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<font size="+1"><i>April 18, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[latest legal engagement]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/04/17/colorado-climate-lawsuits-exxon-suncor/">Colorado
Communities File Climate Lawsuits Vs. Two Oil Companies</a></b><br>
By Dana Drugmand<br>
<blockquote>Several Colorado communities have now joined the growing
wave of municipalities taking legal action against fossil fuel
companies and seeking compensation for the impacts of climate
change.<br>
<br>
The city and county of Boulder and the county of San Miguel on
Tuesday announced a new lawsuit against ExxonMobil and Suncor, two
of the largest oil companies with active operations in Colorado.
It's the first climate liability lawsuit filed by an interior,
non-coastal community in the U.S.<br>
<br>
The Colorado communities - like coastal communities in California
and New York City - are demanding that fossil fuel companies help
pay for the costs associated with climate change impacts. They
allege that these companies long knew about the danger of
unrestrained fossil fuel burning and deliberately downplayed the
risk to policymakers and the public. As a result, communities face
severe climate impacts and rising costs.<br>
<br>
"Climate change impacts are already happening and they are only
going to get worse," said Boulder County Commissioner Elise Jones.
"In fact, Colorado is one of the fastest warming states in the
nation. Climate change is not just about sea level rise. It
affects all of us in the middle of the country as well."<br>
<br>
"Our communities and our taxpayers should not shoulder the cost of
climate change adaptation alone. These oil companies need to pay
their fair share," added Boulder Mayor Suzanne Jones.<br>
<br>
In Colorado, climate change affects fragile high-altitude
ecosystems and hits at the heart of these communities' local
economies, affecting roads and bridges, parks and forests,
buildings, farming and agriculture, the ski industry, and public
open space. Over the next few decades, Colorado communities are
expected to spend more than $100 million to deal with those
impacts.<br>
- - - - -<br>
"For over 50 years, Suncor and Exxon have known that fossil fuels
would cause severe climate impacts," Simons said. "To enhance
their own profits, they concealed this knowledge and spread doubt
about science they knew to be correct. Now, communities all over
this country are left to foot the bill."<br>
<br>
"This lawsuit challenges the reckless behavior of all fossil fuel
companies," said Emma Bray of Earth Guardians and one of the youth
plaintiffs in the case Martinez v. Colorado Oil and Gas
Conservation Commission. "How does the oil and gas industry
justify business that will make the Earth uninhabitable?"<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/04/17/colorado-climate-lawsuits-exxon-suncor/">https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/04/17/colorado-climate-lawsuits-exxon-suncor/</a></font><br>
- - - - <br>
[E&E NEW$]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.eenews.net/eenewspm/2018/04/17/stories/1060079323">E&E
News: Boulder sues oil companies over damages due to warming</a></b><br>
The city of Boulder and two Colorado counties today sued Suncor
Energy Inc. and Exxon Mobil Corp., joining a growing list of cities
suing oil and gas companies for damages associated with climate
change.<br>
The lawsuit alleges that the companies are responsible for altering
Colorado's climate by releasing greenhouse gas emissions into the
atmosphere and that they "concealed and misrepresented" the dangers
of fossil fuel use from the public.<br>
The companies' actions have caused harm to residents and the state's
high-altitude ecosystems, according to the lawsuit. Climate change,
the suit says, has affected local economies, roads and bridges,
parks, buildings, agriculture and the state's ski industry...<br>
<font size="-1">read more <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.eenews.net/eenewspm/2018/04/17/stories/1060079323">https://www.eenews.net/eenewspm/2018/04/17/stories/1060079323</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Yale Climate Connections}<br>
AUDIO <br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2018/04/how-climate-change-hurts-childrens-health/">Children's
health is disproportionately affected by climate change They're
more vulnerable than adults</a></b><br>
<blockquote>Rising temperatures, drought, and weather disasters can
threaten people's health. Nobody is exempt. But …<br>
Perera: "The health of children is disproportionately affected by
climate change."<br>
Frederica Perera is director of the Columbia Center for Children's
Environmental Health. She says children are vulnerable because
their immune systems are not mature. And, their rapidly growing
bodies are more sensitive to damage from disease and environmental
contaminants.<br>
In particular, children are more likely than adults to die from
diarrheal disease, which is expected to become more common in some
areas as the climate warms.<br>
And some children are at more risk than others.<br>
Perera: "It is the children living in low income countries and
communities who are most affected."<br>
Low-income communities often lack the resources to effectively
prevent and treat illness. What's more, climate change-related
food shortages can lead to malnourishment, which puts children at
greater risk of other health problems.<br>
To help protect children, Perera says we need to limit global
warming by reducing fossil fuel emissions.<br>
Perera: "We know how to do this. Means are at hand now and the
science supports action now."<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1">Author Sarah Kennedy is a Philadelphia-based writer
and editor. She is interested in how people think and talk about
the connections between climate change and their individual lives,
livelihoods, and communities.</font><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2018/04/how-climate-change-hurts-childrens-health/">https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2018/04/how-climate-change-hurts-childrens-health/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT KNOWLEDGE PLATFORM<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/HLPWater">High Level
Panel on Water - 4 min Video: Water's Promise: Making Every Drop
Count</a></b><br>
Sustainable Development<br>
Published on Mar 14, 2018<br>
In April 2016 the United Nations Secretary-General and President of
the World Bank Group convened a High Level Panel on Water (HLPW),
consisting of 11 sitting Heads of State and Government and one
Special Adviser, to provide the leadership required to champion a
comprehensive, inclusive and collaborative way of developing and
managing water resources, and improving water and sanitation related
services. <br>
The core focus of the Panel was the commitment to ensure
availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for
all, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, as well as to contribute
to the achievement of the other SDGs that rely on the development
and management of water resources. <br>
On 14 March 2018 the HLPW mandate ended with the release of their
outcome package consisting of an open letter to fellow leaders, an
outcome document, short summaries of key initiatives undertaken by
the Panel and a "galvanizing" video. <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/HLPWater">https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/HLPWater</a></font><br>
- - - - - <br>
[The World Bank]<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water"><br>
Water Making Every Drop Count</a></b><br>
Water is at the center of economic and social development: it is
vital to maintain health, grow food, generate energy, manage the
environment, and create jobs. Water availability and management
impacts whether poor girls are educated, whether cities are healthy
places to live, and whether growing industries or poor villages can
withstand the impacts of floods or droughts...<br>
- - - - -<br>
However, 4.5 billion people lack safely managed sanitation services
and 2.1 billion people lack access to safely managed drinking water
services. And water-related hazards, including floods, storms, and
droughts, are responsible for 9 out of 10 natural disasters. Climate
change is expected to increase this risk, in addition to placing
greater stress on water supplies....<br>
- - - - -<br>
Of the 2.1 billion people who do not have access to safely managed
water, 844 million do not have even a basic drinking water service.
Of the 4.5 billion people who do not have safely managed sanitation,
2.3 billion still do not have basic sanitation services. As a
result, every year, 361,000 children under 5 years of age die due to
diarrhea related to poor sanitation and contaminated water, which
are also linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera,
dysentery, hepatitis A, and typhoid.<br>
<br>
Water supply and sanitation is just one aspect of the broader water
agenda. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) build on the success
of the last 15 years, while challenging donors and governments to
address issues of water quality and scarcity to balance the needs of
households, agriculture, industry, energy, and the environment over
the next 15 years.<br>
<br>
Water security is among the top global risks in terms of development
impact. It is also an integral part to the achievement of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The world will not be able to
meet the sustainable development challenges of the 21st century -
human development, livable cities, climate change, food security,
and energy security - without improving management of water
resources and ensuring access to reliable water and sanitation
services.<br>
- - - - - -<br>
Estimates show that with current population growth and water
management practices, the world will face a 40% shortfall between
forecast demand and available supply of water by 2030.<br>
Today, 70% of global water withdrawals are for agriculture. Feeding
9 billion people by 2050 will require a 60% increase in agricultural
production and a 15% increase in water withdrawals.<br>
The world will need more water for energy generation but already
today, over 1.3 billion people still lack access to electricity.<br>
More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas.
And the number is growing fast.<br>
Groundwater is being depleted at a rate faster than it is being
replenished. By 2025, about 1.8 billion people will be living in
regions or countries with absolute water scarcity. A World Bank
report published in May 2016 suggests that water scarcity,
exacerbated by climate change, could cost some regions up to 6% of
their GDP, spur migration, and spark conflict.<br>
The combined effects of growing populations, rising incomes, and
expanding cities will see demand for water rising exponentially,
while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain.<br>
Last Updated: Apr 11, 2018<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water">http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water</a><br>
- - - - - - <br>
[Acequia is a community water course for irrigation ]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180416142503.htm">Effects
of climate change on communally managed water systems softened
by shared effort</a></b><br>
Science Daily <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180416142503.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180416142503.htm</a><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acequia">definition: Acequia</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acequia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acequia</a><br>
- - - - - -<br>
Studying the resilience of acequias<br>
The researchers used a model based on the northern New Mexico town
of Valdez, which is the farthest upriver of 11 acequia systems along
the Rio Hondo. An acequia is a ditch that diverts water for farming
and agricultural use from upland streams by using gravity and head
gates. Acequia also refers to the community that uses and governs
the ditch. There are about 800 acequias in northern New Mexico and
southern Colorado. Some were originally built by Spanish colonists
more than three centuries ago.<br>
"These acequias have gone through multiple changes in government,
from colonial times to modern day, and survived throughout all those
social changes," Gunda said. "Now they are facing natural changes
from climate change and increasing demands from downstream users."<br>
- - - - <br>
The research team used the two models to simulate three different
conditions. The three scenarios compare 30-year historical stream
outputs from 1969 to 1998 to 30-year periods in the near future
(2019 to 2048) and the far future (2069 to 2098).<br>
<br>
In the first scenario, the acequia experiences decreased water
levels and an earlier peak flow - the month when the acequia
receives the greatest amount of water. The community diverts water
the same amount of time as before, and closes its gate to let water
continue downstream about 25 percent of the time. An acequia will
close its gate to ensure downstream communities have sufficient
access to the water based on standing agreements.<br>
<br>
In the second and third scenarios, the acequia still experiences
decreased water levels and earlier peak flows, but also faces
increased gate closures throughout the year, amounting to 50 percent
of the year in the second scenario, and 75 percent of the year in
the third scenario. This is based on the likely increased pressure
from downstream users asking their upstream neighbors to divert less
water.<br>
- - - - - <br>
The results of the study were surprising, in the sense that
agricultural profitability actually increased during the first
scenario," Gunda said. "With the shift in peak stream flows to
earlier in the season due to climate change, the acequia members
were able to use that earlier water more productively, and it
created this feedback cycle where because they had more access to
that water, they were able to grow more crops, including more
profitable crops, and that incentivized them to invest in
agriculture, and that time spent in agriculture strengthened the
community."<br>
<br>
In the second and third scenarios, Gunda says agricultural
profitability tanked, but the size of the community grew, because
landowners were more likely to sell pieces of their parcels so new
members could enter the community.<br>
<br>
"We can look at the history of acequias and see that they are not
very sensitive to shock, otherwise they wouldn't have the capacity
to stay together for as long as they have," Gunda said. "When
newcomers enter the community and engage in agricultural work and
help maintain the acequia, that reinforces the bonds of the
community. It gives them the buffer to be able to stay together long
enough to adapt to the new conditions."<br>
<br>
The findings show the mechanisms that strengthen community cohesion
in acequias -- time spent doing agricultural work and maintaining
the ditch together -- helped reinforce individual connections with
the community, which softened the impacts of climate change and
helped the acequia stay together.<br>
<br>
"By taking this sociological look at the system, it helped us see
some behaviors and how these social systems might mitigate factors
that would otherwise pose challenges that could cause these systems
to disappear," said Vince Tidwell, Sandia engineer and co-author of
the paper.<br>
<br>
While the study focused on acequias because of their historical
resilience, Gunda said the findings have broader implications for
communally-managed water systems worldwide.<br>
<blockquote>"In Sri Lanka, community cohesion is focused on kinship
and passing down parcels of the land to your children, which
perpetuates the connection of families to the land," Gunda said.
"In Bali, the cohesion is focused around water temples and
religious figures. All these different modes of community cohesion
exist, and our modeling work shows that we really need to
understand how these mechanisms for community cohesion can lend
themselves to increased resilience in times of pressure. We need
to understand the social structure as well as the physical
environment."<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180416142503.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180416142503.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[from Dana Nuccitelli in TheGuardian]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/apr/16/the-courts-are-deciding-whos-to-blame-for-climate-change">The
courts are deciding who's to blame for climate change</a></b><br>
Oil companies? The government? The public? All of the above share
the blame.<br>
<blockquote> The oil companies do make a valid point that consumers
share the blame for causing climate change. The public has been
aware of the climate threat for over a decade – the subject was
popularized in An Inconvenient Truth in 2006. Yet 12 years later,
Americans are still buying gas guzzling trucks and SUVs, while
hybrid and electric vehicles account for just 3% of new car sales.<br>
<br>
While the electrical grid has become cleaner due to the falling
costs of wind, solar, and natural gas displacing coal power
plants, Americans haven't done much to demand or spark that sort
of change in other energy sectors. That would take climate policy,
which most Americans (including Trump voters) support, but their
support is shallow. It's not an issue that decides votes, so
policymakers aren't pressured to take action.<br>
<br>
The fossil fuel industry certainly bears some responsibility for
having funneled tens of millions of dollars to climate-denying
think tanks that have worked hard to misinform the American
public. Republican Party politicians and conservative media
outlets have followed their lead in helping to convey that climate
misinformation. A recent study found evidence that "Americans may
have formed their attitudes [on climate change] by using party
elite cues" delivered via the media. The history books will not
reflect well on today's American conservatives.<br>
<br>
However, when hybrid cars have been mass produced for over 20
years and yet 97% of new cars sold in America are still powered
exclusively by inefficient, polluting, 19th Century internal
combustion engine technology, Americans as a whole are also
failing to do their part to curb climate change.<br>
<br>
There's plenty of blame to go around for the mounting climate
costs, but so far, taxpayers are footing the whole bill. There may
eventually be a court case in which the fossil fuel industry, like
the tobacco industry before it, is held responsible for its role
in deceiving the American public about the dangers of carbon
pollution. And American voters will eventually punish the
Republican Party for its decades of climate denial and policy
obstruction. Accountability is coming.<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/apr/16/the-courts-are-deciding-whos-to-blame-for-climate-change">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/apr/16/the-courts-are-deciding-whos-to-blame-for-climate-change</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[video - nice explanation, very current]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQliow4ghtU">How a warmer
Arctic could intensify extreme weather</a></b><br>
Vox - Published on Apr 17, 2018<br>
Is there a link between the vanishing Arctic sea ice and extreme
weather?<br>
Some prominent climate researchers think so. That's because warming
temperatures in the Arctic are altering the behavior of the polar
jet stream, a high-altitude river of air that drives weather
patterns across the globe. As the winds that propel the jet stream
weaken, storms, droughts, and extreme heat and cold move over
continents at slower rates, meaning bad weather can stick around for
longer. <br>
Eli Kintisch reports aboard the Norwegian research vessel Helmer
Hanssen about how changing conditions at the top of the world could
be impacting weather far away.<br>
This video is part of a three-part series on the changing Arctic. <br>
Part 1 - <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msD4agiRTxM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msD4agiRTxM</a><br>
Thanks to the Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting for supporting
Thaw. You can find this video and all of Vox's videos on YouTube.
Subscribe and stay tuned for more.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQliow4ghtU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQliow4ghtU</a><br>
- - - - -<br>
[Six minute video, well produced and current]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msD4agiRTxM">What melting
sea ice means for life in the Arctic</a></b><br>
Vox - Published on Apr 9, 2018<br>
Light is flooding into the Arctic. There will be winners and losers.<br>
That's what brought an international group of scientists to the
Barents Sea to investigate how plant and animal life will adapt to
the new normal. <br>
Two key factors that govern the arctic ecosystem are rapidly
changing: ice and light. The Arctic is the fastest warming place on
earth, and ice that used to form on the surface of the ocean is
vanishing. That's threatening species large and small that rely on
it, but it's also created an opportunity. Less ice means more light
reaches the underwater ecosystem, benefiting the algae that anchors
it as well as apex predators like whales and seals. <br>
This video is part of a three-part series on the changing Arctic.
Thanks to the Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting for supporting
Thaw. Subscribe and stay tuned for more.<br>
Footage and story made possible by Interdependent Pictures'
documentary film, "Into the Dark," coming 2019. (Learn more: <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.interdependentpictures.or">https://www.interdependentpictures.or</a>...)
<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msD4agiRTxM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msD4agiRTxM</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://climatecrocks.com/2018/04/17/in-china-solar-roads/">In
China – Solar Roads</a></b><br>
April 17, 2018<br>
People get really indignant about the possibility of solar roads,
but I think, frankly, if China decides there will be solar roads,
there will be solar roads. - Peter Sinclair<br>
Bloomberg:<br>
<blockquote>The road to China's autonomous-driving future is paved
with solar panels, mapping sensors and electric-battery rechargers
as the nation tests an "intelligent highway" that could speed the
transformation of the global transportation industry.<br>
<br>
The technologies will be embedded underneath transparent concrete
used to build a 1,080-meter-long (3,540-foot-long) stretch of road
in the eastern city of Jinan. About 45,000 vehicles barrel over
the section every day, and the solar panels inside generate enough
electricity to power highway lights and 800 homes, according to
builder Qilu Transportation Development Group Co.<br>
<br>
Yet Qilu Transportation wants to do more than supply juice to the
grid: it wants the road to be just as smart as the vehicles of the
future. The government says 10 percent of all cars should be fully
self-driving by 2030, and Qilu considers that an opportunity to
deliver better traffic updates, more accurate mapping and
on-the-go recharging of electric-vehicle batteries - all from the
ground up.<br>
<br>
"The highways we have been using can only carry vehicles passing
by, and they are like the 1.0-generation product," said Zhou Yong,
the company's general manager. "We're working on the 2.0 and 3.0
generations by transplanting brains and a nervous system."<br>
<br>
The construction comes as President Xi Jinping's government pushes
ahead with a "Made in China 2025" plan to help the nation become
an advanced manufacturing power and not just a supplier of
sneakers, clothes and toys for export. The 10 sectors highlighted
include new-energy vehicles, information technology and robotics.<br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climatecrocks.com/2018/04/17/in-china-solar-roads/">https://climatecrocks.com/2018/04/17/in-china-solar-roads/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Opinion - audio podcast]<br>
<b><a
href="https://whowhatwhy.org/2018/04/09/earth-is-on-the-verge-of-collapse-is-eco-socialism-the-only-answer/">Earth
Is on the Verge of Collapse - Is Eco-Socialism the Only Answer?</a></b><br>
A Radical View of the Existential Crisis Facing Our Environment<br>
We are facing planet-wide extinction, a climate emergency - and
our current course is suicidal.<br>
That is the underlying belief of author and scientist Richard Smith,
who is Jeff Schechtman's guest on this week's WhoWhatWhy podcast.<br>
Smith believes that our current model of capitalism, with virtually
unlimited growth and consumption, cannot sustain a planetary
population of nine billion people. He tells Schechtman that we do
not need most of what we consume, and that our current behavior must
stop. But Smith's Jeremiad goes even further.<br>
He talks about the need to stop building planes and cars, to ration
air travel and fishing, to nationalize and take public control of
the fossil fuel industry, to close down oil companies and many
manufacturers of disposable consumer goods, and to make less stuff.
He understands that this may mean putting whole industries out of
business and people out of work, but he thinks it's the only way to
keep the planet habitable for humans.<br>
As just one solution, Smith talks about the need for global
agreements on everything. That nation-states should no longer make
many of the decisions they do now. That we need global plebiscites,
a contraction or elimination of capitalism, and more global
equality. Anything short of this, he argues, will bring the collapse
of civilization.<br>
It's a radical set of views, but powerful food for thought.<br>
Smith is the author of Green Capitalism: The God That Failed
(College Publications, 2016).<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://whowhatwhy.org/2018/04/09/earth-is-on-the-verge-of-collapse-is-eco-socialism-the-only-answer/">https://whowhatwhy.org/2018/04/09/earth-is-on-the-verge-of-collapse-is-eco-socialism-the-only-answer/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=7369">This
Day in Climate History - April 18, 1977</a> - from D.R.
Tucker</b></font><br>
April 18, 1977: President Carter declares that the effort needed to
avert an energy crisis is the "moral equivalent of war."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=7369">http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=7369</a><br>
<br>
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