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<font size="+1"><i>March 21, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[video lecture 1:04:11]<b><br>
</b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prAwHCtl0YE"><b>"Planetary
health: is human health at risk in the Anthropocene?" with Sir
Andrew Haines</b></a><br>
Oxford Martin School<br>
Streamed live on Mar 8, 2018<br>
Human health is better now than at any time in history. Thanks to
advancements in technology, industry, agriculture and public health,
we are living longer and more prosperous lives than ever before. But
since the start of the Anthropocene period - the geological epoch
marked by humankind's impact on the planet - unprecedented
environmental challenges, such as climate change and biodiversity
loss, are threatening our health and the health of our planet. Are
we at risk of losing the significant gains we have made in planetary
health over the years?<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prAwHCtl0YE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prAwHCtl0YE</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Vox explains science for the court]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">The
judge in a federal climate change lawsuit wants a science
tutorial</a></b><br>
Here are answers to eight questions the judge wants to address
during his climate crash course.<br>
By Umair Irfan - Mar 20, 2018<br>
Unlike previous cases where climate change has gone to court, the
science itself isn't on trial...What will be debated here is the
question of liability for the impacts of climate change, a much
murkier legal issue and one with huge financial consequences for the
energy sector.<br>
To prepare for it, William Alsup, the judge presiding over two of
the lawsuits - filed by San Francisco and Oakland against Royal
Dutch Shell, BP, ConocoPhillips, Chevron, and Exxon Mobil - has
scheduled a five-hour tutorial on climate science this Wednesday...<br>
The tutorial is a big deal: It will set a federal judicial precedent
establishing the facts of the mechanisms of global warming...<br>
Alsup has posted eight questions on climate science that he wants to
address in the tutorial, some of which are very basic and others of
which are highly technical. <br>
So, may it please the court, I've answered his honor's questions
with the help of several climate scientists.<br>
<b>1) What caused the various ice ages (including the "little ice
age" and prolonged cool periods), and what caused the ice to melt?
When they melted, by how much did sea level rise?</b><br>
<b>Short answer: </b>The Earth, very slightly, very slowly, wobbles
as it spins, changing where sunlight hits the planet such that it
allows ice sheets to form or melt.<br>
Long answer: If you've ever spun a top, you may have noticed that it
can stay upright even as it wobbles and that the spindle can trace
circles as the whole top spins. <br>
<font size="-1">More at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
<b>2) What is the molecular difference by which CO2 absorbs infrared
radiation but oxygen and nitrogen do not?</b><br>
<b>Short answer: </b>A carbon dioxide molecule (CO2), which has
three atoms from two different elements, vibrates in a way that
absorbs infrared radiation. Molecules of nitrogen gas (N2) and
oxygen gas (O2) are made of two atoms of the same element and don't
vibrate in the same way.<br>
Long answer: In order to absorb in the infrared spectrum, a molecule
has to vibrate in a way that creates a separation of positive and
negative charges known as a "dipole moment." <br>
<font size="-1">See more at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
<b>3) What is the mechanism by which infrared radiation trapped by
CO2 in the atmosphere is turned into heat and finds its way back
to sea level?</b><br>
<b>Short answer:</b> Sunlight hits Earth's surface and is reflected
back toward the atmosphere as infrared radiation, where carbon
dioxide absorbs it and reemits it toward the Earth.<br>
Long answer: The mechanism at work is the fundamental greenhouse
effect that keeps Earth from freezing into a ball of ice. <br>
<font size="-1">More at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
<b>4) Does CO2 in the atmosphere reflect any sunlight back into
space such that the reflected sunlight never penetrates the
atmosphere in the first place?</b><br>
<b>Short answer:</b> Not really.<br>
Long answer: Since carbon dioxide is an invisible gas, it doesn't
absorb or reflect light in the visible spectrum. It does reflect
some solar energy back into space, but the amount is too small to
matter to <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016GL071930">greenhouse
effect calculations.</a> <br>
<b>5) Apart from CO2, what happens to the collective heat from tail
pipe exhausts, engine radiators, and all other heat from
combustion of fossil fuels? How, if at all, does this collective
heat contribute to warming of the atmosphere?</b><br>
<b>Short answer:</b> It's negligible.<br>
Long answer: In 2015, humanity produced 13,647 million tons of oil
equivalent energy, or 158,714 terawatt-hours of energy.<br>
<font size="-1">More at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
<b>6) In grade school, many of us were taught that humans exhale CO2
but plants absorb CO2 and return oxygen to the air (keeping the
carbon for fiber). Is this still valid? If so, why hasn't plant
life turned the higher levels of CO2 back into oxygen? Given the
increase in human population on Earth (4 billion [since the start
of the Industrial Revolution]), is human respiration a
contributing factor to the buildup of CO2?</b><br>
<b>Short answer: </b>Plants are indeed growing more because of
increased carbon dioxide, but it's not enough to offset the
increases. And humanity's breaths don't move the needle of
atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.<br>
Long answer: Your grade school teachers are still right. <font
size="-1"> more at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
<b>7) What are the main sources of CO2 that account for the
incremental buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere?</b><b><br>
</b><b>Short answer:</b> Take a wild guess. Completely off the wall.<br>
Long answer: Perhaps a more interesting way to ask this question is
how do we know the increases in carbon dioxide come from burning
fossil fuels. <br>
<font size="-1">More at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
<b>8) What are the main sources of heat that account for the
incremental rise in temperature on Earth?</b><b><br>
</b><b>Short answer: </b>Heat trapped by human-produced carbon
dioxide is driving most of the warming we're seeing.<br>
Long answer: On balance, the changes humanity is making to the world
are causing the planet to warm, though some human-produced
substances like aerosols can also have a cooling effect: see
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d77qcA6u9XF8gRp7Nv6dzGRkK7Q=/0x0:1410x496/720x0/filters:focal%280x0:1410x496%29:gifv%28%29:no_upscale%28%29/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/10455947/Bloomberg.gif">https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/d77qcA6u9XF8gRp7Nv6dzGRkK7Q=/0x0:1410x496/720x0/filters:focal(0x0:1410x496):gifv():no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/10455947/Bloomberg.gif</a>
<br>
Bloomberg <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/">produced
an excellent visualization</a> comparing the observed temperature
changes on Earth to factors like volcanic activity, changes in solar
irradiance, and shifts in the Earth's orbit<font size="-1"> - <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/">https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/</a><br>
</font>Greenhouse gases from fossil fuels again stand out as the
main cause of climate change. That's why the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change said it is "now 95 percent certain that humans are
the main cause of current global warming."<br>
<font size="-1">Special thanks to Glen Peters at the Center for
International Climate Research, Gavin Schmidt at NASA, and Andrew
Dessler at Texas A&M University. <br>
</font><font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup">https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/3/20/17129354/climate-change-lawsuit-tutorial-alsup</a></font><br>
--<br>
[another expert, same answers]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20032018/judge-questions-climate-change-answers-fossil-fuels-lawsuit-california-cities-sea-level-rise-global-warming">8
Answers to the Judge's Climate Change Questions in Cities vs.
Fossil Fuels Case</a></b><br>
San Francisco and Oakland want to hold fossil fuel companies liable
for sea level rise costs. In an unusual move, the judge ordered a
climate tutorial for the court. <br>
By John H. Cushman Jr.<br>
For whatever reason, the judge decided to ponder the science in a
mock classroom, rather than simply let the advocates for both sides
spell it out in briefs. And to kick-start the discussion, he issued
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180306_docket-317-cv-06011_order.pdf">a
quirky set of preliminary questions</a>.<br>
It would have been pretty easy for him to look up the answers, in
the <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/events/a-discussion-on-climate-change-evidence-and-causes/">works
of learned societies, federal inter-agency committees</a>, and <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf">the
authoritative United Nations climate change panel</a>.<br>
Scientists quickly circulated their own answers, like <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://twitter.com/AndrewDessler/status/971818509050236928">these</a>
on Twitter and <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2018/03/alsup-asks-for-answers/">these</a>
in a lengthy, crowd-sourced posting. NASA Jet Propulsion Lab earth
scientist Alex Gardner's talk in the <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://youtu.be/ZJYs8L84L4s?t=4m26s">video</a> above
provides another overview of ice sheets, climate change and sea
level rise. <br>
<font size="-1">Jack Cushman is an editor and reporter for
InsideClimate News. Before joining ICN, he worked for 35 years as
a writer and editor in Washington, D.C., principally with the
Washington bureau of The New York Times.</font><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20032018/judge-questions-climate-change-answers-fossil-fuels-lawsuit-california-cities-sea-level-rise-global-warming">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20032018/judge-questions-climate-change-answers-fossil-fuels-lawsuit-california-cities-sea-level-rise-global-warming</a></font><br>
<br>
[Storytellers audio archive]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://americaadapts.org/california-adapts-home/">CALIFORNIA
ADAPTS</a></b><br>
A 3 part podcast special from America Adapts, the Climate Change
Podcast<br>
The climate of California is changing and the state is adapting, but
are the actions meeting the needs? In this three part podcast
special, host Doug Parsons interviews a range of experts as they
tell about the state's five major elements of climate adaptation:
fire, drought, flood, temperature, sea level rise. The contents
address the question of whether the state is ready for the changes
everyone knows are coming.<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://americaadapts.org/california-adapts-episodes/"><br>
California Adapts Episode Guide </a><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://americaadapts.org/california-adapts-episodes/">http://americaadapts.org/california-adapts-episodes/</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://americaadapts.org/california-adapts-home/">http://americaadapts.org/california-adapts-home/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Boston University research]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.bu.edu/today/2018/the-problem-with-cooking-with-fracked-gas/">The
Problem with Cooking with (Fracked) Gas</a></b><br>
CAS prof among researchers studying potential for health
consequences<br>
Natural gas that has been derived from hydraulic fracking is now the
most commonly used fuel in gas fireplaces and kitchen ranges. It
rose to that level over the past 15 years, with little examination
of the health risks of the chemicals that are used in fracking and
released when the gas is burned.<br>
"Few if any people have actually tested for what else is in this
gas," says Nathan Phillips, a College of Arts & Sciences earth
and environment professor, one of the country's foremost experts on
natural gas leaks and explosions in the United States. "It's 90 to
95 percent methane, but what else?"<br>
Phillips and a team of researchers from several universities and
nonprofits are finding out, and they are concerned. Of the 108
volatile organic compounds, or substances that easily become vapors
or gases, found in gas from four Massachusetts municipalities
tested, 27 are chemicals that are considered hazardous by federal
Clean Air Act standards, and 12 are suspected carcinogens.<br>
Phillips' early findings were presented at the symposium Natural Gas
Infrastructure and Public Health, from Local to Global, held January
30 at the Photonics Center. Although the full study has not yet been
finalized or submitted for publication, Phillips talked to BU Today
about questions raised by his study and the problems with fossil
fuel dependence....<br>
Different companies have their own recipes of substances that they
don't in many cases have to reveal. We're having to sleuth and
reverse-engineer this weird mix of stuff. Stuff that's nasty going
into the ground and nasty coming out of the ground. It's complicated
to pull it apart....<br>
...generally speaking, organic compounds will tend to be combusted
when burned. Benzene, for example, doesn't combust fully. Incomplete
combustion is a problem in homes when 100 percent of the gas isn't
burned...<br>
Also, the stove study tested gas in Massachusetts, and in fact, all
gas is not the same gas. It comes from different areas.... Gas has a
provenance-it comes from a certain place, and that makes studying it
challenging...<br>
Even outside, there are issues that we need to be concerned about
involving the health impacts of gas leaks.<br>
Ventilation is important. Sometimes fans don't exhaust the air to
the outside; they trap it or sometimes it doesn't go anywhere.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.bu.edu/today/2018/the-problem-with-cooking-with-fracked-gas/">http://www.bu.edu/today/2018/the-problem-with-cooking-with-fracked-gas/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[food]<b><br>
<a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/05/why-what-we-eat-is-crucial-to-the-climate-change-question">
Why what we eat is crucial to the climate change question</a></b><br>
Our food – from what we eat to how it is grown – accounts for more
carbon emissions than transport and yet staple crops will be hit
hard by global warming...<br>
...the most immediate threat of climate change for most of the
global population will be at the dinner table, as our ability to
grow critical staple crops is being affected by the warming we've
already experienced. Between 1980 and 2008, for instance, wheat
yields dropped 5.5 % and maize yields fell 3.8% due to rising
temperatures. Climate change threatens the food security of millions
of poor people around the world. Young people are increasingly keen
to protect the environment by shifting to animal-product-free diets.
They seek plant proteins which taste like meat, while insects are
also growing popular as an alternative.<br>
What these inverse challenges – that food and agriculture are both
enormous contributors to climate change, and massively impacted by
it – really tell us is that our food systems, as currently
structured, are facing major challenges.<br>
There is a much larger problem that implores us to look beyond farm
and agricultural practices. We need to open our eyes to solutions
that address the full scope of the challenge to create more
sustainable and equitable food systems. That way, we can provide
healthy food for all people while we protect our planet's resources
at the same time...<br>
So what are food systems? Everything from seed and soil to the
supermarket to the plate to the landfill. Food systems include the
growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing,
consumption, and disposal of food and food-related items.<br>
While farming alone accounts for 10-12% of global greenhouse gas
emissions, when we look at entire food systems the contributions to
climate change more than double. A recent report published by the
Meridian Institute lays out the many factors throughout food systems
that spell trouble for the climate, and also explains why a broad
systems-wide perspective is necessary for implementing effective
chang<br>
While <a
href="https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter11.pdf">farming
alone accounts for 10-12%</a> of global greenhouse gas emissions,
when we look at entire food systems the contributions to climate
change more than double. A recent report <a
href="http://www.merid.org/en/climatechangefoodsystems.aspx">published
by the Meridian Institute</a> lays out the many factors throughout
food systems that spell trouble for the climate, and also explains
why a broad systems-wide perspective is necessary for implementing
effective changes.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/05/why-what-we-eat-is-crucial-to-the-climate-change-question">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/05/why-what-we-eat-is-crucial-to-the-climate-change-question</a></font><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/">https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Totten is a'float'n]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.antarctica.gov.au/news/2018/key-antarctic-ice-shelf-larger-than-scientists-thought">Key
Antarctic ice shelf larger than scientists thought</a></b><br>
20th March 2018<br>
More of the Totten Glacier is floating on the ocean than previously
thought, increasing its potential to contribute to global sea level
rise.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.antarctica.gov.au/news/2018/key-antarctic-ice-shelf-larger-than-scientists-thought">http://www.antarctica.gov.au/news/2018/key-antarctic-ice-shelf-larger-than-scientists-thought</a></font><br>
[Ice floats]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://robertscribbler.com/2018/03/20/the-great-totten-glacier-is-floating-on-more-warming-water-than-we-thought/">The
Great Totten Glacier is Floating on More Warming Water Than We
Thought</a></b><br>
It's well known now that massive glaciers in Greenland and
Antarctica <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/new-study-finds-sea-level-rise-accelerating">are
contributing to an accelerating global sea level rise</a>. And
while we first thought Greenland was primarily at risk of producing
ocean-lifting melt this Century, we have now learned that both West
and East Antarctica are becoming involved...<br>
But the situation is now looking a bit worse for the Totten Glacier
- an enormous sea-fronting slab of ice <a
href="https://phys.org/news/2018-03-sea-giant-antarctic-glacier-thought.html">as
big as France</a> that if it melted in total would, by itself,
raise sea levels by about 10-13 feet globally. <br>
Previously thought to be more resilient to melt as a result of
human-caused climate change and related fossil fuel burning, the
Totten was once considered to be stable. However, over recent years,
concerns were raised first when plumes of warm water were identified
approaching the glacier's base and later <a
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/16/warm-ocean-water-is-slamming-into-and-melting-the-biggest-glacier-in-east-antarctica/?utm_term=.a0820b60b392">when
it was confirmed that Totten was melting from below</a>. Concerns
that were heightened by new research identifying how <a
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01112017/east-antarctica-totten-glacier-melting-winds-warm-ocean-sea-level-rise-study">winds
associated with climate change were driving warmer waters closer
and closer to the huge ice slab</a>.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://robertscribbler.com/2018/03/20/the-great-totten-glacier-is-floating-on-more-warming-water-than-we-thought/">https://robertscribbler.com/2018/03/20/the-great-totten-glacier-is-floating-on-more-warming-water-than-we-thought/</a></font><br>
[size of France]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://phys.org/news/2018-03-sea-giant-antarctic-glacier-thought.html">Sea
level fears as more of giant Antarctic glacier floating than
thought</a></b><br>
More of a giant France-sized glacier in Antarctica is floating on
the ocean than previously thought, scientists said Tuesday, raising
fears it could melt faster as the climate warms and have a dramatic
impact on rising sea-levels.<br>
The Totten Glacier is one of the fastest-flowing and largest
glaciers in Antarctica with scientists keen to keep a close eye on
how it melts given the enormous amount of water it could potentially
unleash.<br>
Using artificially created seismic waves that help scientists see
through the ice, researchers have discovered that more of the Totten
Glacier floats on the ocean than initially thought.<br>
"In some locations we thought were grounded, we detected the ocean
below indicating that the glacier is in fact floating," said Paul
Winberry from Central Washington University, who spent the summer in
Antarctica studying the Totten.<br>
- - - - - - <br>
"Since the 1900s the global sea-level has risen by around 20
centimetres and by the end of the century it's projected to rise by
up to one metre or more, but this is subject to high uncertainty
which is why studying glaciers such as the Totten is important," he
said.<br>
"These precise measurements of Totten Glacier are vital to
monitoring changes and understanding them in the context of natural
variations, and the research is an important step in assessing the
potential impact on sea-level under various future scenarios."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2018-03-sea-giant-antarctic-glacier-thought.html">https://phys.org/news/2018-03-sea-giant-antarctic-glacier-thought.html</a><br>
</font><br>
<br>
[The Guardian - Dana Nuccitelli - Mar 2018 ]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/mar/19/john-kelly-shut-down-pruitts-climate-denial-red-team-but-they-have-a-plan-b">John
Kelly shut down Pruitt's climate denial 'red team,' but they
have a Plan B</a></b><br>
'Let fossil fuel-funded think tanks make their case, then ignore it'<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/mar/19/john-kelly-shut-down-pruitts-climate-denial-red-team-but-they-have-a-plan-b">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/mar/19/john-kelly-shut-down-pruitts-climate-denial-red-team-but-they-have-a-plan-b</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/21/AR2007032100945.html">This
Day in Climate History - March 21, 2007</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b></font><br>
March 21, 2007: • In her CBSNews.com "Notebook" segment, Katie
Couric observes:<br>
<blockquote>"The last time Al Gore came to Capitol Hill--six years
ago--he was there to certify the electoral college results that
made George Bush president.<br>
<br>
"But today it was a triumphant return, this time as a private
citizen, to declare that the world faces a 'planetary emergency'
over climate change. And now, a lot of his skeptics agree that
Gore makes a powerful point.<br>
<br>
"The scientific consensus is clear, and Gore urged Congress to
listen to scientists, not special interests. He pushed for an
immediate freeze on greenhouse gases, as well as cleaner power
plants, more efficient cars, and stronger conservation efforts.<br>
<br>
"Gore said 'a few years from now...the kinds of proposals we're
talking about today are going to seem so small compared to the
scale of the challenge.'<br>
<br>
"Here's hoping Congress puts partisanship aside, and comes
together to act boldly on global warming."<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/sYpj2ZYfS3M">http://youtu.be/sYpj2ZYfS3M</a><br>
<blockquote>(In his remarks to Congress, Gore famously states: "The
planet has a fever. If your baby has a fever, you go to the
doctor. If the doctor says you need to intervene here, you don't
say, 'Well, I read a science fiction novel that told me it's not a
problem.' If the crib's on fire, you don't speculate that the baby
is flame retardant. You take action." Also, at this hearing,
former House Speaker Dennis Hastert, a Republican, states, "I
believe the debate over global warming is over"--an idea that
would be considered heresy throughout the entire GOP just two
years later.)<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/21/AR2007032100945.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/21/AR2007032100945.html</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11437-al-gore-rallies-us-congress-over-climate.html#.UvtuMKa9LCQ">http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11437-al-gore-rallies-us-congress-over-climate.html#.UvtuMKa9LCQ</a><br>
<br>
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