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    <font size="+1"><i>August 21, 2018</i></font><br>
    <br>
    [Dramatic video 1:47 fire drive - father/son got out OK - see this
    video]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3tEsnJcCTU">Raw video:
        Hikers escape wildfire by driving through it</a></b><br>
    <blockquote>"The wildifre (sp) was between us and the only way out,"
      he wrote. "After we reached the downed, burning tree seen at the
      end of the video, I had to reverse all the way back to the
      trailhead, where we were lucky to flag down a boat. We were
      rescued by two park employees and taken to safety. The car burned
      in the fire."<br>
    </blockquote>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/08/19/father-son-speed-through-hell-to-escape-montana-wildfire.html">http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/08/19/father-son-speed-through-hell-to-escape-montana-wildfire.html</a><br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3tEsnJcCTU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3tEsnJcCTU</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Minnesota]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/08/20/air-quality-alerts-minnesota-climate-change">Meteorologists:
        Increase in air quality alerts linked to climate change</a></b><br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/08/20/air-quality-alerts-minnesota-climate-change">https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/08/20/air-quality-alerts-minnesota-climate-change</a></font><br>
    <br>
    [time to talk about everything]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/20/capitalism-alone-cannot-reverse-climate-change">Capitalism
        alone cannot reverse climate change</a></b><br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/20/capitalism-alone-cannot-reverse-climate-change">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/aug/20/capitalism-alone-cannot-reverse-climate-change</a></font><br>
    <br>
    [as good as the filter material]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH5APw_SLUU">Build a
        do-it-yourself air purifier for about $25</a></b> (less if you
    already have a fan)<br>
    Michigan Medicine<br>
    Dr. Jeffrey E. Terrell, director of the Michigan Sinus Center,
    demonstrates how to build an air purifier with a HEPA filter for
    about $25 with parts from your local hardware store.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH5APw_SLUU">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH5APw_SLUU</a></font><br>
    - - - -<br>
    [local state info]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://wasmoke.blogspot.com/">Washington
        Smoke Information</a></b><br>
    This site is an effort by county, state, and Federal agencies and
    Indian Tribes to coordinate and aggregate information for Washington
    communities affected by smoke from wildland fires. The information
    is posted here by the agencies themselves while volunteers built and
    maintain the page.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="http://wasmoke.blogspot.com/">http://wasmoke.blogspot.com/</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Defense - unofficial discussion]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://climateone.org/audio/national-security-and-climate-change">NATIONAL
        SECURITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE</a></b><br>
    Audio and Transcript <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
      href="https://climateone.org/audio/national-security-and-climate-change">https://climateone.org/audio/national-security-and-climate-change</a><br>
    What's the connection between climate change and national security?
    "Military commanders don't operate on the basis of fiction," says
    Leon Panetta, who served as Secretary of Defense and Director of the
    CIA under President Obama. "Understanding climate change and what
    was happening had to be part and parcel of our effort to protect our
    security." The military has long seen climate as critical to
    readiness, as Rear Admiral David Titley (Ret) explains. "If you're
    directly connecting renewable energy to increasing our combat
    effectiveness," explains Titley, "the military is all in."<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://climateone.org/audio/national-security-and-climate-change">https://climateone.org/audio/national-security-and-climate-change</a><br>
    </font>- - - -<br>
    [very large number of citations]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/08/20/climate-and-security-weeks-in-review-june-26-august-20/">Climate
        and Security Week(s) In Review: June 26 - August 20</a></b><br>
    <font size="+1"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:
        Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;
        font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal;
        font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing:
        normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;
        text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2;
        word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;
        background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style:
        initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
        !important; float: none;">a list of notable headlines and
        comments on climate and security matters from the past several
        weeks.</span></font><br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/08/20/climate-and-security-weeks-in-review-june-26-august-20/">https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/08/20/climate-and-security-weeks-in-review-june-26-august-20/</a></font><br>
    - - - -<br>
    "No country is fully insulated from climate risk outside its
    border."<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2018-08-14-climate-risks-without-borders.html">Climate
        risks without borders</a></b><br>
    New index reveals how climate risks are reinforced by global
    connectivity, leaving no country shielded from impact<br>
    Despite the Paris Agreement being a remarkable multilateral
    achievement, it comes with a certain irony. While being able to
    mobilise almost all countries on the planet to curb emissions and
    mitigate climate change, there is little focus on how
    climate-induced events in one country affects another. Instead, most
    measures are largely confined to national or local legislations.<br>
    In a study recently published in <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="Despite%20the%20Paris%20Agreement%20being%20a%20remarkable%20multilateral%20achievement,%20it%20comes%20with%20a%20certain%20irony.%20While%20being%20able%20to%20mobilise%20almost%20all%20countries%20on%20the%20planet%20to%20curb%20emissions%20and%20mitigate%20climate%20change,%20there%20is%20little%20focus%20on%20how%20climate-induced%20events%20in%20one%20country%20affects%20another.%20Instead,%20most%20measures%20are%20largely%20confined%20to%20national%20or%20local%20legislations.,,In%20a%20study%20recently%20published%20in%20Global%20Environmental%20Change,%20centre%20PhD%20student%20Johanna%20Hedlund%20together%20with%20colleagues%20from%20the%20Stockholm%20Environment%20Institute,+has+made+a+first+attempt+at+developing+a+global+index+of+how+climate+change+affects+one+country+%E2%80%93+and+requires+adaptation+there+as+a+result+of+climate+change+impacts+in+another+country.+Despite+previous+attempts+there+is+no+widely+accepted+terminology+to+describe+this+phenomenon.,,As%20a%20consequence,%20it%20remains%20to%20a%20large%20degree%20ignored%20both%20in%20research%20and%20adaptation%20planning.%20In%20their%20study,%20Hedlund%20and%20her%20co-authors%20introduce%20the%20Transnational%20Climate%20Impacts%20%28TCI%29%20Index,%20a%20new%20perspective%20on%20the%20complexity%20of%20exposure%20to%20climate%20change%20impacts%20in%20a%20globalised%20world.%20The%20study%20provides%20further%20support%20for%20demands%20that%20trade,+migration+and+investments+policies+make+more+extensive+climate+considerations.">Global
      Environmental Change</a>, centre PhD student Johanna Hedlund
    together with colleagues from the Stockholm Environment Institute,
    has made a first attempt at developing a global index of how climate
    change affects one country - and requires adaptation there as a
    result of climate change impacts in another country. Despite
    previous attempts there is no widely accepted terminology to
    describe this phenomenon.<br>
    As a consequence, it remains to a large degree ignored both in
    research and adaptation planning. In their study, Hedlund and her
    co-authors introduce the<a moz-do-not-send="true"
      href="https://www.sei.org/featured/inescapably-intertwined/">
      Transnational Climate Impacts (TCI) Index</a>, a new perspective
    on the complexity of exposure to climate change impacts in a
    globalised world. The study provides further support for demands
    that trade, migration and investments policies make more extensive
    climate considerations.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2018-08-14-climate-risks-without-borders.html">http://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2018-08-14-climate-risks-without-borders.html</a></font><br>
    - - - -<br>
    [visual indexing]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.sei.org/featured/inescapably-intertwined/">Inescapably
        intertwined: the reality of globalisation and borderless climate
        risks</a></b><br>
    Living in an era of growing interconnectedness, it is time to admit:
    climate adaptation isn't only a matter of national policy. Climate
    change does not respect national borders and adaptation efforts are
    unlikely to succeed if done in geographic isolation. The
    Transnational Climate Impacts Index (TCI Index) examines country
    exposure to climate change from an international perspective.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.sei.org/featured/inescapably-intertwined/">https://www.sei.org/featured/inescapably-intertwined/</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Book review - fundamentally defines danger]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.climatecodered.org/2018/08/take-unprecedented-action-or-bear.html">Take
        unprecedented action or bear the consequences, says eminent
        scientist and advisor</a></b><br>
    By David Spratt and Ian Dunlop<br>
    "Climate change is now reaching the end-game, where very soon
    humanity must choose between taking unprecedented action, or
    accepting that it has been left too late and bear the consequences."<br>
    Those are the challenging words from <a moz-do-not-send="true"
      href="https://www.pik-potsdam.de/members/john/shortbio">Prof. Hans
      Joachim Schellnhuber</a>, for twenty years the head of the Potsdam
    Institute for Climate Impact Research, and a senior advisor to Pope
    Francis, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the European Union.  In
    the foreword to a new report, Schellnhuber says the issue now "is
    the very survival of our civilisation, where conventional means of
    analysis may become useless".<br>
    The report,<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.breakthroughonline.org.au/"> What Lies
        Beneath: The understatement of existential climate risk</a></b>,
    is released today by the Breakthrough National Centre for Climate
    Restoration. <br>
    Schellnhuber describes climate warming as an "existential risk", and
    says the report highlights crucial insights which may lurk at the
    fringes of conventional policy analysis but which have a new
    resonance in today's circumstances, "a unique situation with no
    precise historic analogue" in which "the level of greenhouse gases
    in the atmosphere is now greater, and the Earth warmer, than human
    beings have ever experienced"...<br>
    - - - -<br>
    Strictly speaking, we would have to redo the Industrial Revolution
    and the greenhouse-gas emissions it triggered a thousand times or
    so, always starting with the Earth system in its 1750 pre-industrial
    state.  Then calculate the averaged observed outcome of that
    planetary experiment in terms of mean surface-temperature rise,
    global biological productivity, total number of climate refugees,
    and many other variables. This is a nonsensical notion...<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.climatecodered.org/2018/08/take-unprecedented-action-or-bear.html">http://www.climatecodered.org/2018/08/take-unprecedented-action-or-bear.html</a></font> 
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [book review]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/17/books/review/rising-elizabeth-rush.html">Searching
        for Language to Capture How Climate Change Has Altered Our World</a></b><br>
    <blockquote>RISING<br>
      Dispatches from the New American Shore<br>
      By Elizabeth Rush<br>
      Illustrated. 299 pp. Milkweed Editions. $26.<br>
    </blockquote>
    This is a book for those who mourn the changing climate and coast as
    well as, perhaps, America's diminishing literary culture; sadness
    benefits from lyrical prose. Rush's faith in the power of words is
    real and touching and I obviously share it, or I wouldn't be a
    writer myself. Elegies like this one will play an important role as
    people continue to confront a transformed, perhaps unnatural world,
    and grieve for the doomed or already lost. And then there will be a
    need for new tales, new songs, new speeches in perhaps the most
    important language in this crisis: the language of politics. To cope
    with the rising waters, we will need as many options - as many
    stories, especially ones of hope - as we can muster.<br>
    - - - - -<br>
    David Biello is the science curator for TED Talks and the author of
    "The Unnatural World: The Race to Remake Civilization in Earth's
    Newest Age."<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/17/books/review/rising-elizabeth-rush.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/17/books/review/rising-elizabeth-rush.html</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Complexity]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://grist.org/article/the-department-of-defense-wants-to-protect-itself-from-climate-change-threats-its-helping-to-spur/">The
        Department of Defense wants to protect itself from climate
        change threats it's helping to spur</a></b><br>
    <blockquote>"When you're pumping money into the military, you're not
      just pumping money into an institution that burns a lot of fossil
      fuels and emits a lot of greenhouse gases," Sen says, adding that
      funds also go to providing armed protection to the fossil fuel
      industry under the guise of national security. "That is really,
      really disturbing."<br>
    </blockquote>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://grist.org/article/the-department-of-defense-wants-to-protect-itself-from-climate-change-threats-its-helping-to-spur/">https://grist.org/article/the-department-of-defense-wants-to-protect-itself-from-climate-change-threats-its-helping-to-spur/</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Ethics and Climate]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://ethicsandclimate.org/2018/08/20/what-americans-urgently-need-to-understand-about-climate-change-in-light-of-an-alarming-new-report-published-by-us-academy-of-sciences/">What
        Americans Urgently Need to Understand About Climate Change In
        Light of an Alarming New Report Published By US Academy of
        Sciences</a></b><br>
    Given that human-induced climate change is now widely understood to
    be an existential threat to life on Earth unless all nations rapidly
    reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) to net zero as fast as possible,
    Americans urgently need to understand certain features of the
    problem which have been infrequently mentioned in the US national
    climate change conversation including the following: <br>
    <blockquote>There is growing evidence that even if global ghg
      emissions could be reduced to near zero rapidly, there is enough
      carbon already in the atmosphere that limiting warming to the then
      2 degrees C warming limit goal by the end of this Century has only
      a 5% chance (Mooney, 2017).<br>
      <br>
      Every day that nations fail to reduce their GHG emissions to
      levels required of them to achieve a warming limit goal such as 2
      degrees C makes the problem worse because budgets available for
      the whole world that must constrain global emissions to achieve
      any warming limit goal shrink as emissions continue. <br>
      Therefore, the speed that nations reduce their GHG emissions
      reductions is as important as the magnitude of reductions
      identified by any national GHG reduction commitment. For this
      reason, any national commitment on climate change should not only
      identify the amount of ghg emissions that will be reduced by a
      certain date, but the reduction pathway by which these reductions
      will be achieved,<br>
      <br>
      For reasons stated in the Seffen et.al. paper, climate change is
      an existential threat to life on Earth that requires the
      international community to rapidly take extraordinarily aggressive
      coordinated steps not only sufficient to prevent global
      temperatures from rising no than more than 2 degrees C, the upper
      warming limit agreed to by the international community in the 2015
      Paris Agreement, but to minimize any additional warming as quickly
      as possible,<br>
      <br>
      Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
      (UNFCCC) which the US ratified in 1992, the US has a legal duty
      under the concept of "equity" to reduce its GHG emissions more
      rapidly than most other nations, and although there is reasonable
      disagreement among nations about what "equity" requires of them,
      any reasonable interpretation of equity would require the US to
      make much larger and more rapid GHG reductions than almost all
      other nations given that the United States emitted 5,011,687
      metric kilo tons (kt) of CO2 equivalent emissions in 2016, second
      only to China's 10,432,741 kt CO2. (Netherlands Environmental
      Agency). The US also has an equitable duty to more aggressively
      reduce its emissions than most other countries because it has
      emitted a greater amount of cumulative CO2 emissions, that is
      29.3% of global CO2 emissions between 1850 and 2002, while China
      emitted 7.6% during the same period, (WRI, Cumulative Emissions)
      making the US much more responsible for raising atmospheric
      concentrations of CO2 to the current level of 406 ppm than any
      country.  Also given the US is responsible for 15.56 metric tons
      per capita CO2 emissions which is more than twice as much as
      China's 7.45 metric tons per capita in 2016 (World Bank), as a
      matter of equity the US must reduce its GHG emissions much more
      rapidly and steeply than almost all countries,<br>
      <br>
      The US duty to formulate its ghg emissions reduction target on the
      basis of equity is not only required by its legal obligations
      under the UNFCCC, practically the US and other high emitting
      nations must reduce their GHG emissions by much greater amounts
      and faster than poor developing nations because if they don't the
      poorer nations will have to reduce their GHG emissions almost
      immediately to near zero CO2 so that global emissions don't exceed
      the carbon budget available to prevent a warming limit such as 2
      degrees C from being exceeded,<br>
      <br>
      Any US policy response to climate change such as a carbon tax must
      be structured to reduce US ghg emissions to levels and speeds
      required of the US to achieve its responsibilities to the rest of
      the world to prevent dangerous climate change. Thus, if the US
      were to pass a carbon tax, the imposition of a tax must either
      reduce US GHG emissions to the level and the speed required of it
      by its obligations or be supplemented by other policy responses
      such as, for instance, mandatory conversions of electric power
      generation from fossil fuel combustion to renewable energy by a
      date certain or mandatory requirements for electric vehicles,<br>
      <br>
      Because GHG emissions from every country mix rapidly in the
      atmosphere, all nations emissions are contributing to rising
      atmospheric GHG concentrations thus harming people and ecological
      systems on which life depends all over the world. Thus, the US may
      not formulate its climate change policies only on the basis of
      costs and benefits to itself alone, it must acknowledge and
      respond to the devastating climate change harms the United States
      is already contributing to that are being experienced around the
      world and particularly by poor people and nations that are most
      vulnerable to climate change impacts. For this reason, the Trump
      administration's justification for withdrawing from the Paris
      Agreement on the basis of "putting US interests first" is deeply
      morally indefensible and tragic because of the damage it will
      likely cause to the world,<br>
      <br>
      Because of the rapid speed required of the US to reduce its ghg
      emissions to net zero carbon emissions, the US urgently needs to
      put ghg emissions reductions on the equivalent of a wartime
      footing by not only adopting policy responses that can achieve ghg
      emission reduction goals required of it, but also by investing in
      research and development in new technologies that can facilitate
      and achieve the its ghg emission reduction obligations and
      increase carbon sinks that could reduce the rise in atmospheric
      ghg concentrations,<br>
      <br>
      The United States needs to develop a strategy to achieve these
      objectives in the next two years and begin implementing the
      strategy immediately as quickly as possible.<br>
      By: Donald A. Brown, Scholar in Residence and Professor<br>
      Widener University Commonwealth Law School<br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
        href="mailto:dabrown57@gmail.com">dabrown57@gmail.com</a><br>
    </blockquote>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://ethicsandclimate.org/2018/08/20/what-americans-urgently-need-to-understand-about-climate-change-in-light-of-an-alarming-new-report-published-by-us-academy-of-sciences/">https://ethicsandclimate.org/2018/08/20/what-americans-urgently-need-to-understand-about-climate-change-in-light-of-an-alarming-new-report-published-by-us-academy-of-sciences/</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Trump Trope Talk]<br>
    <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/">The
      Energy 202: When's a good time to talk climate change? Trump
      officials say: Not during a natural disaster</a><br>
    One of President Trump's Cabinet members is taking heat this week
    over his comments about California's wildfires and climate change.<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    [Musical Satire from the Parody Project]<br>
    <b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bgTi1IXDYA">Part 2 of
        CONFOUNDS THE SCIENCE (SEQUEL) | Don Caron</a></b><br>
    Parody Project<br>
    Published on Aug 16, 2018<br>
    [Music video with subtitles]<br>
    <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
        href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bgTi1IXDYA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bgTi1IXDYA</a></font><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080705212954/http://www.usda.gov/oce/global_change/sap_2007_FinalReport.htm">This
          Day in Climate History - August 21, 2008</a> - from D.R.
        Tucker</b></font><br>
    August 21, 2007: U.S. District Judge Sandra Brown Armstrong rules
    that the George W. Bush administration violated the 1990 Global
    Change Research Act (signed into law, ironically enough, by Bush's
    father) by not producing a legally required climate assessment
    report. The report would finally be released in May 2008.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/2007/08/22/court-rules-that-bush-admin-unlawfully-failed-to-produce-scientific-assessment-of-global-change/">http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/2007/08/22/court-rules-that-bush-admin-unlawfully-failed-to-produce-scientific-assessment-of-global-change/</a>
    <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/PRESS/global-warming-08-21-2007.html">http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/PRESS/global-warming-08-21-2007.html</a>
    <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/PROGRAMS/policy/energy/complaint-national-assessment.pdf">http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/swcbd/PROGRAMS/policy/energy/complaint-national-assessment.pdf</a>
    <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080705212954/http://www.usda.gov/oce/global_change/sap_2007_FinalReport.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20080705212954/http://www.usda.gov/oce/global_change/sap_2007_FinalReport.htm</a>
    <br>
    <br>
    <font size="+1"><i>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
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