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<font size="+1"><i>March 29, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[Gallop Poll on Global Warming]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/231530/global-warming-concern-steady-despite-partisan-shifts.aspx">Global
Warming Concern Steady Despite Some Partisan Shifts</a></b><br>
by Megan Brenan and Lydia Saad<br>
STORY HIGHLIGHTS:<br>
- Partisan gaps across global-warming measures slightly wider than
in 2017<br>
- Democrats view global warming seriously; Republicans view it
skeptically<br>
- 69% of Republicans, 4% Democrats say global warming is exaggerated<br>
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Americans' concerns about global warming are not
much different from the record-high levels they were at a year ago.
However, the views of some partisans have shifted, creating larger
gaps than what Gallup saw last year across all questions about
global warming.<br>
<figure class="figure-table" id="20180322101423" style="box-sizing:
border-box; display: block; margin: 0px -40px; position: relative;
z-index: 0; padding: 20px 40px; background-color: rgb(236, 244,
222); border-top: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64);
text-align: left; font-family: aktiv-grotesk, aktiv-grotesk-std,
Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent:
0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"
contenteditable="false"><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box;
display: block;">
<div id="caption-20180326093035" style="box-sizing: border-box;
max-width: 530px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px;
font-size: 16px; font-weight: 300; line-height: 20px;">Partisan
Divisions in Americans' Views of Global Warming</div>
</figcaption>
<table class="mobile" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;
background-color: rgb(236, 244, 222); width: 550px;">
<thead style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing:
border-box;">
<td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 3px 0px;
vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;"><br>
</td>
<th colspan="1" scope="col" style="box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 3px 0px 3px 10px; text-align: center;
vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: none; font-size:
14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 700;">2017</th>
<th colspan="1" scope="col" style="box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 3px 0px 3px 10px; text-align: center;
vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: none; font-size:
14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 700;">2018</th>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 3px 0px;
vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;"><br>
</td>
<th colspan="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 3px
0px 3px 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;"><span class="col-unit"
style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;
font-weight: 400;">%</span></th>
<th colspan="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 3px
0px 3px 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;"><span class="col-unit"
style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;
font-weight: 400;">%</span></th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody class="row-group" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-top: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="rowgroup" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;">Think the seriousness of global warming
is generally exaggerated</th>
<td colspan="100" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;
text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Republican</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">66</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">69</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Independent</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">32</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">34</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px
0px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300;">Democrat</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">10</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">4</td>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody class="row-group" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-top: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="rowgroup" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;">Say most scientists believe global
warming is occurring</th>
<td colspan="100" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;
text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Republican</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">53</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">42</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Independent</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">71</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">65</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px
0px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300;">Democrat</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">86</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">86</td>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody class="row-group" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-top: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="rowgroup" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;">Believe effects of global warming have
already begun</th>
<td colspan="100" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;
text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Republican</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">41</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">34</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Independent</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">67</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">60</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px
0px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300;">Democrat</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">73</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">82</td>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody class="row-group" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-top: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="rowgroup" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;">Believe global warming is caused by
human activities</th>
<td colspan="100" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;
text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Republican</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">40</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">35</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Independent</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">70</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">62</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px
0px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300;">Democrat</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">87</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">89</td>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody class="row-group" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-top: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="rowgroup" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;">Worry a great deal/fair amount about
global warming</th>
<td colspan="100" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;
text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Republican</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">36</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">33</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Independent</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">67</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">62</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px
0px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300;">Democrat</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">90</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">91</td>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody class="row-group" style="box-sizing: border-box;
border-top: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="rowgroup" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 700;">Think global warming will pose a
serious threat in their lifetime</th>
<td colspan="100" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding:
3px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align: top; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300; border-bottom: none;
text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Republican</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">14</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">18</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;
text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom:
none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight:
300;">Independent</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">45</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">45</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: none;
background-color: transparent;">
<th scope="row" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px
0px 3px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;
border-bottom: none; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;
font-weight: 300;">Democrat</th>
<td data-th="2017" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">58</td>
<td data-th="2018" data-thunit="%" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 0px 0px 3px 10px; vertical-align:
top; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; font-weight: 300;
border-bottom: none; text-align: center;">67</td>
</tr>
</tbody><tfoot style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr
style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<td class="source" colspan="100" style="box-sizing:
border-box; padding: 20px 0px; vertical-align: top;
font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; font-weight: 400;
border-bottom: none; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);
text-transform: uppercase; font-family: aktiv-grotesk,
aktiv-grotesk-std, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
letter-spacing: 0.1em;">GALLUP</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>
</figure>
In general, Democrats view global warming seriously, while
Republicans view it skeptically:<br>
Ninety-one percent of Democrats and 33% of Republicans say they
worry a great deal or fair amount about global warming, but 67% of
Republicans worry only a little or not at all.<br>
While 82% of Democrats think global warming has already begun to
happen, only 34% of Republicans agree. Rather, 57% of Republicans
think it will not happen in their lifetime (25%) or will "never
happen" (32%).<br>
About seven in 10 Republicans (69%) think the seriousness of global
warming is exaggerated in the news, 15% think it is generally
correct and 15% say it is generally underestimated. Democrats,
however, are much more likely to think the seriousness of global
warming is underestimated (64%) or correct (32%), and just 4% say it
is exaggerated.<br>
<br>
Eighty-six percent of Democrats versus 42% of Republicans think most
scientists believe global warming is occurring. The percentage of
Republicans who say most scientists believe this is down 11
percentage points since last year.<br>
<br>
Almost nine in 10 Democrats say increases in the Earth's temperature
over the last century are due to human activities more than natural
changes in the environment. Just 35% of Republicans agree, while 63%
attribute the temperature increases to natural environmental causes.<br>
<br>
Four in five Republicans do not think global warming will pose a
serious threat to them in their lifetime; two-thirds of Democrats
think it will.<br>
- - - - - - - - <br>
<b>Bottom Line</b><br>
The higher level of concern Americans have exhibited about global
warming since 2016, particularly in terms of worrying about the
issue and believing it is caused by human activity, is largely
intact this year.<br>
One reason for this stability is that Americans' views on the issue
are becomingly increasingly partisan and therefore entrenched. With
Trump reversing many of his predecessors' policies aimed at curbing
global warming, Democrats are feeling a greater sense of urgency
about the issue, while Republicans have either remained as skeptical
as they had been in the past or have become more so.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://news.gallup.com/poll/231530/global-warming-concern-steady-despite-partisan-shifts.aspx">http://news.gallup.com/poll/231530/global-warming-concern-steady-despite-partisan-shifts.aspx</a></font><br>
[Climate opinions]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/partisan-split-on-climate-grows-even-as-u-s-fears-are-on-the-rise-poll-finds/?utm_term=.3910e5d0fc44">Partisan
split on climate grows, even as U.S. fears are on the rise, poll
finds</a></b><br>
By Steven Mufson March 28<br>
Fewer Republicans say they believe that there is a scientific
consensus on climate change or that the effects of global warming
have already begun, according to a new Gallup poll, which showed a
widening partisan gap near record levels.<br>
The moves comes after a year in which President Trump, who has
called global warming a “hoax,” withdrew from the 2015 Paris climate
accord and removed climate change from a list of top national
security threats.<br>
As Republicans moved in one direction, Democrats have moved in the
other. An increasing number of Democrats believe that the effects of
global warming have already begun and that warming will pose a
“serious threat” in their lifetimes. As in earlier surveys, an
overwhelming portion of Democrats are worried about climate change
and link it to human activities.<br>
Overall, 45 percent of those surveyed said global warming would pose
a serious threat in their lifetimes, the highest overall percentage
recorded since Gallup first asked the question in 1997. Despite
partisan divisions, majorities of Americans as a whole continue to
believe by wide margins that most scientists think global warming is
taking place, that it is caused by human activities and that its
effects have begun.<br>
But as it did last year, the Gallup poll painted sharp differences
between the two parties. Nine out of 10 Democrats worry about global
warming and believe it is caused by human activities. Only a third
of Republicans do. Seven in 10 Republicans think the seriousness of
global warming is “generally exaggerated,” while only 1 in 25
Democrats do...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/partisan-split-on-climate-grows-even-as-u-s-fears-are-on-the-rise-poll-finds/?utm_term=.3910e5d0fc44">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/03/28/partisan-split-on-climate-grows-even-as-u-s-fears-are-on-the-rise-poll-finds/?utm_term=.3910e5d0fc44</a></font><br>
[Polarize Americans]<br>
Americans increasingly polarized on global warming, poll finds<br>
By SARAH LYNCH - CBS NEWS March 28, 2018<br>
Americans have grown increasingly polarized in their views on global
warming, according to a new poll. "In general, Democrats view global
warming seriously, while Republicans view it skeptically," says
Gallup, a research-based consulting company that conducted a survey
this month about the environment. <br>
The poll found that 67 percent of Democrats think global warming
will pose a serious threat in their lifetime, compared to just 18
percent of Republicans. It also found that 69 percent of Republicans
"think the seriousness of global warming is generally exaggerated,"
while just 4 percent of Democrats share that belief. The poll was
conducted from March 1-8 among a random sample of 1,041 adults in
the United States.<br>
Melting ice, rising seas, longer droughts, stronger storms - Full
Climate Change Coverage<br>
Eighty-two percent of Democrats believe global warming's effects
have already started, while only about one-third of Republicans
agree. Also, about a third of Republicans say they worry a great
deal or fair amount about global warming, compared to a whopping 91
percent of Democrats. <br>
"Americans' concerns about global warming are not much different
from the record-high levels they were at a year ago," Gallup says.
"However, the views of some partisans have shifted, creating larger
gaps than what Gallup saw last year across all questions about
global warming."<br>
The company points to various political developments that may have
helped fuel the divide, including President Trump's announcement
last year that the U.S. would pull out of the Paris climate accord.
<br>
<br>
<br>
[Another Senator stands up, speaks out] video 7:30 mins<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://youtu.be/a7zgggaYHAQ">U.S.
Senator Tammy Baldwin Demands Action on Climate Change</a></b><b><br>
</b><font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/a7zgggaYHAQ">https://youtu.be/a7zgggaYHAQ</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Sorry, warmer means colder]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://news.rutgers.edu/news/warm-arctic-means-colder-snowier-winters-northeastern-us-study-says/20180309#.WruMkS749pg">Warm
Arctic Means Colder, Snowier Winters in Northeastern U.S., Study
Says</a></b><br>
Rutgers scholar Jennifer (Francis) says warming Arctic’s connection
to U.S. weather is “no coincidence”<br>
By Ken Branson - March 13, 2018<br>
Scientists from Rutgers University-New Brunswick and Atmospheric and
Environmental Research (AER) have linked the frequency of extreme
winter weather in the United States to Arctic temperatures.<br>
Their research was published today in Nature Communications.<br>
<blockquote>“Basically, this confirms the story I’ve been telling
for a couple of years now,” said study co-author Jennifer Francis,
research professor of marine and coastal sciences in Rutgers’
School of Environmental and Biological Sciences. “Warm
temperatures in the Arctic cause the jet stream to take these wild
swings, and when it swings farther south, that causes cold air to
reach farther south. These swings tend to hang around for awhile,
so the weather we have in the eastern United States, whether it’s
cold or warm, tends to stay with us longer.”<br>
</blockquote>
The research is timely given the extreme winter of 2017-2018,
including record warm Arctic and low sea ice, record-breaking polar
vortex disruption, record-breaking cold and disruptive snowfalls in
the United States and Europe, severe “bomb cyclones” and costly
nor’easters, said Judah Cohen, director of seasonal forecasting at
AER and lead author of the study.<br>
In their study, Cohen, Francis and AER’s Karl Pfeiffer found that
severe winter weather is two to four times more likely in the
eastern United States when the Arctic is abnormally warm than when
the Arctic is abnormally cold. Their findings also show that winters
are colder in the northern latitudes of Europe and Asia when the
Arctic is warm.<br>
Paradoxically, the study shows that severe winter weather in the
western United States is more likely when the Arctic is colder than
normal.<br>
The researchers found that when Arctic warming occurred near the
surface, the connection to severe winter weather was weak. When the
warming extended into the stratosphere, however, disruptions of the
stratospheric polar vortex were likely. These disruptions usually
cause severe winter weather in mid- to late winter and affect large
metropolitan centers of the northeastern United States.<br>
“Five of the past six winters have brought persistent cold to the
eastern U.S. and warm, dry conditions to the West, while the Arctic
has been off-the-charts warm,” Francis said. “Our study suggests
that this is no coincidence. Exactly how much the Arctic contributed
to the severity or persistence of the pattern is still hard to pin
down, but it’s becoming very difficult to believe they are
unrelated.”<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.rutgers.edu/news/warm-arctic-means-colder-snowier-winters-northeastern-us-study-says/20180309#.WruMkS749pg">https://news.rutgers.edu/news/warm-arctic-means-colder-snowier-winters-northeastern-us-study-says/20180309#.WruMkS749pg</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Second Part]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.resilience.org/stories/2018-03-27/oyez-oyez-the-environmental-courts-are-now-in-session-part-2/">Oyez
Oyez the (Environmental) Courts are Now in Session (Part 2)</a></b><br>
By Joel Stronberg on Mar 27, 2018 03:34 am<br>
The growing number of legal cases is the result of the failure of
the legislative and executive branches to craft a stable framework
of environmental protections based upon the overwhelming
preponderance of scientific research that even the oil companies
have come to accept. <br>
The youthful plaintiffs in the Juliana case are seeking to establish
both the federal government's obligation to hold the nation's
natural resources in a public trust and their constitutional right
to a healthy environment.<br>
The cities and counties suing Chevron, ExxonMobil and other of the
major oil companies are taking a primarily civil approach alleging
the defendants of tortuous acts against their communities and
seeking potentially billions of dollars in restitution. In both
categories of cases, climate-science is as much on trial as the
actions of the defendants.<br>
- - - -<br>
ExxonMobil is not taking the nuisance suits lying down. Earlier this
year the oil giant filed a petition in the District Court of Tarrant
County, Texas for permission to take pre-suit depositions. The
information ExxonMobil hopes to get is proof that the states,
cities, and counties filing nuisance cases are abusing the legal
process, engaging in a civil conspiracy and violating the company's
First Amendment [of the U.S. Constitution] right to participate in
the national dialogue about climate change and climate policy...<br>
<br>
ExxonMobil is accusing these jurisdictions of much more than
political conspiracy. The company is alleging that these state and
local governments of investor fraud by not telling prospective bond
purchasers of the significant risks, e.g., loss of property due to
rising sea levels, increased infrastructure costs, etc., these
jurisdictions face because of climate change.<br>
<br>
The oil company cites as the source of the fraud the irreconcilable
conflict between what these municipal governments alleged in their
respective complaints and what they disclosed to investors in their
bond offerings indicates that the allegations in the complaints are
not honestly held. Although ExxonMobil has asked the Texas court for
permission to depose the government officials in anticipation of a
possible lawsuit, the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) has
filed a petition with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
urging it to investigate the cities and counties suing Exxon for
bond fraud.<br>
<br>
CEI claims it has moved against the municipal governments
independent of ExxonMobil, i.e., based on its own research. However,
the language in the CEI petition mirrors that of Exxon's. Both, for
instance, cite Santa Cruz County's claims in court that it will face
a 98 percent chance of a 'devastating three-foot-flood by 2050,' an
assertion not included in the county's bond prospectus.<br>
<br>
It would not be surprising to discover some degree-likely greater
than lesser-of coordination between ExxonMobil, CEI, and a host of
other potential allies, including coal companies and other
conservative think tanks. As with defender suits, battle lines are
being drawn.<br>
<br>
The more significant danger in all of this is the possibility of a
large number of cases and conflicting legal rulings that can easily
serve to delay any final decisions for a decade or more. As
mentioned in Part 1, the courts are limited in what they can do and
how quickly they can do it-even if all accept that climate change is
occurring mainly because of human activities.<br>
- - - - - -<br>
The Juliana case has inspired other lawsuits in the U.S. and abroad.
In November 2017 a suit on behalf of the Clean Air Council
(Pennsylvania) and two children was filed in the U.S. District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Although inspired by the
Oregon case, Clean Air Council et al. v Donald Trump et al. targets
the Trump administration's unwinding the Obama administration
regulations, i.e., Clean Power Plan (CPP), and other existing
environmental protections in contravention of the preponderance of
scientific data.<br>
<br>
According to the complaint:<br>
<blockquote>Well-documented and observable impacts from the changes
in Earth's climate system highlight that the current level of
atmospheric CO2 concentration has already taken our nation into a
danger zone.<br>
A global scientific consensus has formed around the conclusion
that there is no plausible alternative explanation for global
warming other than human influence.<br>
Children are disproportionately impacted by climate change due to
their unique metabolism, physiology and developmental needs.
(emphasis added)<br>
The United States Government has known for decades that climate
change presents a clear and present danger to the health and
welfare of its citizens and an immediate threat to the planet.<br>
Since January 2017, the Federal Government has engaged in a war on
science by censoring scientific inquiry, attacking internationally
accepted facts and data, slashing the budget for programs intended
to protect the environment, and appointing climate change deniers
to key positions.<br>
As a private citizen, candidate, and President, Defendant Trump
has repeatedly denied the existence of climate change….<br>
</blockquote>
The Pennsylvania plaintiffs, like those in the Juliana case, are
claiming a constitutional right to a sustainable environment and
asking the court to apply the public trust doctrine. Unlike the
Oregon case, the Clean Air Council plaintiffs have narrowed their
requested relief to the court's prohibiting the federal government
from promulgating any rollbacks that increase the life-threatening
effects of climate change based on junk science. (emphasis added) In
the alternative, plaintiffs are asking for any other relief the
Court would deem just and proper<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.resilience.org/stories/2018-03-27/oyez-oyez-the-environmental-courts-are-now-in-session-part-2/">http://www.resilience.org/stories/2018-03-27/oyez-oyez-the-environmental-courts-are-now-in-session-part-2/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
[start about 16 minutes in]<br>
<b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgmP8U9tJ6w">7th
Symposium on the Impacts of an Ice-Diminishing Arctic on Naval
and Maritime Operations</a></b><br>
Originating in 2001, this biennial symposium focuses on naval and
other maritime operations in an "ice-free Arctic" and brings
together experts on arctic marine operations, the environment,
science, policy, law, and governance. High-level opening remarks are
anticipated from members of the Alaska Congressional Delegation,
NOAA, Navy, USCG, USARC, industry, and other representatives from
the US, Arctic nations, and international community.<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgmP8U9tJ6w">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgmP8U9tJ6w</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
[2011 threat or opportunity? ]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fbpPU7GV94">Dr Emily
Shuckburgh, British Antarctic Survey, on future climate change</a></b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fbpPU7GV94">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fbpPU7GV94</a><br>
University of Cambridge Judge Business School<br>
Published on Dec 16, 2011<br>
Dr Emily Shuckburgh spoke at the 3rd Annual Meeting of the Centre
for Risk Studies in December 2011 on the subject of future-proof
decisions and recommendations.<br>
Dr Shuckburgh leads the Open Oceans research group at the British
Antarctic Survey, which is focused on understanding the role of the
polar oceans in the global climate system. She is also a fellow of
Darwin College, Cambridge. She is a climate scientist who has worked
at Ecole Normal Superieure in Paris and at MIT, as well as at the
University of Cambridge.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fbpPU7GV94">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fbpPU7GV94</a></font><br>
- - - - -<br>
[2017 - planetary heath check]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuCI1M0XI3M">"How to
conduct a planetary health check"</a></b><br>
Dr Emily Shuckburgh | TEDxLeicester<br>
Published on Dec 15, 2017<br>
Dr Emily Shuckburgh is a climate scientist and deputy head of the
Polar Oceans team at BAS, which is focused on understanding the role
of the polar oceans in the global climate system. Her personal
research concerns investigating the dynamics of the atmosphere,
oceans and climate, using theoretical approaches, observational data
and numerical modelling. She is a fellow of University of Cambridge
Darwin College and the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability
Leadership. The latter is dedicated to working with leaders from
business and governments on critical global challenges of the 21st
century such as climate change, water scarcity and food security.
She has also worked at Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and at MIT
in Boston. She is a fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society,
co-Chair of their Climate Science Communications Group and has acted
as an advisor to the UK Government. In 2016 she was awarded an OBE
for services to science and the public communication of science. Dr
Emily Shuckburgh is a climate scientist and deputy head of the Polar
Oceans team at BAS, which is focused on understanding the role of
the polar oceans in the global climate system. Her personal research
concerns investigating the dynamics of the atmosphere, oceans and
climate, using theoretical approaches, observational data and
numerical modelling.<br>
She is fellow of University of Cambridge Darwin College and the
Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership. The latter is
dedicated to working with leaders from business and governments on
critical global challenges of the 21st century such as climate
change, water scarcity and food security. She has also worked at
Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and at MIT in Boston.<br>
She is a fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society, co-Chair of
their Climate Science Communications Group and has acted as an
advisor to the UK Government.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuCI1M0XI3M">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuCI1M0XI3M</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b>This Day in Climate History - March 29, 2017 -
from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
In a Washington Post op-ed, John Podesta observes:<br>
<blockquote>“Since taking office, Trump has taken steps to eliminate
limits on carbon pollution and increase America’s dependence on
foreign oil, including by moving to weaken vehicle efficiency
standards and import more Canadian tar-sands crude oil . His
proposed budget decimates scientific research, he selected an
Environmental Protection Agency administrator who denies climate
science, and he has just signed a broad executive order that will
dismantle environmental protections and cost taxpayers more than
$40 billion. Compounding these outrages, he has directed the
government to implement an accounting system that would exaggerate
the benefits and discount the costs of his actions.<br>
<br>
“Make no mistake, the Trump administration’s rampage against the
environment presents an existential threat to the entire planet.
But we cannot give up hope that we can still avert the most severe
aspects of climate change.<br>
<br>
“Winning the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes was not enough
for Hillary Clinton to win the White House, but those votes
nonetheless reflect the voices of a majority of Americans.
Public-opinion research consistently finds that most Americans
believe climate change is a major problem and support steps to cut
carbon pollution.<br>
<br>
“What’s more, a study found that the counties that voted for
Clinton and progressive leadership in November generate nearly
two-thirds of U.S. economic activity. This is significant because
moderate and progressive leaders at the local and state levels
can, as a result, guide two-thirds of the U.S. economy into a
clean-energy transformation.<br>
<br>
“We are already seeing this in states such as California and New
York, which are establishing themselves as global climate leaders.
Mayors from both red and blue states, meanwhile, are continuing to
move aggressively to build clean-energy economies and deliver
climate solutions.<br>
<br>
“Thanks to this leadership and innovation and entrepreneurship in
the private sector, America’s clean-energy economy is strong
enough to withstand a short-term change in policy. The Obama
administration’s focus on emissions reductions and clean energy
will not be easily reversed. U.S. net imports of foreign oil fell
by more than 50 percent from 2008 to 2016, emissions declined to
their lowest level since 1992, and the economy continued to grow.<br>
<br>
“As much as Trump might try to ignore it, this shift toward clean
energy is a global one.”<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-is-on-a-rampage-to-endanger-the-planet-now-its-up-to-us-to-save-it/2017/03/28/62790e5a-13d3-11e7-ada0-1489b735b3a3_story.html?utm_term=.f9e0aad051ce">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-is-on-a-rampage-to-endanger-the-planet-now-its-up-to-us-to-save-it/2017/03/28/62790e5a-13d3-11e7-ada0-1489b735b3a3_story.html?utm_term=.f9e0aad051ce</a>
</font><br>
<br>
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