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<font size="+1"><i>April 21, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[new military quote]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/04/20/senior-military-leaders-take-climate-change-in-the-arctic-seriously/#more-15810">"The
damn thing melted" - Secretary of the Navy Richard Spencer on
the Arctic, April 19, 2018</a></b><br>
Then on Thursday, April 19, as<span> </span><a
href="https://news.usni.org/2018/04/19/navy-to-release-arctic-strategy-this-summer-will-include-blue-water-arctic-operations"
style="color: rgb(12, 83, 144); text-decoration: none;">reported
in<span> </span><em style="font-style: italic;">USNI News</em>,</a><span> </span>Secretary
of the Navy Richard Spencer, and Chief of Naval Operations Admiral
John Richardson, both highlighted these climate-related Arctic
challenges<span> </span><a
href="https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/hearings/18-04-19-posture-of-the-department-of-the-navy"
style="color: rgb(12, 83, 144); text-decoration: none;">during and
after a posture hearing</a><span> </span>before the Senate Armed
Services Committee, in the context of their decision to revise the
2014 Arctic Strategy. From the<span> </span><em style="font-style:
italic;">USNI</em><span> </span><a
href="https://news.usni.org/2018/04/19/navy-to-release-arctic-strategy-this-summer-will-include-blue-water-arctic-operations"
style="color: rgb(12, 83, 144); text-decoration: none;">article</a>:<br>
<blockquote><b>"Asked what triggered the decision to revise the 2014
document now, Richardson said "the Arctic triggered it" - and
Spencer added, "the damn thing melted."</b><br>
"The Arctic ice caps are as small as they've been in my lifetime,"
Richardson said.<br>
"And that gives rise to strategic changes. Waterways that are
open. The secretary mentioned the blue-water Arctic. Continental
shelves that are exposed, and the resources on those shelves. So
there are strategic issues that arise from that shrinking of the
icecap. And then there's this National Defense Strategy that's
changed our focus as well. So it's really, from a number of
perspectives, about time to do that again."<br>
</blockquote>
By our count,<span> </span><a
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/02/21/chronology-of-u-s-military-leadership-on-climate-change-and-security-2017-2018/"
style="color: rgb(12, 83, 144); text-decoration: none;">16 senior
defense leaders</a><span> </span>during this Administration have
raised concerns about a changing climate, and its implications for
the military mission.<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/04/20/senior-military-leaders-take-climate-change-in-the-arctic-seriously/#more-15810">https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/04/20/senior-military-leaders-take-climate-change-in-the-arctic-seriously/#more-15810</a><br>
</font>- - - - -<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://news.usni.org/2018/04/19/navy-to-release-arctic-strategy-this-summer-will-include-blue-water-arctic-operations"><br>
Navy to Release Arctic Strategy This Summer, Will Include Blue
Water Arctic Operations<br>
</a></b>By: Megan Eckstein<br>
April 19, 2018<br>
CAPITOL HILL - The Navy will release a new Arctic strategy this
summer to reflect the potential for "blue-water Arctic" operations,
service leadership said today.<br>
Navy Secretary Richard V. Spencer told the Senate Armed Services
Committee that a Navy Arctic Strategy was set for release this
summer, as a follow-up to the 2014 U.S. Navy Arctic Roadmap.<br>
Spencer noted that Russia is paving 12,000-foot runways and building
up a military presence in the Arctic in the name of "search and
rescue," he said while making air-quotes. The U.S. Navy, meanwhile,
does not have ice-hardened ships and has minimal presence in the
region, aside from the annual ICEX submarine event.<br>
"We need to have presence up there," he told lawmakers.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.usni.org/2018/04/19/navy-to-release-arctic-strategy-this-summer-will-include-blue-water-arctic-operations">https://news.usni.org/2018/04/19/navy-to-release-arctic-strategy-this-summer-will-include-blue-water-arctic-operations</a></font><br>
<font size="-1">- - - - -<br>
</font>[Russian dog fight]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2018/04/20-fighter-jets-played-war-game-arctic-sky">20
fighter jets played war game in Arctic sky</a></b><br>
Pilots from the Russian Air Force and Northern Fleet together hunted
down and destroyed simulated violators of Russian Arctic airspace.<br>
by Atle Staalesen - April 18, 2018<br>
More than 20 aircrafts participated in the drills, the Northern
Fleet informs. Among them was a group of Mig-31 interceptor planes,
which was supported by four teams of Su-24 supersonic attack
aircrafts.<br>
The aircrafts belong to the air wing of the Northern Fleet, as well
as to the Air Force, and the joint exercise included strikes against
simulated enemy targets in the Arctic.<br>
The exercise took place in both daytime and night time, the Northern
Fleet informs. The pilots conducted independent search of violators
of the country's Arctic airspace and shot with missiles against
targets.<br>
This helps the pilots perfect their skills in complicated and
high-altitude flying, a press release reads. For the crews of the
Mig-31s, it helps enhance coordination and improve efficiency in
intercepting and eliminating enemy air targets...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2018/04/20-fighter-jets-played-war-game-arctic-sky">https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2018/04/20-fighter-jets-played-war-game-arctic-sky</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[I knew it!]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418141344.htm">Republicans
more persuasive than scientists on climate change</a></b><br>
Date:<br>
April 18, 2018<br>
Regardless of political affiliation, people are more likely to
believe facts about climate change when they come from Republicans
speaking against what has become a partisan interest in this
country, says a new University of Connecticut study.<br>
In fact, Republicans are even more persuasive than scientists when
it comes to correcting misinformation about climate change,
researchers found.<br>
"Unfortunately, correcting misinformation is much harder than simply
providing 'facts'," says Lyle Scruggs, professor of political
science at UConn, who co-authored the paper with Salil Benegal, a
recent UConn Ph.D. graduate, now at DePauw University. The study is
published in Climatic Change.<br>
"For science issues such as climate change, we might expect
scientists to be a credible and neutral authority," says Benegal.
"However, partisanship increasingly influences perceptions of
scientific credibility."...<br>
- - - -<br>
The findings have implications for environmental communication
strategies that seek to improve awareness about climate change.<br>
"Citing Republican elites who endorse the scientific consensus on
climate change may be the most effective way to persuade citizens
that climate change is a real and important problem," says Scruggs.
"That may be a step forward in reducing the partisan gap in public
opinion on the subject."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418141344.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418141344.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[like layers of vinegar and oil]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418141520.htm">Study
reveals new Antarctic process contributing to sea level rise and
climate change</a></b><br>
Date: April 18, 2018<br>
Source: University of Tasmania<br>
Summary: A new study has revealed a previously undocumented process
where melting glacial ice sheets change the ocean in a way that
further accelerates the rate of ice melt and sea level rise. The
research found that glacial meltwater makes the ocean's surface
layer less salty and more buoyant, preventing deep mixing in winter
and allowing warm water at depth to retain its heat and further melt
glaciers from below.<br>
- - - - - -<br>
"This process is similar to what happens when you put oil and water
in a container, with the oil floating on top because it's lighter
and less dense," Mr Silvano said.<br>
- - - - -<br>
"The same happens near Antarctica with fresh glacial meltwater,
which stays above the warmer and saltier ocean water, insulating the
warm water from the cold Antarctic atmosphere and allowing it to
cause further glacial melting.<br>
"We found that in this way increased glacial meltwater can cause a
positive feedback, driving further melt of ice shelves and hence an
increase in sea level rise."<br>
The study found that fresh meltwater also reduces the formation and
sinking of dense water in some regions around Antarctica, slowing
ocean circulation which takes up and stores heat and carbon dioxide.<br>
"The cold glacial meltwaters flowing from the Antarctic cause a
slowing of the currents which enable the ocean to draw down carbon
dioxide and heat from the atmosphere.<br>
<blockquote> <b>"In combination, the two processes we identified
feed off each other to further accelerate climate change."</b><br>
</blockquote>
Mr Silvano said a similar mechanism has been proposed to explain
rapid sea level rise of up to five metres per century at the end of
the last glacial period around 15,000 years ago.<br>
"Our study shows that this feedback process is not only possible but
is in fact already underway, and may drive further acceleration of
the rate of sea level rise in the future.<br>
"Currently the ice shelves resist the flow of ice to the ocean,
acting like a buttress to hold the ice sheet on the Antarctic
continent.<br>
<blockquote> <b>"Where warm ocean waters flow under the ice shelves
they can drive rapid melting from below, causing ice shelves to
thin or break up and reducing the buttressing effect.</b><br>
</blockquote>
"This process leads to rising sea levels as more ice flows to the
ocean.<br>
"Our results suggest that a further increase in the supply of
glacial meltwater to the waters around the Antarctic shelf may
trigger a transition from a cold regime to a warm regime,
characterised by high rates of melting from the base of ice shelves
and reduced formation of cold bottom waters that support ocean
uptake of atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide," Mr Silvano said.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418141520.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180418141520.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[PBS NOVA program]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.thirteen.org/programs/nova/decoding-the-weather-machine-vgqhot/">"Decoding
the Weather Machine" </a></b><br>
EPISODE S45 E7: <br>
Disastrous hurricanes. Widespread droughts and wildfires. Withering
heat. Extreme rainfall. It is hard not to conclude that something's
up with the weather, and many scientists agree. It's the result of
the weather machine itself-our climate-changing, becoming hotter and
more erratic. In this 2-hour documentary, NOVA will cut through the
confusion around climate change.<br>
AIRED: 3/9/2018 | 1:53:21 | EXPIRES: 5/16/2018<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.thirteen.org/programs/nova/decoding-the-weather-machine-vgqhot/">https://www.thirteen.org/programs/nova/decoding-the-weather-machine-vgqhot/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Video lecture starts about 16 minutes in]<br>
<b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck8u1-XS9rM">Antarctica
& The Southern Ocean: Prof Matthew England (February 2018)</a></b><br>
Understanding Climate Change<br>
Published on Mar 5, 2018<br>
Main lecture starts around the 16:00 mark<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck8u1-XS9rM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck8u1-XS9rM</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[Russian Travel]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/travel/2018/04/five-nuclear-powered-voyages-north-pole">Five
nuclear-powered voyages to melting North Pole</a></b><br>
Been there, seen that: 600 tourists pay up to $43,000 each to crush
through the ice towards the top of the world before it melts away.<br>
By Thomas Nilsen - April 18, 2018<br>
"50 let pobedy" - the most powerful icebreaker ever built will serve
as a cruise-ship for some of the best-paying travelers this summer.
With start in Murmansk, the nuclear-powered giant sails towards the
North Pole five times from June to August. Each tour takes 120
passengers.<br>
Poseidon Expeditions, one of the operators organizing the tours,
promotes the feeling of crushing through the ice like this:<br>
<blockquote> "As we make our way across the ice cap, you witness
firsthand the ship's awesome power as massive ice blocks give way
under the enormous bulk of the spoon-shaped bow. The sensation of
being on deck at this time is surreal and unforgettable."<br>
</blockquote>
Maybe more unforgettable today than tomorrow. The sea ice is
currently melting away in record speed. Arctic sea ice gets thinner
and younger, making it move faster and breaks up more easily. This
is the consequences of global warming, making the last few winters
in the high north weirdly warm.<br>
National Snow & Ice Data Center at the University of Colorado
Boulder follows the development by studying satellite data. As the
Arctic sea ice was at its maximum extent in March, the centre
concluded that 2018 became the second lowest extent in the 39-year
satellite record, falling just behind 2017. Worse: the four lowest
seasonal maxima have all occurred during the last four years.<br>
<b>Polar scientists predict the North Pole could be ice free within
a few decades. In summer.</b><br>
Russia's fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers is state-owned and
operated by Rosatomflot in Murmansk. Director of the fleet,
Vyacheslav Ruksha, says bringing tourists to the North Pole in the
summer season isn't among the most profitable voyages the
icebreakers make.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/travel/2018/04/five-nuclear-powered-voyages-north-pole">https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/travel/2018/04/five-nuclear-powered-voyages-north-pole</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Every day has been Earth Day]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>These various Earth Days in Climate History -
April 21, 1993 - 2012 - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
April 21, 1993: President Clinton pledges to combat carbon pollution<br>
in an Earth Day address.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://c-spanvideo.org/program/DayAd">http://c-spanvideo.org/program/DayAd</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=46460">http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=46460</a><br>
- - - - -<br>
April 21, 2004: At a Washington, D.C. press conference, Martha Marks<br>
of Republicans for Environmental Protection issues an Earth Day<br>
message to the GOP, urging the party to "[pursue] bipartisan
solutions<br>
to the very real problem of global warming, instead of stonewalling<br>
and hoping the problem will go away."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20040602191537/http://www.rep.org/opinions/speeches/44.html">http://web.archive.org/web/20040602191537/http://www.rep.org/opinions/speeches/44.html</a><br>
- - - - -<br>
April 21, 2007: At the White House Correspondents' Association
dinner,<br>
White House senior advisor Karl Rove reacts scornfully to a request
by<br>
environmentalist Laurie David to have the George W. Bush<br>
administration reconsider its approach to the climate-change issue.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/22/AR2007042200353.html?hpid=moreheadlines">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/22/AR2007042200353.html?hpid=moreheadlines</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/46501">http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/46501</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/23/washington/23rove.html?_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/23/washington/23rove.html?_r=0</a><br>
- - - - - -<br>
April 21, 2008: Americans for Prosperity--the front group owned by<br>
billionaire oilmen (and climate-change deniers) Charles and David<br>
Koch--kicks off a "Hot Air Tour" intended to stir up opposition to<br>
bipartisan climate-change legislation in the US Senate.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_mesg&forum=389&topic_id=3210645&mesg_id=3210645">http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_mesg&forum=389&topic_id=3210645&mesg_id=3210645</a><br>
- - - - -<br>
April 21, 2012: Former EPA Administrator Christine Todd Whitman,<br>
former New York Times columnist Bob Herbert, meteorologist Paul<br>
Douglas, political consultant Victoria DeFrancesco Soto and<br>
progressive radio host Sam Seder discuss the politics of climate<br>
change on MSNBC's "Up with Chris Hayes."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.mediaite.com/tv/chris-hayes-asks-republican-meteorologist-to-help-convince-gop-of-climate-change/">http://www.mediaite.com/tv/chris-hayes-asks-republican-meteorologist-to-help-convince-gop-of-climate-change/</a><br>
<br>
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