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<font size="+1"><i>March 16, 2018<br>
</i></font><br>
[no, not beer!]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/theres-trouble-brewing-for-beer">There's
Trouble Brewing For Beer in a Warming World</a></b><br>
Climate change affects three of beer's core ingredients: hops,
water, and barley.<br>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-4fff6aab-24f1-affe-4ac8-9db49d8c3f7d">Hops
are affected by heat and drought, and with </span><a
href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Regional_Office/Northwest/includes/Publications/Hops/hops1219.pdf">99
percent of U.S. hops grown in the Washington, Oregon, and Idaho</a>
(with over 70 percent grown in Washington alone), the <a
href="https://www.climate.gov/sites/default/files/phdi_0.png">drier
climate developing in the West</a> will impact production. Water
available for irrigating the hops largely comes from annual melting
of winter snowpack from the mountains. A warming world means more
rain versus snow in the winter, meaning irrigation may depend more
on ground water, which has a higher mineral content and affects the
beer's taste. Barley, the most common grain used in fermentation, is
primarily produced in the Upper Midwest and Northern Rockies, and
like many cereal crops, it is particularly susceptible to heatwaves
and droughts. U.S. farmers are planting less of it to reduce their
financial risk. Last year, Montana farmers planted <a
href="https://thefern.org/2017/12/climate-change-threatens-montanas-barley-farmers-possibly-beer/">23
percent less barley for the beer market</a> than in 2016, meaning
the final cost of beer at the pub or market may be going up.<br>
Small breweries are economic drivers in statewide economies, and
climate change affects the beer they brew. <strong><a
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/maps/the-economic-impacts-of-craft-beer">Here's
where it counts the most</a>.</strong><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/theres-trouble-brewing-for-beer">http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/theres-trouble-brewing-for-beer</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[8 questions an important legal procedure]<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/03/15/california-climate-liability-judge-william-alsup/"><b>Climate
Tutorial Ordered by Calif. Judge Adds Fascinating Wrinkle to
Liability Case</b></a><br>
Perhaps the most surprising part of the ruling that the San
Francisco and Oakland climate liability cases should remain in
federal court, was the subsequent hearing ordered by U.S. District
Judge William Alsup. He scheduled a climate science tutorial, a
five-hour hearing during which lawyers for both the plaintiffs and
the defendants will present information on the current state of
climate science.<br>
Alsup also presented <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180306_docket-317-cv-06011_order.pdf">eight
questions</a> he wants both sides to answer on March 21, including
the mechanisms that trap carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the
sources of that CO2. <br>
"His questions are fairly idiosyncratic, but in general I think this
shows an interest in wanting to understand the scientific
information underlying these lawsuits, and a tutorial is a good way
to do it because then it becomes a public education tool as well,"
said Peter Frumhoff, director of science and policy and chief
climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/03/15/california-climate-liability-judge-william-alsup/">https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/03/15/california-climate-liability-judge-william-alsup/</a></font><br>
-<br>
[8 Questions from the Judge]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180306_docket-317-cv-06011_order.pdf">SOME
QUESTIONS FOR THE TUTORIAL</a></b><b> </b> <br>
2 pages - 8 questions <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180306_docket-317-cv-06011_order.pdf">download
</a><br>
<font size="-1">For the tutorial please include the following
subjects: <br>
1. What caused the various ice ages (including the "little ice
age" and prolonged cool periods) and what caused the ice to melt?
When they melted, by how much did sea level rise?<br>
2. What is the molecular difference by which CO2 absorbs infrared
radiation but oxygen and nitrogen do not?<br>
3. What is the mechanism by which infrared radiation trapped by
CO2 in the atmosphere is turned into heat and finds its way back
to sea level? <br>
4. Does CO2 in the atmosphere reflect any sunlight back into space
such that the reflected sunlight never penetrates the atmosphere
in the first place?<br>
5. Apart from CO2, what happens to the collective heat from tail
pipe exhausts, engine radiators, and all other heat from
combustion of fossil fuels? How, if at all, does this collective
heat contribute to warming of the atmosphere?<br>
6. In grade school, many of us were taught that humans exhale CO2
but plants absorb CO2 and return oxygen to the air (keeping the
carbon for fiber). Is this still valid? If so, why hasn't plant
life turned the higher levels of CO2 back into oxygen? Given the
increase in human population on Earth (four billion), is human
respiration a contributing factor to the buildup of CO2?<br>
7. What are the main sources of CO2 that account for the
incremental buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere? <br>
8. What are the main sources of heat that account for the
incremental rise in temperature on Earth?<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180306_docket-317-cv-06011_order.pdf">http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180306_docket-317-cv-06011_order.pdf</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[theGuardian Opinion]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/15/50-years-climate-change-denial">It's
50 years since climate change was first seen. Now time is
running out</a></b><br>
Richard Wiles<br>
Making up for years of delay and denial will not be easy, nor will
it be cheap. Climate polluters must be held accountable<br>
Fifty years ago, the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) delivered a
report titled <a href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6852325"
data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline">Sources,
Abundance, and Fate of Gaseous Atmospheric Polluters</a> to the
American Petroleum Institute (API), a trade association for the
fossil fuel industry. <br>
The report, unearthed by researchers at the <a
href="http://www.ciel.org/" data-link-name="in body link"
class="u-underline">Center for International Environmental Law</a>,
is one of the earliest attempts by the industry to grapple with the
impacts of rising CO23 levels, which Stanford's researchers warned
if left unabated "could bring about climatic changes" like
temperature increases, melting of ice caps and sea level rise.<br>
In 1998, as the first global attempt to rein in climate pollution,
the Kyoto protocol, was headed to the Senate for ratification, API
circulated what has come to be known as the Victory Memo, a detailed
road map to undermining science and promoting denial of climate
change. According to API's top strategists: "Victory will be
achieved when: those promoting the Kyoto treaty on the basis of
extant science appear to be out of touch with reality."<br>
The memo's end goal was clear: create doubt about science where none
existed, deceive the media and Congress about the risks of climate
change, and block the momentum that was building to address rising
emissions through the Kyoto protocol, a precursor to the Paris
accord. ExxonMobil alone would go on to spend upwards of $30m on
ads, front groups, and pseudoscience intended to carry out the plan.
That's in addition to the cash that flooded the coffers of climate
deniers in Congress <a draggable="true"
href="http://www.fossilfreemit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/FossilFreeMIT-Lobbying-Disinformation.pdf"
data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline">who are rewarded
amply for willful ignorance</a>.<br>
<aside class="element element-rich-link element-rich-link--tag
element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded"
data-component="rich-link-tag" data-link-name="rich-link-tag">
<div class="rich-link tone-news--item rich-link--pillar-news">
<div class="rich-link__container"> API's strategic deception
campaign was a success, which is why we now stand at the brink
of the highest global temperature considered safe. Just what
it will mean to cross that line remains an ongoing question
for atmospheric scientists, but we've already started to get a
glimpse and it doesn't look good.<br>
We can't turn back the clock, but we can turn off the fossil
fuel firehose that's been pumping CO2 into our atmosphere and
demand that those who left it running help foot the bill for
the cleanup. Already we've seen cities like <a
href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/10/16875042/nyc-lawsuit-climate-change-lawsuit-fossil-fuel-companies-exxon-shell-bp"
data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline">New York</a>,
<a
href="http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-climate-1505933864-htmlstory.html"
data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline">San
Francisco</a>, and <a
href="http://www.marinij.com/general-news/20180206/richmond-joins-marin-others-in-climate-change-suits-against-oil-industry"
data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline">other
coastal cities</a> file lawsuits against climate polluters,
seeking to recover costs associated with planning for and
adapting to a warming world. With massive costs facing
hundreds more cities and no remedy in sight, more litigation
will follow.</div>
</div>
</aside>
Making up for 50 years of delay and denial will not be easy, nor
will it be cheap. But taxpayers should not have to shoulder the
burden alone. The API and its climate polluters knowingly and
deliberately caused this mess. They must help pay to clean it up. <br>
<em>Richard Wiles is the executive director of the <a
href="http://www.igsd.org/initiatives/the-center-for-climate-integrity/"
data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline">Center for
Climate Integrity</a></em><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/15/50-years-climate-change-denial">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/mar/15/50-years-climate-change-denial</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[TheTakeAway radio]<i> (mildly disturbing audio)</i><br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/california-wildfires-north-bay-kqed">How
Did California Wildfires Wreak So Much Havoc?</a></b><br>
Last fall, massive wildfires blazed furiously across Northern
California, killing 44 people and damaging or destroying more than
21,000 homes. The inferno covered an area the size of Maryland and
Delaware combined. Yet the cause of the fires is still unknown.<br>
Sukey Lewis, reporter for KQED News in San Francisco, and Lisa
Pickoff-White, data reporter for KQED, immediately started
investigating the government's response to the crisis.<br>
"On the first day of the fires, Sukey started going in the field to
report, and another coworker and I, Marisa Lagos, started filing
public records requests for 911 calls and also starting to listen to
dispatch," Pickoff-White explains. "We were hearing already from
community members that there were big delays in evacuation orders
going out."<br>
What they found in their five month-long investigation: 911 dispatch
centers overwhelmed by calls and unable to give clear directions to
residents trying to flee the flames, fire departments stretched thin
by multiple smaller electrical fires, and large systemic problems in
the way first responders communicated.<br>
Lewis and Pickoff-White examine what went wrong, and how California
residents are bearing the toll of that mismanagement.<br>
Click on the 'Listen' button above to hear this segment. Don't have
time to listen right now? Subscribe to our podcast via iTunes,
TuneIn, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts to take this
segment with you on the go.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/california-wildfires-north-bay-kqed">https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/california-wildfires-north-bay-kqed</a><br>
[California Fires Report] *warning: disturbing audio*<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong">'My
World Was Burning': The North Bay Fires and What Went Wrong</a></b><br>
"everybody in the entire region was absolutely overwhelmed."<br>
What they found in their <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong">five
month-long investigation</a>: 911 dispatch centers overwhelmed by
calls and unable to give clear directions to residents trying to
flee the flames, fire departments stretched thin by multiple smaller
electrical fires, and large systemic problems in the way first
responders communicated.<br>
Lewis and Pickoff-White examine what went wrong, and how California
residents are bearing the toll of that mismanagement.<br>
Among our findings:<br>
- Electrical problems sucked resources and delayed emergency
response: The fires started early; many were caused by downed power
lines, which overwhelmed the electrical grid and lit new blazes.
These electrical problems sucked firefighting resources to smaller
blazes, leaving first responders short-staffed when the larger fires
broke out later. The power issues also delayed fire crews, who had
to wait for utility workers to power down live lines.<br>
- Communication among first responders broke down: Inconsistencies,
in the technology and terminology used by different jurisdictions to
tell people to evacuate, caused confusion and delayed alerts to the
public.<br>
- 911 centers were overwhelmed: 911 operators were juggling dozens
of calls at once and were often unable to answer calls from people
in danger. When fire victims did get through, dispatchers didn't
know what to tell them about the safest way to flee the flames.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong">https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong</a></font><br>
[Call analysis]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong">Where
the Fires Burned and Who Was Called to Evacuate</a></b><br>
Sonoma County officials sent more than 20,000 reverse 911 calls on
the first night of the fires to warn residents to evacuate. But an
analysis of thousands of 911 calls and radio traffic between
dispatchers and first responders shows that evacuations were
requested long before the SoCo Alerts were actually sent. The map
does not include opt-in text and email alerts sent by Sonoma County
and Napa County officials.<br>
<blockquote>Another pattern emerged in our review of 911 calls: 911
operators couldn't give people clear directions on which way to
flee. Adrian Diaz lives in Redwood Valley, a Mendocino County town
about 70 miles north of Santa Rosa. Nine people died and 546
buildings were destroyed in Redwood Valley — including Diaz's
home.<br>
<br>
He was awakened around 1 a.m. by a neighbor as a huge, fast-moving
fire rushed toward his home. While his wife piled their three boys
into a car, he called 911 from their home phone. He got
disconnected, so he called back from his cellphone to ask which
way to evacuate.<br>
<br>
"They didn't tell me it was an evacuation," he said. "They just
said exit whichever way you feel is the safest. And I was like,
OK, well, I don't know - because I didn't know if it was worse
north or worse south."<br>
<br>
Two hours later, someone else in Redwood Valley called 911 and
asked the operator where to evacuate. The operator said she didn't
know.<br>
<br>
"You would have to look at where the fire is and not go that way.
I can't really direct you," she said. "I can't picture where you
are. You're going to have to use your common sense."<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1">Evacuation calls to landlines:<br>
11:35 p.m.: Reverse 911 calls go to 2,096 phone lines in the
Petrified Forest area northeast of Santa Rosa. Over an hour
earlier, Cal Fire officials asked for the calls to be made. That
night seven people died — or were fatally injured — inside this
evacuation zone that night.*<br>
1:05 a.m.: Calls expanded west to 2,772 more phone lines. At
midnight, a Sonoma County sheriff's deputy and state fire
officials requested these calls. Three people died.*<br>
1:53 a.m.: Calls to 5,381 phone lines in the Fountaingrove
neighborhood of Santa Rosa. At midnight, a sheriff's deputy had
requested the neighborhood to be evacuated. Four people died.*<br>
2:25 a.m.: Calls to 300 phone lines in Coffey Park in Santa Rosa.
Firefighters had been concerned for more than four hours that
fires would reach the area. Fires already had burned through many
of the area's cellphone towers and service lines. Three people
died.*<br>
3:15 a.m.: Calls to 3,468 phone lines in Kenwood in Sonoma County.
At midnight, dispatchers asked if the area should be evacuated.
Fire officials said no. One person died.*<br>
3:20: Calls expand to 7,967 phone lines in Coffey Park. This
neighborhood caught fire around 1 a.m. Four additional people
died.*<br>
*It is unknown at what time people died or were critically injured
on that night.<br>
Sources: Sonoma and Napa counties, Cal Fire, cities of Santa Rosa,
Napa and American Canyon<br>
Graphic by Alexandra Kanik and Lisa Pickoff-White. Research by
Peter Arcuni, Ingrid Becker, Sonja Hutson, Marisa Lagos, Sukey
Lewis, Lisa Pickoff-White and Vinnee Tong</font><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong">https://www.kqed.org/news/11654027/my-world-was-burning-the-north-bay-fires-and-what-went-wrong</a><font
size="-1"><br>
</font>[Aerial images]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="Inside%20the%20CHP%20Helicopter%20That%20Rescued%2026%20People%20From%20the%20Atlas%20Peak%20Fire">Inside
the CHP Helicopter That Rescued 26 People From the Atlas Peak
Fire</a></b><br>
KQED News - <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://vimeo.com/258335788">video</a> <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://vimeo.com/258335788">https://vimeo.com/258335788</a><br>
CHP Pilot Pete Gavitte and his flight officer Whitney Lowe were
flying their helicopter over the North Bay on the night of October
8th, when they heard chatter on their radio about a fire growing on
Atlas Peak.<br>
Within minutes, they were over the fire.<br>
The officers landed their helicopter in a field on the peak, and
began ferrying people to safety. They returned again and again, even
as powerful winds hammered their helicopter. By the end of the
night, they would fly 42 people off of Atlas Peak.<br>
To read the full KQED investigation into the north bay fires:
kqed.org/fireinvestigation<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://vimeo.com/258335788">https://vimeo.com/258335788</a><br>
</font><br>
<br>
[Weather Channel Obit]<br>
<b><a
href="https://weather.com/news/news/2018-03-14-stephen-hawking-dies-cambridge-england">Stephen
Hawking Dies at 76; Was Outspoken Supporter of Climate Change
Action in Recent Years</a></b><br>
One year ago, Hawking predicted in a BBC documentary "Stephen
Hawking: Expedition New Earth" that the human race has just 100
years to find a new planet to colonize because of the damage being
done to Earth from a number of factors, including climate change.<br>
Hawking also criticized President Donald Trump's decision to pull
the United States out of the Paris Climate Agreement last June.<br>
"We are close to the tipping point where global warming becomes
irreversible," he told BBC News. "Trump's action could push the
Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of
two hundred and fifty degrees, and raining sulphuric acid.<br>
"Climate change is one of the great dangers we face, and it's one we
can prevent if we act now. By denying the evidence for climate
change, and pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement, Donald Trump
will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet,
endangering the natural world, for us and our children."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://weather.com/news/news/2018-03-14-stephen-hawking-dies-cambridge-england">https://weather.com/news/news/2018-03-14-stephen-hawking-dies-cambridge-england</a></font><br>
[BBC obit Video]<br>
<b><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43408961">Stephen
Hawking's warnings: What he predicted for the future</a></b><br>
By Paul Rincon Science editor, BBC News website <br>
The Cambridge physicist regarded global warming as one of the
biggest threats to life on the planet. The physicist was
particularly fearful of a so-called tipping point, where global
warming would become irreversible. He also expressed concern about
America's decision to pull out of the Paris Agreement.<br>
"We are close to the tipping point where global warming becomes
irreversible. Trump's action could push the Earth over the brink, to
become like Venus, with a temperature of 250 degrees, and raining
sulphuric acid," he told BBC New...<br>
The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also
highlights the potential risk of hitting climate tipping points as
temperatures increase - though it also emphasises the gaps in our
knowledge.<br>
However, Hawking was in plentiful company in regarding global
warming as one of the great challenges of centuries to come.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43408961">http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43408961</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[water running low]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.sixdegreesnews.org/archives/23272/notes-from-the-future-a-film-on-cape-town-water-crisis">Notes
from the future: A film on Cape Town Water Crisis</a></b><br>
by SixDegrees<br>
The Cape Water Crisis. A film by Andrea Gema Films, produced by Rosa
Luxemburg Stiftung Southern Africa.<br>
Cape Town, South Africa, is dealing with a massive and serious water
crisis. Cape Town residents have been told not use more than 50
litres of water a day. Fresh water shouldn't be used for flushing
the toilet or watering plants and is cut during the day. Some
residents have to go to public springs and fetch water back home.<br>
For a lot of Capetonians, this has been a wake-up call that Water is
a limited resource. There has been a lot of planning for trying to
increase the supply of water in the City of Cape Town. But with a
third year of below-normal rainfall in 2017 the crisis has worsened.<br>
<b>Now it is no longer only the poor that are affected, but also the
rich. What's happening in Cape Town now might soon happen to many
places in the world.</b><br>
To prevent socio-ecological crises like this we need to manage our
resources more rationally and collectively.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.sixdegreesnews.org/archives/23272/notes-from-the-future-a-film-on-cape-town-water-crisis">http://www.sixdegreesnews.org/archives/23272/notes-from-the-future-a-film-on-cape-town-water-crisis</a></font>
<br>
[video water usage]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYDZ-ymbISg">Notes from
the future</a></b><br>
[ENGLISH] Cape Town, South Africa, is dealing with a massive and
serious water crisis. Cape Town residents have been told not use
more than 50 litres of water a day. Fresh water shouldn't be used
for flushing the toilet or watering plants and is cut during the
day. Some residents have to go to public springs and fetch water
back home. For a lot of Capetonians, this has been a wake-up call
that Water is a limited resource. There has been a lot of planning
for trying to increase the supply of water in the City of Cape Town.
But with a third year of below-normal rainfall in 2017 the crisis
has worsened. Now it is no longer only the poor that are affected,
but also the rich. What's happening in Cape Town now might soon
happen to many places in the world. To prevent socio-ecological
crises like this we need to manage our resources more rationally and
collectively.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYDZ-ymbISg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYDZ-ymbISg</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/difference-degree-makes-2958041">This
Day in Climate History - March 16, 2007</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b></font><br>
March 16, 2007: On "ABC World News Tonight," correspondent Bill
Blakemore explains the risks of rising worldwide temperatures.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/difference-degree-makes-2958041">http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/difference-degree-makes-2958041</a><br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><i>------------------------------------------<br>
</i></font><font size="+1"><i><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://pairlist10.pair.net/pipermail/theclimate.vote/2017-October/date.html">Archive
of Daily Global Warming News</a> </i></font><i><br>
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