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<font size="+1"><i>June 6, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/05/u-s-forest-service-preps-another-summer-devastating-wildfires/673620002/">Forest
Service preps for another summer of devastating wildfires across
much of the country</a></b><br>
Michael Collins, USA TODAY<br>
WASHINGTON - Get ready for another summer of destructive wildfires
across much of the country.<br>
Forecasters at the National Interagency Fire Center are predicting
that warmer and drier-than-normal conditions have put large portions
of the Western United States at above-average risk for significant
wildfires between now and September.<br>
This year's wildfire season could rival last year's, which was one
of the most devastating on record, said Vicki Christiansen, interim
chief of the U.S. Forest Service.<br>
- - - -<br>
"Early predictions indicate that 2018 will likely be another
challenging wildfire year," she said.<br>
- - - -<br>
Massive wildfires that started last week in New Mexico and Colorado
are burning through thousands of acres.<br>
Other states that are likely to experience forest fires this year
include Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah
and Washington.<br>
The Forest Service and its partners have more than 10,000
firefighters, 900 engines and hundreds of aircraft available to
manage the fires, Christiansen told senators.<br>
"At this time, we believe these to be adequate resources to address
wildfire activity, but will continue to evaluate our needs as the
year progresses," she said.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/05/u-s-forest-service-preps-another-summer-devastating-wildfires/673620002/">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/05/u-s-forest-service-preps-another-summer-devastating-wildfires/673620002/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[US Map - 3 month outlook]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://wildfiretoday.com/2018/06/02/precipitation-and-temperature-outlook-for-this-summer/">Precipitation
and temperature outlook for this summer</a></b><br>
Yesterday the National Interagency Fire Center released their
monthly<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://wildfiretoday.com/2018/06/01/wildfire-potential-june-through-september-5/">
wildfire potential outlook for the next four months.</a> They
predicted that in July the areas with the highest potential will
move from the Southwest to Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Western
Montana, California, and northern Nevada.<br>
These charts show the National Weather Service's outlook for
precipitation and temperature for June through August, 2018.<br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://wildfiretoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Deqy_2hX0AAN_hs.jpg">Three
month precipitation outlook </a><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://wildfiretoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Deqy_2hX0AAN_hs.jpg"><br>
</a><font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://wildfiretoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Deqy_2hX0AAN_hs.jpg">http://wildfiretoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Deqy_2hX0AAN_hs.jpg</a></font><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://wildfiretoday.com/2018/06/02/precipitation-and-temperature-outlook-for-this-summer/">http://wildfiretoday.com/2018/06/02/precipitation-and-temperature-outlook-for-this-summer/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[fuel, dry, and spark]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180605103439.htm">The
key triggers of the costly 2017 wildfire season</a></b><br>
Series of wildfire factors that culminated in the big burns of 2017<br>
Date: June 5, 2018<br>
Source: University of Colorado at Boulder<br>
Summary: New research shows that three major 'switches' affecting
wildfire -- fuel, aridity, and ignition -- were either flipped on
and/or kept on longer than expected last year, triggering one of the
largest and costliest US wildfire seasons in recent decades... <br>
<blockquote>"We expect to see more fire seasons like we saw last
year," said Megan Cattau, an Earth Lab researcher and a co-author
on the study. "Thus, it is becoming increasingly critical that we
strengthen our wildfire prediction and warning systems, support
suppression and recovery efforts and develop sustained policies
that help us coexist with fire."<br>
</blockquote>
The paper notes that computer climate models project an increased
risk of extreme wet winters in California and a decrease in summer
precipitation across the entire West Coast. Those models also tend
to project a delay in the onset of fall rain and snow.<br>
Although naturally occurring climate variability influences
environmental conditions that affect the wildfire season, that
variation is superimposed on an anthropogenically warmer world, so
climate change is magnifying the effects of heat and precipitation
extremes, Balch said.<br>
<blockquote>"The 2018 wildfire season is already underway and here
at home in the southern Rockies, fuels are very dry," said Balch.
"June is forecasted to be a busy month in terms of wildfires due
to severe drought and low snowpack."...<font size="-1"><br>
</font></blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180605103439.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180605103439.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Opinion]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-is-canada-going-to-be-the-first-country-to-break-apart-over-climate/">The
great Canadian climate delusion</a></b><br>
Thomas Homer-Dixon and Yonatan Strauch<br>
Special to The Globe and Mail<br>
Published June 1, 2018 <br>
- - - -<br>
Continued investment in the oil sands generally, and in the Trans
Mountain pipeline specifically, means Canada is doubling down on a
no-win bet. We're betting that the world will fail to meet the
reduction targets in the Paris Climate Agreement, thus needing more
and more oil, including our expensive and polluting bitumen. We're
betting, in other words, on climate disaster. If, however, the world
finally gets its act together and significantly cuts emissions, then
Canada will lose much of its investment in the oil sands and the
Trans Mountain pipeline expansion, because the first oil to be cut
will be higher-cost oil such as ours.<br>
<blockquote>Heads or tails, we lose. That's the idiocy of it. We
can't have our lucrative oil sands profits and a safe climate,
too.<br>
</blockquote>
This isn't just rhetoric. Canada has no plan to meet its 2030 Paris
Agreement emission targets, because it's virtually impossible to do
so if the oil sands' output rises to Alberta's cap of 100 million
tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions a year. Under the agreement, the
global oil market won't have room for our oil, either. Scenarios to
limit warming to 2 degrees, the Paris Agreement's bottom-line
target, clearly show that oil demand must decline...<br>
- - - -<br>
More fundamentally, we've given up being honest with ourselves.
We're increasingly living in a delusional fantasy land in which our
oil sands policies make environmental and economic sense.<br>
As the planet warms, and as the world's energy transition
accelerates, the gamble at the heart of Canadian oil sands policy
will only become harder to sustain. The more some of us try to hide
that reality with double-speak and wilful self-delusion, the more
the fissures in our federation will deepen, because others will call
out the lies. So, the path we're on - the path we took another huge
step down this past week, courtesy of the federal Liberals - only
leads to a fractured country. It's our choice whether to keep
going...<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-is-canada-going-to-be-the-first-country-to-break-apart-over-climate/">https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-is-canada-going-to-be-the-first-country-to-break-apart-over-climate/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[A dark view is not untrue, also not assured]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WiDE17Imlo">These people
speak the truth about the urgency of the climate crisis!
#WeDontHaveTime to wait</a></b><br>
We Don't Have Time<br>
Published May 30, 2018 Video, transcript:<br>
"Oil drives you crazy. Oil corrupts politics. Oil buys politicians."<br>
Some scientists are indicating we should make plans to adapt to a
four degree hotter world. One wonders what portion of the population
could adapt to such a world. Just a few thousand people seeking
refuge in the Arctic or Antarctica.<br>
Business as usual means about four degrees warmer, which is
approximately one ice age in the opposite direction. I need to
stress this. The Paris Agreement is not a walk in the park. It's
half an ice age in the other direction.<br>
One example that Martin raised in terms of sea level rise. Based on
today's temperatures we are going to hit two meters of sea level
rise, no matter what.<br>
Half a billion people are affected in India alone. <br>
Most of Europe will experience about four degrees of warming by the
end of the century which is pretty disastrous. <br>
2017 was a record high for fossil fuel CO2 emissions.<br>
We have to move to decarbonizing the world energy system.<br>
And that means a lot of the known fossil reserves need to stay in
the ground.<br>
We really need deep sustained cuts right now.<br>
Previous speakers have made clear that we are coming into a very
difficult time. <br>
We are in a race against time.<br>
It takes a double whammy to understand.<br>
It takes repeated shocks.<br>
Governments and the media simply cannot say that they did not know.<br>
What the hell are they thinking?!<br>
We Don't Have Time to speculate.<br>
We Don't Have Time is absolutely correct.<br>
As we know We Don't Have Time.<br>
There is no more time.<br>
We Don't Have Time to wait...<br>
We Don't Have Time but we do have a way.<br>
This is the heroes on the ground.<br>
It is very simple but it continues to change lives every day.<br>
He came back to Stockholm and he was devastated by all the trash he
saw. He started picking trash while running.<br>
We have created the widest range of green burgers in the industry.<br>
We will carbon compensate every email being sent.<br>
Pope Francis made an urgent call to protect the people on Earth
least responsible for climate change.<br>
We need a global movement that demands real change...<br>
It's our ethical responsibility.<br>
This is what we need to take care of...<br>
Lead by example to solve the climate crisis.<br>
There are not technological or economic barriers. We're gonna make
it, but we're in the final stages of the political economy battle,
where corrupted politicians twisted by the interests of Big Oil are
still resisting. It is movements like We Don't Have Time that will
break the hammerlock of the oil industry and enable humanity to save
itself.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WiDE17Imlo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WiDE17Imlo</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Geoengineering Watch]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.geoengineeringmonitor.org/">Geoengineering
Monitor</a></b><br>
We are proud to show you our new Geoengineering Monitor website,
stocked with new resources, analysis and, soon, opportunities to get
involved in the global fight against climate geoengineering. This
year, we will be sending you updates through this newsletter
quarterly, and keeping you updated more regularly on the website and
social media – follow us on Facebook and Twitter to stay in the
loop!<br>
<b>What does the year ahead look like?<br>
<br>
</b><b>We are looking at a few key fights in global governance:</b><br>
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is where
governments debate how to deal with climate change. With the urgent
need to limit global warming, some governments and scientists are
pushing for text or commitments that accept geoengineering as an
option. Geoengineering has been a hot topic in the hallways of this
forum, but it's not clear how or where it may enter the official
negotiation process. Our work in this forum is communicating the
evidence and arguments against geoengineering and heading off the
“normalization” of geoengineering.<br>
<br>
May 2018, Bonn, Germany: the “Talanoa Dialogue” of the UNFCCC
kicked off. Governments and non-state actors submitted documents
that outlined their vision for dealing with climate change. Linda
Schneider from Heinrich Boll Foundation shares an overview of where
geoengineering fit into these submissions.<br>
<br>
December 2018, Katowice, Poland: The UNFCCC Conference of the
Parties will meet – stay tuned for updates on how to be involved!<br>
<br>
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is
producing a report on limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C that
will be released in October. Worryingly, the IPCC is seriously
considering geoengineering as an option and giving it undue credence
in its upcoming reports. Our 2017 publication, the Big Bad Fix,
gives more detail on the fights in the IPCC.<br>
<br>
Outside of the stale UN air conditioning, we are building momentum
this year around planned outdoor experiments in North and South
America. These experiments represent a slippery slope of larger
experiments and eventual deployment of geoengineering. Our next
issue of Geoengineering Monitor will zoom in on those experiments,
why we oppose them and how to stop them...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.geoengineeringmonitor.org/">http://www.geoengineeringmonitor.org/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Can't we just watch it on TV?]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604172652.htm">Alien
apocalypse: Can any civilization make it through climate change?</a></b><br>
Date: June 4, 2018<br>
Source: University of Rochester<br>
Summary: Does the universe contain planets with truly sustainable
civilizations? Or does every civilization that may have arisen in
the cosmos last only a few centuries before it falls to the climate
change it triggers? Astrophysicists have developed a mathematical
model to illustrate how a technologically advanced population and
its planet might develop together, putting climate change in a
cosmic context...<br>
- - - -<br>
"Astrobiology is the study of life and its possibilities in a
planetary context," says Frank, who is also author of the new book
Light of the Stars: Alien Worlds and the Fate of the Earth, which
draws on this study. "That includes 'exo-civilizations' or what we
usually call aliens."<br>
<br>
Frank and his colleagues point out that discussions about climate
change rarely take place in this broader context -- one that
considers the probability that this is not the first time in cosmic
history that a planet and its biosphere have evolved into something
like what we've created on Earth. "If we're not the universe's first
civilization," Frank says, "that means there are likely to be rules
for how the fate of a young civilization like our own
progresses."...<br>
- - - -<br>
Using their mathematical model, the researchers found four potential
scenarios that might occur in a civilization-planet system:<br>
<blockquote>Die-off: The population and the planet's state
(indicated by something like its average temperature) rise very
quickly. Eventually, the population peaks and then declines
rapidly as the rising planetary temperature makes conditions
harder to survive. A steady population level is achieved, but it's
only a fraction of the peak population. "Imagine if 7 out of 10
people you knew died quickly," Frank says. "It's not clear a
complex technological civilization could survive that kind of
change."<br>
Sustainability: The population and the temperature rise but
eventually both come to steady values without any catastrophic
effects. This scenario occurs in the models when the population
recognizes it is having a negative effect on the planet and
switches from using high-impact resources, such as oil, to
low-impact resources, such as solar energy.<br>
Collapse without resource change: The population and temperature
both rise rapidly until the population reaches a peak and drops
precipitously. In these models civilization collapses, though it
is not clear if the species itself completely dies outs.<br>
Collapse with resource change: The population and the temperature
rise, but the population recognizes it is causing a problem and
switches from high-impact resources to low-impact resources.
Things appear to level off for a while, but the response turns out
to have come too late, and the population collapses anyway.<br>
</blockquote>
"The last scenario is the most frightening," Frank says. "Even if
you did the right thing, if you waited too long, you could still
have your population collapse."...<br>
- - - -<br>
"If you change the earth's climate enough, you might not be able to
change it back," he says. "Even if you backed off and started to use
solar or other less impactful resources, it could be too late,
because the planet has already been changing. These models show we
can't just think about a population evolving on its own. We have to
think about our planets and civilizations co-evolving."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604172652.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604172652.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[computer simulations]<br>
<b><a
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604112451.htm">Storm's
coming: New technique for simulation of extreme weather events</a></b><br>
Date: June 4, 2018<br>
Source: Kanazawa University<br>
Summary: Scientists have developed a new method for generating data
for ensemble simulation of extreme weather phenomena. He tested the
method in simulation of a typhoon and a global warming simulation,
and successfully created the necessary range of data in each case.<br>
"The new method has several advantages over previously used
approaches," Taniguchi says. "It has high computational stability,
it can begin at any time and date, and it doesn't require any
particular atmospheric structure; so, it can be used for simulating
any type of weather event."<br>
- - - -<br>
The method was demonstrated to provide suitable initial conditions
for the typhoon and global warming simulations.<br>
He notes the new method can provide the variety of conditions needed
to explore the broad possibilities of meteorological phenomena. It
could also allow assessment of changes in the probability of extreme
events based on a wide spread of wind speed, pressure, and rainfall
data.<br>
The new method, after some further refinement and development, could
contribute to improving the practical use of future global warming
experiments in estimation of the probability of risk factors for
extreme events and related impact assessments...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604112451.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604112451.htm</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Canada - News]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://weather.com/en-CA/canada/news/news/2018-06-04-bc-reforestation">BC
Reforestation Will Take Years After 2017 Wildfires</a></b><br>
By Renee Bernard <br>
VANCOUVER (NEWS 1130) - A year after the province's most devastating
wildfire season, the work begins on reforestation.<br>
But replacing the trees will be just one of the goals in the coming
years.<br>
"We don't want to be setting up the future for another series of
wildfires like what we saw last year," says John Betts with the
Western Forestry Contractors Association, who believes it will take
up to four years to reforest what was lost.<br>
He notes that 1.2 million hectares were scorched, and about 220,000
hectares will need to be replanted. That's almost as much land as
covered by Metro Vancouver.<br>
Not all of the new trees will be harvested. He says forests will
also be replanted for environmental reasons, like preserving
habitat. The planting of trees is also an essential part of the
province's Forest Carbon Initiative, to mitigate climate change.<br>
Which is why it will be important that the seedlings of today don't
go up in smoke prematurely.<br>
"We are going to try to fashion the landscape so we don't suffer
catastrophic losses," says Betts.<br>
One way is to design forests that are less at risk of catching fire.<br>
Betts points to a tree plantation in northern BC near Mackenzie that
is 20 years old. It has withstood forest fires that have swept
through the area and he says that's because it has less underbrush,
which translates into fuel for fires, than the surrounding forest.<br>
"Prescribed burning can create a stand of trees that are remarkably
resistant to really intense fires," he says, admitting, though, that
controlled burning has fallen out of favour because people complain
about the smoke.<br>
"We can also plant other species. There may be cases where we want
to make sure that we have strong plantations of deciduous trees
because they are less flammable. They might actually work as a fuel
break. They might actually stop a fire from running from one end to
the other."<br>
He says both the province and Ottawa could invest more money in
studying ways to create more resilient forests, rather than spend
money on firefighting.<br>
This year, his industry will see 270 million seedlings in the ground
and that should increase to 300 million seedlings in 2020.<br>
Mother Nature has already prevented a quick start to this planting
season. A big snowpack and washed out roads meant tree planters had
to wait before starting their work.<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://weather.com/en-CA/canada/news/news/2018-06-04-bc-reforestation">https://weather.com/en-CA/canada/news/news/2018-06-04-bc-reforestation</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[going, going...]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604121041.htm">'Carbon
bubble' coming that could wipe trillions from the global economy</a></b><br>
Demand for fossil fuels will decline in the near future with major
macroeconomic and geopolitical consequences<br>
Date: June 4, 2018<br>
Source: Radboud University Nijmegen<br>
Summary:<br>
Unlike current expectations, new research suggests that the
prospects of the fossil-fuel industry are not bright, and that its
demise may have profound economic and geopolitical consequences.
Relying on ground breaking modelling techniques, researchers show
that the consumption of fossil fuels will slow down or decline in
the near future, as a result of ongoing technological change,
potentially exacerbated by new climate policies...<br>
- - - -<br>
<b>A new financial crisis?</b><br>
The study findings support the existence of a carbon bubble which,
if not deflated early, could lead to a discounted global wealth loss
of between 1 to 4 trillion dollars, a loss comparable to what
triggered the 2007 financial crisis. "If countries keep investing in
equipment to search for, extract, process and transport fossil
fuels, even though their demand declines, they will end up losing
money on these investments on top of their losses due to limited
exports," Mercure explains. "Countries should instead carefully
deflate the carbon bubble through investment in a variety of
industries and steady divestment. The way in which this is done will
determine the impact of the ongoing low-carbon transition on the
financial sector."<br>
<br>
Hector Pollitt, study co-author from Cambridge Econometrics and
C-EENRG, adds: "This new research clearly shows the mismatch between
the reductions in fossil fuel consumption required to meet carbon
targets and the behaviour of investors. Governments have an
important role to play in emphasising commitments to meet the Paris
Agreement to ensure that the significant detrimental economic and
geopolitical consequences we have identified are avoided."<br>
<br>
<b>Divestment and creative destruction</b><br>
The process of transition towards a low-carbon economy is now
becoming inevitable, as policies supporting this change have been
developed and gradually implemented for some time. "New efficiency
standards imply that we do more with the same amounts of energy, as
older, less efficient technologies are gradually phased out. The
transition is therefore irreversible; however its pace can vary
according to whether and how new climate policies are implemented."<br>
<br>
The scientists conclude that further economic damage from a
potential bubble burst could be avoided by decarbonising early.
"Divestment is a prudential thing to do. We should be carefully
looking at where we are investing our money. For instance, much like
companies, pension funds and other institutions currently invest in
fossil-fuel assets. Following recommendations from central banks,
commercial banks are increasingly looking at the financial risks of
stranded fossil-fuel assets, even though their possible impacts have
not yet been fully determined. Until now, observers mostly paid
attention to the likely effectiveness of climate policies, but not
to the ongoing and effectively irreversible technological
transition. This level of 'creative destruction' appears inevitable
now and must be carefully managed," Mercure concludes.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604121041.htm">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180604121041.htm</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[No more Hawaii conferences]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://noflyclimatesci.org/">No
Fly Climate Sci - Welcome</a></b><br>
We are Earth scientists, academics, and members of the public who
either don't fly or who fly less.<br>
We feel that global warming poses a clear, present, and dire danger
for humanity. In an era of obvious climate change, we believe that
it's important to align our daily life choices with that reality.
Actions speak louder than words.<br>
We try to fly as little as possible while pushing for systemic
change, especially through our home institutions. These are our
stories - why we fly less, and what that means in a society that
still rewards frequent flying.<br>
Why the focus on academics? Academics are expected to attend
conferences, workshops, and meetings. Many academics, including
Earth scientists, have large climate footprints dominated by flying.
Meanwhile, colleges and universities ostensibly exist to make a
better future, especially for young people. We want our institutions
to live up to that promise...<br>
- - - -<br>
We also hope to increase awareness of the climate impact of frequent
flying outside of the scientific community. Flying currently
accounts for less than 10% of the global climate impact, but it
often dominates the emission profiles of the globally privileged few
who can afford it.<br>
<font size="-1">The site is maintained by an Earth scientist, with
no outside funding or partisan agenda. Each member speaks strictly
on his or her own behalf. Joining this site isn't necessarily a
promise not to fly.</font><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://noflyclimatesci.org/">http://noflyclimatesci.org/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010606/aponline204019_000.htm">This
Day in Climate History - June 6, 2001</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
<blockquote> "In Europe Bush has meetings on global warming
scheduled with various officials. Many Europeans protested
vigorously after Bush, citing looming energy shortages, in March
reversed a campaign promise to limit CO2 emissions from power
plants. <br>
"The 24-page National Academy of Sciences report, an assessment
based on previous studies about the phenomenon, says, 'The primary
source, fossil fuel burning, has released roughly twice as much
carbon dioxide as would be required to account for the observed
increase' in temperature. <br>
"The report also blames global warming on other greenhouse gases
directly affected by human activity: methane, ozone, nitrous oxide
and chlorofluorocarbons." <br>
</blockquote>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010606/aponline204019_000.htm">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20010606/aponline204019_000.htm</a>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
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