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    <font size="+1"><i>March 24, 2018</i></font><br>
    <br>
    [The Guardian Biodiversity]<br>
    Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and
    Ecosystem Services<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/23/destruction-of-nature-as-dangerous-as-climate-change-scientists-warn">Destruction
        of nature as dangerous as climate change, scientists warn</a></b><br>
    Jonathan Watts - Global environment editor<br>
    Unsustainable exploitation of the natural world threatens food and
    water security of billions of people, major UN-backed biodiversity
    study reveals<br>
    Human destruction of nature is rapidly eroding the world's capacity
    to provide food, water and security to billions of people, according
    to the most comprehensive biodiversity study in more than a decade.<br>
    Such is the rate of decline that the risks posed by<span> </span><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/12/what-is-biodiversity-and-why-does-it-matter-to-us"
      data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline"
      style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color:
      rgb(136, 1, 5); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important;
      border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition:
      border-color 0.15s ease-out;">biodiversity loss</a><span> </span>should
    be considered on the same scale as those of climate change, noted
    the authors of the UN-backed report, which was released in Medellin,
    Colombia on Friday.<br>
    Among the standout findings are that exploitable fisheries in the
    world's most populous region - the Asia-Pacific - are on course to
    decline to zero by 2048; that freshwater availability in the
    Americas has halved since the 1950s and that 42% of land species in
    Europe have declined in the past decade.<br>
    Underscoring the grim trends, this report was released in the week
    that the<span> </span><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/21/europe-faces-biodiversity-oblivion-after-collapse-in-french-bird-populations"
      data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline"
      style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color:
      rgb(136, 1, 5); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;
      border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(199, 0, 0); transition:
      border-color 0.15s ease-out; outline: 0px; border-top-color:
      rgb(75, 198, 223); border-right-color: rgb(75, 198, 223);
      border-left-color: rgb(75, 198, 223);">decimation of French bird
      populations</a><span> </span>was revealed, as well as the<span> </span><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/20/last-male-northern-white-rhinos-death-highlights-huge-extinction-crisis"
      data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline"
      style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color:
      rgb(136, 1, 5); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important;
      border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition:
      border-color 0.15s ease-out;">death of the last male northern
      white rhinoceros</a>, leaving the species only two females from
    extinction....<br>
    - - - - - -<br>
    Without more pressure from civil society, media and voters,
    governments have been reluctant to sacrifice short-term economic
    goals to meet the longer-term environmental challenge to human
    wellbeing.<br>
    "Biodiversity is under serious threat in many regions of the world
    and it is time for policymakers to take action at national, regional
    and global levels," said José Graziano da Silva, director general of
    the Food and Agriculture Organization.<br>
    Others have put the crisis in starker terms. Biologist Paul Ehrlich,<span> </span><a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/22/collapse-civilisation-near-certain-decades-population-bomb-paul-ehrlich"
      data-link-name="in body link" class="u-underline"
      style="background: transparent; touch-action: manipulation; color:
      rgb(136, 1, 5); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important;
      border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); transition:
      border-color 0.15s ease-out;">has warned that civilisational
      collapse</a><span> </span>is a "near certainty" in the next few
    decades due to the destruction of the natural world.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/23/destruction-of-nature-as-dangerous-as-climate-change-scientists-warn">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/23/destruction-of-nature-as-dangerous-as-climate-change-scientists-warn</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [North Atlantic]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zwjo-aJbWHM">Stefan
        Rahmstorf on the North Atlantic Circulation 2018</a></b><br>
    greenmanbucket<br>
    Published on Mar 22, 2018<br>
    Oceanographer Stefan Rahmstorf discusses evidence that the North
    Atlantic current might be slowing in response to increased
    freshening of the North Atlantic.<br>
    Some recent observations suggest that this process may lead to
    regional changes in weather and climate extremes in the North
    Atlantic.<font size="-1"><br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zwjo-aJbWHM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zwjo-aJbWHM</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Courtroom analysis]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.wired.com/story/courtroom-climate-science/">In
        the Courtroom, Climate Science Needs Substance-and Style</a></b><br>
    Adam Rogers<br>
    Chevron would like you to know that it believes in climate change.
    It also believes people cause it by burning carbon-based fuel-the
    kind Chevron extracts from the ground, refines, and sells....<br>
    Because what was at stake in that courtroom was not whether the
    effects of climate change-sea level rise, ocean acidification,
    weather extremes, wildfires, disease outbreaks-are people's fault.
    It was whether a lawsuit could show that specific effects (floods)
    are specific people's fault. Specifically, the people at Chevron....<br>
    The idea isn't just that petrochemical transnationals extract,
    produce, and sell the fuel that puts carbon into the atmosphere.
    It's that <b>they knew</b> that was bad, kept doing it anyway, and
    cut ads and marketing that tried to convince people it wasn't a
    problem....<br>
     "From Chevron's perspective, there's no debate about climate
    science," Boutrous said. "Chevron accepts what this scientific
    body-scientists and others-what the IPCC has reached consensus
    on."...<br>
    "It's economic activity that creates the demand for energy and that
    leads to emissions."...<br>
     If a court attaches culpability for sea level rise in California to
    petrochemical companies, that might establish causation for a
    planet's worth of damage, any disaster someone can plausibly connect
    to climate change. That's wildfires, drought, more intense
    hurricanes. Attribute it to climate, and it could attribute all the
    way to fossil fuel companies' bank accounts.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.wired.com/story/courtroom-climate-science/">https://www.wired.com/story/courtroom-climate-science/</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [UK first significant ruling]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/23/minister-rejects-opencast-coal-mine-northumberland-citing-climate-change-fears">Minister
        cites climate change in rejection of opencast coal mine</a></b><br>
    Sajid Javid says environmental impact of Northumberland plan
    outweighs economic benefits<br>
    The government has rejected plans for an opencast coal mine in
    Northumberland on the grounds that it would exacerbate climate
    change.<br>
    Law firm ClientEarth said the decision was the first time the UK
    government had rejected a planning application citing climate change
    as the reason.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/23/minister-rejects-opencast-coal-mine-northumberland-citing-climate-change-fears">https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/23/minister-rejects-opencast-coal-mine-northumberland-citing-climate-change-fears</a></font><br>
    - - - - - <br>
    [coal connects to glacier melting]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-warming-to-date-could-obliterate-third-glacier-ice">Global
        warming to date could 'obliterate' a third of glacier ice</a></b><br>
    It's a long way from Northumberland to the nearest glacier, but they
    are (albeit indirectly) linked by today's decision. Carbon Brief
    reported this week on yet another study explaining the likely
    implications of the world's continued burning of coal. Publishing in
    Nature Climate Change, the three authors stated somewhat starkly
    that the warming the world has already experienced could be enough
    to melt more than a third of its?the world's glacial ice outside
    Antarctica and Greenland - regardless of current efforts to reduce
    emissions.<br>
    <blockquote>"If you take an ice cube from the fridge - i.e. from one
      climate - to the kitchen table - i.e. a new climate - it will,
      finally, but not instantaneously, melt. The time it takes to fully
      melt the cube depends on: a) the size of the cube; and b) the
      temperature in your kitchen."<br>
    </blockquote>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-warming-to-date-could-obliterate-third-glacier-ice">https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-warming-to-date-could-obliterate-third-glacier-ice</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Methane webinar announcement]<br>
    <b><a
href="https://mailchi.mp/nas/report-release-webinarimproving-characterization-of-anthropogenic-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states?e=7f758defc9">PUBLIC
        WEBINAR: Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane
        Emissions in the United States</a></b><br>
    Report Release<br>
    Tuesday, March 27, 2018 - 11:00am EDT<br>
    Methane is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas emitted in the
    United States. Although it is shorter-lived in the atmosphere than
    carbon dioxide, methane is more efficient at absorbing heat. It is
    also emitted to the atmosphere from diverse anthropogenic sources in
    many key U.S. economic sectors, including energy, agriculture, and
    waste.<br>
    Being able to accurately quantify methane emissions and attribute
    emissions to specific sources is a critical component to addressing
    climate change. As such, a recent National Academies study examined
    approaches to measuring, monitoring, reporting, and developing
    inventories of anthropogenic emissions. The study also assessed
    published inventories of U.S. methane emissions, characterized their
    uncertainty, and identified opportunities for improving these
    estimates.<br>
    The findings from this study are articulated in the report,
    Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the
    United States (2018), scheduled for official release on Tuesday,
    March 27, 2018. That day, please join us for a public webinar at
    11am EDT, when study chair James W.C. White, University of Colorado,
    Boulder, will discuss the report's findings and recommendations.<br>
    <a
href="https://nasevents.webex.com/mw3200/mywebex/default.do?nomenu=true&siteurl=nasevents&service=6&rnd=0.5675858838454347&main_url=https%3A%2F%2Fnasevents.webex.com%2Fec3200%2Feventcenter%2Fevent%2FeventAction.do%3FtheAction%3Ddetail%26%26%26EMK%3D4832534b00000004c88bc2b67af1bb165d9de21fbe98823686936fbeeb53ba412b37a563ad4bafdf%26siteurl%3Dnasevents%26confViewID%3D89406726556646706%26encryptTicket%3DSDJTSwAAAATP7w96r3bNHWoe3pSn6BC3Or7OD6TQFEAJKZ5IUooL1Q2%26">Register
      Now</a><br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://mailchi.mp/nas/report-release-webinarimproving-characterization-of-anthropogenic-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states?e=7f758defc9">https://mailchi.mp/nas/report-release-webinarimproving-characterization-of-anthropogenic-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states?e=7f758defc9</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [water woes]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://climatenewsnetwork.net/morocco-awaits-a-thirsty-future/">Morocco
        awaits a thirsty future</a></b><br>
    March 23, 2018 - Kieran Cooke<br>
    In 2015/2016 a prolonged drought caused Morocco's production of
    grain to plummet by more than 70%. In 2017 water shortages became
    acute and the country's king, Muhammed VI, issued a decree calling
    on the faithful at mosques throughout the country to pray for rain.<br>
    The droughts have led to social unrest in what till now has been
    considered one of the more politically stable countries in the
    region...<br>
    A bad situation looks likely to become worse. Latest research by the
    Brookings Institution in the US predicts that climate change is
    going to result in average temperatures rising across the North
    African region by 3 degrees C by 2050.<br>
    Rainfall over much of Morocco is anticipated to decline by 10% at
    the same time as water usage rates rise substantially.<br>
    "Higher temperatures, less rainfall and increased land salinity in a
    country that is already suffering from insufficient water resources
    do not augur well for the future of agriculture, unless urgent
    action is taken now," says the Brookings research...<br>
    To cope with water shortages the government is also constructing
    what is likely to be the world's largest desalination plant -
    turning seawater into drinking water - near the tourist destination
    of Agadir on Morocco's Atlantic coast.<br>
    Officials ... are encouraging farmers to plant fruit trees rather
    than water-hungry cereal crops, in an effort to promote water
    conservation and prevent further soil erosion.<br>
    To cope with water shortages the government is also constructing
    what is likely to be the world's largest desalination plant -
    turning seawater into drinking water - near the tourist destination
    of Agadir on Morocco's Atlantic coast.<br>
    Officials have also promised to spend millions promoting more
    efficient irrigation systems, and they are encouraging farmers to
    plant fruit trees rather than water-hungry cereal crops, in an
    effort to promote water conservation and prevent further soil
    erosion...<br>
    Social Watch, an international network of citizens' organisations
    fighting poverty around the world, says <a moz-do-not-send="true"
      href="http://www.socialwatch.org/node/14006">35% of Morocco's
      water is lost through bad piping</a>.  Water is also polluted by
    industrial and urban waste. - Climate News Network<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://climatenewsnetwork.net/morocco-awaits-a-thirsty-future/">https://climatenewsnetwork.net/morocco-awaits-a-thirsty-future/</a></font><br>
    - - - - - <br>
    [Morocco report]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="http://www.socialwatch.org/node/14006">SOCIAL WATCH
        poverty eradication and gender justice<br>
        A thirsty future</a></b><br>
    Conclusions<br>
    Morocco has been very lax about managing its resources, a situation
    which must change. The country is heading for an ecological crisis
    and nobody knows how severe it will be.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="http://www.socialwatch.org/node/14006">http://www.socialwatch.org/node/14006</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Classic video from 2012 prediction]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://youtu.be/ZlojvcmgfQA">Predicting
        the 9 biggest weather disasters in the next 30 years | Jeff
        Masters </a></b><br>
    One year before Hurricane Sandy, Jeff Masters from Weather
    Underground predicts 9 weather disasters that could strike the
    United States in the next 30 years. Last week, Number 6 on his list
    happened. What are the other 8 disasters, and what can we do to
    prepare?<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://youtu.be/ZlojvcmgfQA">https://youtu.be/ZlojvcmgfQA</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Recent Methane Science Webinar - by and for climate scientists
    (high geek factor)]<br>
    <b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pUsJ-UiePU">Researchers
        Talk Permafrost Carbon Feedback Models #Methanogenesis</a></b><br>
    Climate State  Published on Mar 23, 2018<br>
    Can we model permafrost dynamics adequately in Earth System models?
    Researcher present and discuss recent climate carbon cycle modelling
    efforts, and reply to questions.<br>
    Speakers: <br>
    Dave Lawrence, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)<br>
    Charlie Koven, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab <br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pUsJ-UiePU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pUsJ-UiePU</a></font><br>
    [Originial Release via IARPC Collaborations]<br>
    <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDyGrkFYPA4">Can we model
      permafrost dynamics adequately in Earth System models? | Dave
      Lawrence & Charlie Koven</a><br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDyGrkFYPA4">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDyGrkFYPA4</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill">This
          Day in Climate History - March 24, 1989</a><a
          moz-do-not-send="true"
          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill"> </a>
          -  Wikipedia</b></font><br>
    March 24, 1989: In 1989, the supertanker Exxon Valdez (vahl-DEEZ')
    ran aground on a reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound and began
    leaking an estimated 11 million gallons of crude oil. <br>
    <blockquote>The<span> </span><b><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> </span>oil
        spill</b><span> </span>occurred in<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William_Sound"
        title="Prince William Sound" style="text-decoration: none;
        color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Prince William Sound</a>,<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">Alaska</a>, March 24, 1989, when<span> </span><i><a
          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez" title="Exxon
          Valdez" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
          background: none;">Exxon Valdez</a></i>, an<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil
        tanker" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">oil tanker</a><span> </span>owned by<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Shipping_Company"
        class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon Shipping Company"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">Exxon Shipping Company</a>, bound for<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Beach,_California"
        title="Long Beach, California" style="text-decoration: none;
        color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Long Beach</a>,
      California, struck<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William_Sound"
        title="Prince William Sound" style="text-decoration: none;
        color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Prince William Sound</a>'s<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bligh_Reef" title="Bligh
        Reef" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">Bligh Reef</a><span> </span>at 12:04 am<span>
      </span>local time and<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">spilled</a><span> </span>10.8 million US
      gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m<sup style="line-height: 1;
        font-size: 11.2px;">3</sup>) of<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oil"
        class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil" style="text-decoration:
        none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">crude oil</a>
      over the next few days.<span> </span>It is considered to be one
      of the most devastating human-caused<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_disaster"
        title="Environmental disaster" style="text-decoration: none;
        color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">environmental
        disasters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AUTOREF_4-0" class="reference"
        style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space:
        nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style:
        normal;"><a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill#cite_note-AUTOREF-4"
          style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
          background: none;">[4]</a></sup><span> </span>The<span> </span><i>Valdez</i><span> </span>spill
      is the second largest in US waters, after the 2010<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill"
        title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill" style="text-decoration:
        none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><i>Deepwater
          Horizon</i><span> </span>oil spill</a>, in terms of volume
      released.<sup id="cite_ref-histories_5-0" class="reference"
        style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space:
        nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal; font-style:
        normal;"><a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill#cite_note-histories-5"
          style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
          background: none;">[5]</a></sup><span> </span>Prince William
      Sound's remote location, accessible only by helicopter, plane, or
      boat, made government and industry response efforts difficult and
      severely taxed existing response plans. The region is a<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">habitat</a><span> </span>for<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">salmon</a>,<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">sea otters</a>,<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">seals</a><span> </span>and<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">seabirds</a>. The oil, originally extracted
      at the<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_oil_field"
        class="mw-redirect" title="Prudhoe Bay oil field"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">Prudhoe Bay oil field</a>, eventually covered
      1,300 miles (2,100 km) of coastline,<sup id="cite_ref-faq_3-1"
        class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate;
        white-space: nowrap; font-size: 11.2px; font-weight: normal;
        font-style: normal;"><a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill#cite_note-faq-3"
          style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
          background: none;">[3]</a></sup><span> </span>and 11,000
      square miles (28,000 square km) of ocean.<br>
      According to official reports, the ship was carrying
      53.09451 million US gallons (1,264,155 bbl; 200,984.6 cubic m) of
      oil, of which about 10.8 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 41,000 m<sup
        style="line-height: 1; font-size: 11.2px;">3</sup>) were spilled
      into the Prince William Sound.<span> </span>An approximate figure
      of 11 million US gallons (260,000 bbl; 42,000 cubic m) was a
      commonly accepted estimate of the spill's volume and has been used
      by the State of Alaska's<span> </span><i>Exxon Valdez</i><span> </span>Oil
      Spill Trustee Council,<span> </span>the<span> </span><a
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration"
        title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"
        style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">National Oceanic and Atmospheric
        Administration</a><span> </span>and environmental groups such as<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace"
        title="Greenpeace" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11,
        0, 128); background: none;">Greenpeace</a>and the<span> </span><a
        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra
        Club" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128);
        background: none;">Sierra Club</a>.<br>
    </blockquote>
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