL RISE</a></b><br>
Climate State<br>
Published Nov, 2017<br>
Rapid collapse of Antarctic glaciers could flood coastal cities by
the end of this century. Based on an article written by Eric
Holthaus. Read the full story <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://grist.org/article/antarctica-doomsday-glaciers-could-flood-coastal-cities/">https://grist.org/article/antarctica-doomsday-glaciers-could-flood-coastal-cities/</a><br>
Support the next narrated video with a paypal donation to <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:climatestate@gmail.com">climatestate@gmail.com</a> ,
or become a patreon <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://patreon.com/ClimateState">http://patreon.com/ClimateState</a>
Thank You.<br>
Narration by Vomatt <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.fiverr.com/vomatt">https://www.fiverr.com/vomatt</a><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/Pp5kK0Td-Vc">https://youtu.be/Pp5kK0Td-Vc</a></font><br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://www.academia.edu/download/543214/95BlanchonGeology.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3OQescmdBjRT4uI6ROYSdfIXRyvA&nossl=1&oi=scholarr">Reef
drowning during the last deglaciation: Evidence for catastrophic
sea-level rise and ice-sheet collapse</a></b><br>
Paul Blanchon Department of Geology, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada<br>
John Shaw Department of Geography, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2H4, Canada<br>
<blockquote> <b>ABSTRACT:</b><br>
Elevations and ages of drowned Acropora palmata reefs from the
Caribbean-Atlantic<br>
region document three catastrophic, metre-scale sea-level-rise
events during the last<br>
deglaciation. These catastrophic rises were synchronous with (1)
collapse of the<br>
Laurentide and Antarctic ice sheets, (2) dramatic reorganization
of ocean-atmosphere<br>
circulation and, (3) releases of huge volumes of sub- and
proglacial meltwater. This<br>
correlation suggests that release of stored meltwater periodically
de-stabilized ice sheets,<br>
causing them to collapse and send huge fleets of icebergs into the
Atlantic. Massive<br>
inputs of ice not only produced catastrophic sea-level rise,
drowning reefs and<br>
destabilizing other ice sheets, but also rapidly reduced the
elevation of the Laurentide<br>
ice sheet, flipping atmospheric circulation patterns and forcing
warm equatorial waters<br>
into the frigid North Atlantic. Such dramatic evidence of
catastrophic climate and sealevel<br>
change during deglaciation has potentially disastrous implications
for the future,<br>
especially as the stability of remaining ice sheets - such as west
Antarctica - is in question<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://www.academia.edu/download/543214/95BlanchonGeology.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3OQescmdBjRT4uI6ROYSdfIXRyvA&nossl=1&oi=scholarr">http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=http://www.academia.edu/download/543214/95BlanchonGeology.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3OQescmdBjRT4uI6ROYSdfIXRyvA&nossl=1&oi=scholarr</a><br>
[flowchart]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://cdn.antarcticglaciers.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/marine-ice-sheet-instability-hypothesis.png">Marine
Ice Sheet Instability Hypothesis</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://cdn.antarcticglaciers.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/marine-ice-sheet-instability-hypothesis.png">http://cdn.antarcticglaciers.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/marine-ice-sheet-instability-hypothesis.png</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/glaciers-and-climate/ice-ocean-interactions/marine-ice-sheets/">http://www.antarcticglaciers.org/glaciers-and-climate/ice-ocean-interactions/marine-ice-sheets/</a></font><br>
-<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/10/first-images-of-creatures-from-antarctic-depths-revealed">First
images of creatures from Antarctic depths revealed</a></b><br>
Photographs of rare species from unexplored area of Antarctic seabed
highlight need to protect life in one of the most remote places on
the planet<br>
(Click images for full caption information)<br>
by Matthew Taylor<br>
Will McCallum of Greenpeace's Protect the Antarctic campaign, said
survey showed the Antarctic seafloor was "bursting with a stunning
diversity of life and colour, from tiny sea spiders, to feather
stars, worms, krill and rare corals and sponges."<br>
"We know so little about this precious ecosystem and we hope that
our work with an Antarctic seafloor specialist, diving to the depths
to collect crucial footage and specimens, can help provide the
evidence of the need to secure strong protection for huge swathes of
the Antarctic, including a vast 1.8m sq km Antarctic Ocean
Sanctuary."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/10/first-images-of-creatures-from-antarctic-depths-revealed">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/10/first-images-of-creatures-from-antarctic-depths-revealed</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[video visualizing data]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRn69Vs1vco">Understanding
the Role of Ice Shelf-Ocean Interactions in a Changing Climate</a></b><br>
Argonne National Laboratory Published Jan, 2018<br>
Mark Petersen, Los Alamos National Laboratory <br>
Read more here - <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.alcf.anl.gov/projects/understanding-role-ice-shelf-ocean-interactions-changing-global-climate">https://www.alcf.anl.gov/projects/understanding-role-ice-shelf-ocean-interactions-changing-global-climate</a><br>
Projecting the rate and probability of future sea-level rise is a
primary science driver for the Department of Energy's (DOE)
Accelerated Climate Model for Energy (ACME) project. ACME is
focusing on better understanding the potential for rapid sea-level
rise from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) where both observations and
modeling indicate that ice sheet mass loss is highly sensitive to
changes in oceanic melting of floating ice shelves. <br>
To understand this sensitivity and its potential impact on future
sea level rise, ACME scientists have introduced new,
variable-resolution ocean and sea-ice models for simulating the key
processes responsible for delivering warm waters to the base of
Antarctic ice shelves.<br>
The proposed research includes a suite of simulations of varying
resolution and complexity designed to: <br>
(1) validate the ACME ocean models in global, coupled configurations
with ocean circulation in ice shelf cavities; <br>
(2) explore the influence of global climate on sub-ice shelf melting
(and vice versa); <br>
(3) explore the impact of anticipated changes in climate on sub-ice
shelf melting. <br>
The simulations will produce a greatly improved understanding of the
coupled interactions between ice sheets, oceans, and global climate,
which is a necessary first step in being able to accurately project
future sea-level change using dynamic ice sheet models coupled to
Earth System Models. <br>
The research brings together the new ACME capability of modeling ice
sheet-and-ocean interactions with DOE's expertise in climate
modeling and high performance computing, and applies it to the
pressing question of future ice shelf melting in Antarctica.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRn69Vs1vco">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRn69Vs1vco</a></font><br>
<br>
<b><br>
</b>[Intersection of Health and Climate]<b><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.climateinteractive.org/programs/multisolving/multisolving-at-the-intersection-of-health-and-climate/">Multisolving
at the Intersection of Health and Climate</a></b><br>
Lessons from Success Stories<br>
Around the world, people are innovating in ways that improve health
and protect the climate, often while saving money. What can we learn
from these projects, and how can we create more of them?<br>
We interviewed the leaders of ten such initiatives and presented our
findings on what is possible and how it can be accomplished in <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://d168d9ca7ixfvo.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Multisolving-at-the-Intersection-of-Health-and-Climate-1.pdf">Multisolving
at the Intersection of Health and Climate: Lessons From Success
Stories</a>, which was supported by a grant from the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation.<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.climateinteractive.org/get-involved/webinars/">Join
a webinar</a> discussing these cases and other pathways to
protecting the climate while also improving health. You can also <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://d168d9ca7ixfvo.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CI-Climate-Health-Press-Release-Feb-2018.pdf">read
our press release</a>.<br>
<font size="-1">Climate Interactive creates interactive,
scientifically rigorous tools that help people see connections,
play out scenarios, and see what works to address the biggest
challenges we face.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.climateinteractive.org/programs/multisolving/multisolving-at-the-intersection-of-health-and-climate/">https://www.climateinteractive.org/programs/multisolving/multisolving-at-the-intersection-of-health-and-climate/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Florida Health]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article199310404.html">If
you live in Florida, doctors say climate change is already
affecting your health</a></b><br>
BY ALEX HARRIS<br>
The popular thought is that the future impacts of a warming globe
are just that, problems for the future.<br>
But doctors in Florida say the changing climate is a public health
risk, one they already see in their waiting rooms right now. Now,
some clinicians have formed a new group to sound the alarm.<br>
They want to educate people and policymakers about the dangers of a
hotter, more humid world, and the risks to their most vulnerable
patients...<br>
"Being in Florida especially, you can't not realize what's happening
to our climate," she said. "I see it right now on a day-to-day
basis."<br>
She's not alone. Doctors across the state are worried too, and some
have banded together to form Florida Clinicians for Climate Action.
The group is so new it doesn't have a leadership structure or a set
agenda yet, but members said they want to make sure people know how
climate change is already affecting public health.<br>
The data on short term effects of global warming are sparse - likely
because the process is so slow moving and the changes are, for now,
minor - but doctors said they know what they see and they're ready
to act.<br>
Heat worsens asthma, heart and lung disorders and even mental
illnesses. Rising seas push floodwater polluted by leaky sewage
pipes into neighborhoods. A changing climate helps spread
mosquito-bourne diseases (think Zika), and research shows it makes
hurricanes stronger and more common.<br>
And who's most vulnerable? The same people that always are, doctors
say: low income populations, the elderly and people of color...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article199310404.html">http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article199310404.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[climate tort]<br>
<b><a
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/02/09/paris-climate-liability-suit/">Paris,
Inspired by New York City, Considers Climate Suit Against Oil
Companies</a></b><br>
Paris could become the first city in Europe to try to defray the
cost of climate change by taking fossil fuel companies to court.<br>
The City Council <a
href="https://350.org/press-release/paris-explores-climate-lawsuit-against-fossil-fuel-companies/">passed
a resolution</a> this week to examine suing oil and gas companies
to pay for the costs of climate impacts. It also wants to explore
lobbying other major cities to pull their investments from fossil
fuel producers, which have historically generated good returns for
investors....<br>
Legal experts often cite a lawsuit in the Netherlands as the best
case law for recognizing the connection between emissions and
climate change. In <i>Urgenda Foundation v. The State of
Netherlands</i>, the <a href="https://elaw.org/nl.urgenda.15">court
said </a>in 2015 the government must cut the country's emissions
more aggressively because the Netherlands shared the blame for the
rising global temperatures, even if its carbon footprint wasn't as
great as other countries'.<br>
New York City isn't the first American city to file climate lawsuits
against oil and gas companies. Seven other cities and counties, all
in California, have filed similar lawsuits. <a
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/01/13/climate-lawsuit-los-angeles/">Los
Angeles</a> and Boulder in Colorado have talked about doing the
same.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/02/09/paris-climate-liability-suit/">https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/02/09/paris-climate-liability-suit/</a></font><br>
[Press Release]<br>
<b><a
href="https://350.org/press-release/paris-explores-climate-lawsuit-against-fossil-fuel-companies/">Paris
explores climate lawsuit against fossil fuel companies</a></b><br>
The city council also decided to lobby other major cities such as
London to ban fossil fuels from their investments through the C40
Cities Climate Leadership Group, of which the mayor of Paris Anne
Hidalgo is president. The council also announced that it will
release an update on the progress that has been made since it
pledged to divest from fossil fuels in 2015<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://350.org/press-release/paris-explores-climate-lawsuit-against-fossil-fuel-companies/">https://350.org/press-release/paris-explores-climate-lawsuit-against-fossil-fuel-companies/</a></font><br>
[International Case Law]<br>
<b><a href="https://elaw.org/nl.urgenda.15">Urgenda Foundation v.
The State of the Netherlands</a></b><br>
The Hague District Court found that the Netherlands must do more to
avert the imminent danger posed by climate change in view of its
duty of care to protect and improve the living environment. In
addressing the fact that Dutch contribution to global climate
emissions is 0.5%, the Court said: "[I]t has been established that
any anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission, no matter how minor,
contributes to an increase in CO2 levels in the atmosphere and
therefore to hazardous climate change." Para. 4.79. In addition,
the Court found a sufficient causal link "can be assumed to exist"
between Dutch emissions, global climate change, and the effects.
The Court determined the Dutch government must reduce CO2 emissions
by a minimum of 25% (compared to 1990) by 2020 to fulfill its
obligation to protect and improve the living environment against the
imminent danger caused by climate change.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://elaw.org/nl.urgenda.15">https://elaw.org/nl.urgenda.15</a></font><br>
<b><a href="https://elaw.org/system/files/urgenda_0.pdf">Opinion
(English translation)</a></b> <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://elaw.org/system/files/urgenda_0.pdf">https://elaw.org/system/files/urgenda_0.pdf</a><br>
</font><b><a
href="http://www.urgenda.nl/en/climate-case/legal-documents.php">CLIMATE
CASE EXPLAINED</a></b><br>
SUMMARY<br>
In a letter to Urgenda, the Dutch government acknowledged that its
actions are insufficient to prevent dangerous climate change.
Urgenda concludes that The Netherlands is therefore knowingly
exposing its own citizens to dangerous situations, in which they and
their children will suffer serious hardship. In legal terms, that is
a wrongful act of the State. The Dutch Supreme Court has
consistently upheld the principle that the government can be held
legally accountable for not taking sufficient action to prevent
foreseeable harm. Urgenda argues that this is also the case with
climate change. The Urgenda Foundation and its co-plaintiffs believe
that preventing dangerous climate change is not only morally and
politically the right thing to do, but also that it is a legal
obligation that cannot be ignored.<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.urgenda.nl/en/climate-case/legal-documents.php">http://www.urgenda.nl/en/climate-case/legal-documents.php</a></font><br>
[2015 Video English subtitle]<br>
<b><a href="https://youtu.be/aY7eLKJWLxQ">Verdict in Dutch climate
case - with English subtitles</a></b><br>
Published on Jun 25, 2015<br>
Urgenda and nine hundred co-plaintiffs were victorious in the
climate case June 24th 2015, forcing the Dutch government to adopt
more stringent climate policies. The district court of The Hague has
granted the plaintiffs' claims, and the government is now required
to take more effective climate action to reduce the Netherlands'
considerable share in global emissions. <b>This is the first time
that a judge has legally required a State to take precautions
against climate change. This verdict will provide support to all
the other climate cases around the world.</b><br>
More information and the whole verdict and press releases in English
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.urgenda.nl/en/">http://www.urgenda.nl/en/</a><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/aY7eLKJWLxQ">https://youtu.be/aY7eLKJWLxQ</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[National Geographic]<b><br>
</b><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/virtual-reality-helping-nfl-quarterbacks--first-responders/">How
Virtual Reality Affects Actual Reality</a></b><br>
The technology helps quarterbacks learn plays, first responders
recover from PTSD, and everyone get a grip on climate change.<br>
<b>One of the bold claims you make is that VR can help save the
planet. Describe the thinking here, and how an experiment on the
island of Ischia, in Italy, is helping combat ignorance about
climate change.</b><br>
Climate change science is very abstract, so it's hard for a person
to fathom a world in which there are extreme weather events and
higher sea levels and how it's going to affect his or her daily
life. So what we did in Ischia was take a marine site that
scientists have been studying for decades, which shows how carbon
dioxide is destroying coral and degrading the food web...<br>
<blockquote> I can't bring the entire world to Ischia to show how
CO2 degrades ecosystems. But with VR, I can bring Ischia to
people. So we produced a seven-minute journey that shows how all
the oceans will look like in about 50 years, based on this one
site in Ischia. Using this VR model, people get to be a scientist,
explore the effects of CO2 on various species in the ecosystem and
organically learn by doing...<br>
</blockquote>
We've tested it in high school and college classrooms; thousands of
people go through it at different museums. We have a permanent
installation at the San Jose Tech Museum and we've brought it to the
U.S. Senate, where senators and congressmen and congresswomen can
experience it. I can confidently say that this simulation increases
knowledge about climate change by showing them, viscerally, how it
is going to affect us all...<br>
<br>
<b>What's the difference between watching a video of this and
sticking on a headset and VR goggles?</b><br>
The difference centers on what psychologists call "embodied
cognition," which is, we learn by doing. For a lot of the most
important learning events in your life, you actually did something;
you walked somewhere or felt something. VR gives people an active,
not passive, opportunity to explore a space to learn in ways that
people have been learning for hundreds of thousands of years. That
is, having an experience.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/virtual-reality-helping-nfl-quarterbacks--first-responders/">https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/virtual-reality-helping-nfl-quarterbacks--first-responders/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://c-spanvideo.org/program/Energ">This Day in
Climate History February 11, 1988 </a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
February 11, 1988: In a speech on environmental and energy policy in<br>
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Democratic presidential candidate Michael<br>
Dukakis declares: "We need someone in the White House who
understands<br>
that the United States must be a leader on international
environmental<br>
questions."<br>
(29:20-29:50) <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://c-spanvideo.org/program/Energ">http://c-spanvideo.org/program/Energ</a><br>
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