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<font size="+1"><i>August 24, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[2040 but vote this November]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://tamino.wordpress.com/2018/08/24/global-warming-how-long-do-we-have-left/">Global
Warming: How Long Do We Have Left?</a></b><br>
Posted on August 24, 2018 <br>
It's already bad. But when will things get so bad that it is
obviously - obviously - the worst problem in the world? How long
until we go over the cliff? That depends on how much we've heated up
already, and how fast we're getting hotter.<br>
We have already reached dangerous levels. The heat waves throughout
the northern hemisphere this summer have cost plenty, to the
economy, in human suffering, ill health, even lives lost. The
wildfires in California this year were much worse than they would
have been without global warming. Just last year we set a new record
for the total cost (adjusted for inflation) of <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://tamino.wordpress.com/2018/08/02/climate-disasters-billions-and-billions-of-dollars/">billion-dollar
climate-related disasters</a>. They cost the U.S. over $300
billion.<br>
<br>
As bad as it is already, extremely bad is yet to come. Some say
it'll be when total warming since pre-industrial times reaches 2C,
others say - and I agree with them, given the costs we've already
seen - that we'll cross that threshhold at 1.5C. That's the level at
which the costs, both economically and in terms of human life and
suffering, will threaten our ability to cope.<br>
<br>
We've already warmed by 1.1C since the year 1900. That year was
probably a few tenths of a degree hotter than pre-industrial, so
we've already gone at least that far. Just to be conservative, let's
say the total warming we've experienced already is 1.1C. Another
0.4C will bring us to extremely bad.<br>
<br>
Since 1975, the globe has been warming at a steady rate, but how
fast is that rate? We can take the five best-known estimates of
global temperature and estimate their rates of increase: data from
NASA, from NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration), HadCRU (the Hadley Centre/Climate Research Unit in
the U.K.), Cowtan & Way (independent researchers from the
University of York), and the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature
project (an independent estimate organized by one-time climate
skeptic Richard Muller).<br>
- - - -<br>
The lowest estimate, from the NOAA data, gives a rate of 1.73 +/-
0.26 C per century, i.e. the rate is between 1.47 and 1.99 C per
century. According to which we'll hit extremely bad between 2038 and
2045.<br>
However, those rates aren't entirely due to man-made global warming.
Other factors affect global temperature which are only temporary,
things like volcanic explosions, variations in the output of the
sun, and the el Niño southern oscillation.<br>
- - - - - <br>
The fastest rate is still from the the lowest estimate, from the
NOAA data, gives a rate of 1.73 +/- 0.26 C per century, i.e. the
rate is between 1.47 and 1.99 C per century. According to which
we'll hit extremely bad between 2038 and 2045.hat's somewhere
between 1.70 and 1.98 C per century, so we hit extremely bad between
2038 and 2041. The lowest rate is again from NOAA data at 1.67 +/-
0.1 C per century, somewhere in the range 1.57 and 1.77 C per
century. We hit extremely bad between 2040 and 2044.<br>
<b>Bottom line: at the rate we're going, we'll hit extremely bad,
possibly intolerable, probably between 2040 and 2045.</b> Maybe a
couple years later, maybe a couple years earlier, but it's not far
away. Most of you reading this will still be around when it happens.
Your kids will be. We're headed for a cliff and it's not far away.<br>
<b>That's at the rate we're going. So what do we do? Hit the brakes.</b><br>
That means reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mainly carbon dioxide
(CO2). We can't stop immediately, that would bring such economic
chaos it would also be extremely bad. If we stop immediately it's
like hitting a tree; we avoid going over the cliff only to die in
the crash.<br>
<br>
But if we make a giant effort to increase renewable energy while
decreasing fossil-fuel energy (oil, coal, and gas), we can do it. We
have to hit the brakes hard because there's barely enough time to
stop. That's because we were warned that we're headed toward a cliff
over 30 years ago, but instead of stepping on the brakes we put the
pedal to the metal. Now it's time to slam on the brakes.<br>
<br>
We can't wait. If we wait until we reach the cliff to step on the
brakes, we won't be able to stop fast enough and we go over the
edge.<br>
<br>
But we can do it. What's the best way? Is it a carbon tax? A
cap-and-trade program? Massive investment in energy efficiency? All
of the above? I don't know.<br>
But I do know that if governments - not just individuals but
governments - don't get started now, it'll be too late. The problem
is that even governments truly working on it aren't doing enough,
and the U.S. government insists on gunning the engine when we should
be slowing down as fast as we can.<br>
<br>
That's where individuals come in. There's only one way we can get
the government to stop our headlong rush toward hell in a handbasket
called Earth. VOTE. Vote climate. Make climate change your #1 issue
in the voting booth.<br>
For Americans, it starts this November with the mid-term elections.
Vote climate.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://tamino.wordpress.com/2018/08/24/global-warming-how-long-do-we-have-left/">https://tamino.wordpress.com/2018/08/24/global-warming-how-long-do-we-have-left/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[NPR audio report - 1:59]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.npr.org/2018/08/23/641285739/some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart">Some
Of The Oldest Ice In The Arctic Is Now Breaking Apart</a></b><br>
"We've never seen anything this large in terms of an opening north
of Greenland," says polar scientist Ted Scambos of the National Snow
and Ice Data Center, which collaborates with the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration.<br>
This sea ice is some of the oldest and thickest in the Arctic. Wind
and currents normally shove lots of ice up against the northern
coast of Greenland, where it stacks up and clings for years.<br>
- - - see the video <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://twitter.com/twitter/statuses/1026567965636870145">https://twitter.com/twitter/statuses/1026567965636870145</a><br>
"It's like a crowd entering a stadium," Scambos says. "It's sort of
pushed by the ice behind it until it's packed really tight, and
that's made it thick and durable." Think of those long-lasting
mounds of ice left on city streets by snowplows - but up to 30 feet
thick.<br>
Global warming, however, has finally begun to break up this ice,
Scambos says. The Arctic is warming faster than any other part of
the planet; last February saw remarkably warm winter temperatures
there.<br>
The normally year-round frozen ice "kind of rattles around in the
Arctic now," he says. "And [in] this area north of Greenland, what
we're seeing is that the ice is so thin and sort of loosely packed
that a few days of strong winds in an unusual direction can push the
ice away from the coast that it always collided with in its drift
pattern."...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.npr.org/2018/08/23/641285739/some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart">https://www.npr.org/2018/08/23/641285739/some-of-the-oldest-ice-in-the-arctic-is-now-breaking-apart</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[heat from the fire, but sun-shade from the smoke]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23082018/extreme-wildfires-climate-change-global-warming-air-pollution-fire-management-black-carbon-co2">How
Wildfires Can Affect Climate Change (and Vice Versa)</a></b><br>
It's complicated: While CO2 causes long-term warming, aerosols can
have both a warming and a temporary cooling effect.<br>
BY BOB BERWYN, INSIDECLIMATE NEWS<br>
To be sure, the leading cause of global warming remains
overwhelmingly the burning of fossil fuels. That warming lengthens
the fire season, drying and heating the forests. In turn, blazes
like those scorching areas across the Northern Hemisphere this
summer have a feedback effect-a vicious cycle when the results of
warming produce yet more warming.<br>
- - - -<br>
Although the exact quantities are difficult to calculate, scientists
estimate that wildfires emitted about 8 billion tons of CO2 per year
for the past 20 years. In 2017, total global CO2 emissions reached
32.5 billion tons, according to the International Energy Agency.<br>
When they calculate total global CO2 output, scientists don't
include all wildfire emissions as net emissions, though, because
some of the CO2 is offset by renewed forest growth in the burned
areas. As a result, they estimate that wildfires make up 5 to 10
percent of annual global CO2 emissions each year.<br>
- - - - -<br>
Fires don't just burn up trees and shrubs and emit smoke. They leave
behind long-lasting changes on the ground, and those changes also
have effects on the climate.<br>
Over the course of several decades after a big fire, emissions from
decomposing dead wood often surpass by far the direct emissions from
the fire itself. But at the same time, new growth in burned areas
starts to once again take CO2 from the atmosphere and store it.<br>
<br>
Fires also change the reflectivity of the land, called albedo. As
burned forest areas start to regrow, lighter-colored patches of
grasses and shrubs come in first, which, because they reflect more
solar radiation, can have a cooling effect until the vegetation
thickens and darkens again.<br>
- - - - -<br>
The current increase in extreme fires in some regions is part of a
global ecosystem shift driven by human-caused global warming,
Denning said. He warned that societies need to adopt strong policies
to prevent huge regions of carbon-storing forests from being
replaced by lower-carbon grasslands and shrubs.<br>
Based on the best estimates of CO2 emissions from wildfires, Denning
said they are dwarfed by emissions from the burning of coal, oil,
and gas, and that's where the focus should be on reducing emissions.<br>
"Without very strong climate policy, industrial emissions are likely
to triple in this century. Against that backdrop, the climate
effects of increased wildfires are smaller than the error bars in
the climate effects of all that coal, oil, and gas," he said.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23082018/extreme-wildfires-climate-change-global-warming-air-pollution-fire-management-black-carbon-co2">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23082018/extreme-wildfires-climate-change-global-warming-air-pollution-fire-management-black-carbon-co2</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[climate pundits predict] <br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://climatestate.com/2018/08/22/the-coming-disruption-of-the-carbon-bubble/">The
Coming Disruption of the Carbon Bubble</a></b><br>
by Editor<br>
In order to avert the most serious climate scenarios, governments
and people around the world need to phase out fossil fuel emissions,
coal, gas, and switch to clean energy and electric transportation.
This video presents some recent discussions and fundamental
obstacles. Speakers include Lester Brown (Earth Policy Institute),
Hans Joachim Schellnhuber (Potsdam Climate Impact Research), Roy
Scranton (Author), David Spratt (Climate researchers), and Shawn
James (YouTuber).<br>
Source<br>
Roy Scranton discusses his new book (WGBHForum)<span> </span><a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L32FS_B2dLI" style="padding:
0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(255, 9,
6);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L32FS_B2dLI</a><br>
CLIMATE SCIENTIST: We Need Disruptive Change<span> </span><a
href="https://youtu.be/SIp-4QT18GQ" style="padding: 0px; margin:
0px; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(255, 9, 6);">https://youtu.be/SIp-4QT18GQ</a><br>
David Spratt on climate actions<span> </span><a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nLEXXvXRY8" style="padding:
0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(255, 9,
6);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nLEXXvXRY8</a><br>
Climate Change: Live Like You Believe We Are Causing It (Shawn
James)<span> </span><a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmnrnvX4P98" style="padding:
0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(255, 9,
6);">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmnrnvX4P98</a><br>
Teaser image<span> </span><a
href="https://pixabay.com/en/universe-earth-planet-space-cosmos-1784292/"
style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;
color: rgb(255, 9, 6);">https://pixabay.com/en/universe-earth-planet-space-cosmos-1784292/</a><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://climatestate.com/2018/08/22/the-coming-disruption-of-the-carbon-bubble/">http://climatestate.com/2018/08/22/the-coming-disruption-of-the-carbon-bubble/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[if it's not the heat, it's the heat]<b><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/08/why-this-years-wildfires-have-been-so-ferocious/567215/">Why
the Wildfires of 2018 Have Been So Ferocious</a></b><br>
It's the heat, not the humidity.<br>
ROBINSON MEYER - AUG 10, 2018<br>
There would be little precedent for this year's fire season in
California-if the last few years hadn't been wretched as well. 2017
was the state's costliest, most destructive wildfire season. Six of
the 10 largest wildfires in the state's history have occurred in the
past decade, and all but one of them have happened this century...<br>
- - - -<br>
"The factor that clearly made the difference in 2017, and again in
2018, is heat," Williams said. "Last summer was record-breaking, or
near record-breaking, hot across much of the West, and I believe
July 2018 will break records or come close to it again this year.
Even if the deep soils are wet following winter and spring, a hot
and dry atmosphere seems to be able to overwhelm that effect."<br>
As it turned out, July 2018 was the hottest month in California ever
recorded. The state as a whole was 5 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than
normal. (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
announced the record on Wednesday, after Williams and I
corresponded.)<br>
<br>
Death Valley also endured the hottest month ever recorded on Earth,
averaging 108.1 degrees Fahrenheit (or 42.3 degrees Celsius) across
day and night.<br>
<br>
The literature suggests that wildfires are more driven by the
temperature and moisture content in the air than by the moisture
content in the soil, Williams said. This bodes ill for our warming
world. It also means that wildfires may become harder to predict
during the preceding winter and spring. "We tend to think of fire
danger as being a function of the drought status of an area,"
Williams said. "Even the Earth-system models used to project
climate/land-cover changes for the next century do this." But
extreme air temperatures may overwhelm that effect, leading us to
undercount future fire risk.<br>
<br>
What has been "reinforced this year and last," Williams said, is
that there's even more evidence "that a warming climate strongly
promotes increases in forest fire activity in western North
America."<br>
As if there wasn't enough evidence of that. Last year, the National
Climate Assessment-written by a panel of scientists in the military,
federal civilian agencies, and private universities-reviewed the
complete scientific literature on climate change and wildfires. They
concluded that the number of large blazes had increased since the
early 1980s. They also said the number of wildfires "is projected to
further increase in those regions as the climate warms." They warned
this could induce "profound changes to certain ecosystems."<br>
This was not a controversial conclusion. A 2016 study in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that
human-caused climate change had doubled the number of overall acres
burned by wildfires since the mid-1980s. (It was co-authored by
Williams.)<br>
Yet some commentators-including, bizarrely, the Canadian pop
psychologist Jordan Peterson-have claimed that climate change is not
having an effect on fires. They assert that U.S. government data
show that larger wildfires burned in the West during the 1920s and
'30s.<br>
<br>
In fact, the National Interagency Fire Center-which maintains that
data-says that none of its fire-acreage records from before 1960
should be trusted. Regional fire authorities often double- or
triple-counted the same fire, or they estimated fire size
inaccurately at that time.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/08/why-this-years-wildfires-have-been-so-ferocious/567215/">https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/08/why-this-years-wildfires-have-been-so-ferocious/567215/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[from a wise young scientist] <br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://climatesight.org/2018/06/26/future-projections-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-melting/">Future
projections of Antarctic ice shelf melting</a></b><br>
Posted on June 26, 2018<br>
Climate change will increase ice shelf melt rates around Antarctica.
That's the not-very-surprising conclusion of my latest modelling
study, done in collaboration with both Australian and German
researchers, which was just published in Journal of Climate. Here's
the less intuitive result: much of the projected increase in melt
rates is actually linked to a decrease in sea ice formation.<br>
<br>
That's a lot of different kinds of ice, so let's back up a bit. Sea
ice is just frozen seawater. But ice shelves (as well as ice sheets
and icebergs) are originally formed of snow. Snow falls on the
Antarctic continent, and over many years compacts into a system of
interconnected glaciers that we call an ice sheet. These glaciers
flow downhill towards the coast. If they hit the coast and keep
going, floating on the ocean surface, the floating bits are called
ice shelves. Sometimes the edges of ice shelves will break off and
form icebergs, but they don't really come into this story.<br>
<br>
Climate models don't typically include ice sheets, or ice shelves,
or icebergs. This is one reason why projections of sea level rise
are so uncertain. But some standalone ocean models do include ice
shelves. At least, they include the little pockets of ocean beneath
the ice shelves – we call them ice shelf cavities – and can simulate
the melting and refreezing that happens on the ice shelf base.<br>
- - - -<br>
This link between weakened sea ice formation and increased ice shelf
melting has troubling implications for sea level rise. The next step
is to simulate the sea level rise itself, which requires some model
development. Ocean models like the one we used for this study have
to assume that ice shelf geometry stays constant, so no matter how
much ice shelf melting the model simulates, the ice shelves aren't
allowed to thin or collapse. Basically, this design assumes that any
ocean-driven melting is exactly compensated by the flow of the
upstream glacier such that ice shelf geometry remains constant.<br>
<br>
Of course this is not a good assumption, because we're observing ice
shelves thinning all over the place, and a few have even collapsed.
But removing this assumption would necessitate coupling with an ice
sheet model, which presents major engineering challenges. We're
working on it – at least ten different research groups around the
world – and over the next few years, fully coupled ice-sheet/ocean
models should be ready to use for the most reliable sea level rise
projections yet.<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climatesight.org/2018/06/26/future-projections-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-melting/">https://climatesight.org/2018/06/26/future-projections-of-antarctic-ice-shelf-melting/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[dust and deluge]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/08/the-strange-future-hurricane-harvey-portends/538557/">The
Strange Future Hurricane Harvey Portends</a></b><br>
Climate change is pushing more water into the atmosphere-with
bizarre consequences.<br>
PETER BRANNEN - AUG 31, 2017<br>
The Earth system is getting warmer. Water is evaporating faster.
There's more of it in the air. It's moving through the system
faster. As a result, the coming centuries will play out under a new
atmospheric regime, one with more extreme rain, falling in patterns
unfamiliar to those around which civilization has grown.<br>
<br>
"Basically the idea is that as the climate warms there's more energy
in the atmosphere," says Gabriel Bowen, a geochemist at the
University of Utah. "That drives a more vigorous water cycle:
Evaporation rates go up, precipitation rates go up-there's just more
water moving through that cycle faster and more intensely."<br>
<br>
For each degree Celsius of warming the atmosphere is able to hold 6
percent more water. For a planet that's expected to warm by 4
degrees by the end of the century, that means a transition to a
profoundly different climate.<br>
- - - - <br>
In 2012, <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/336/6080/455.full">a
study</a> led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
oceanographer Paul Durack found that the global water cycle was
actually speeding up at twice the rate predicted by climate models,
likely intensifying by 16 to 24 percent by the end of the century...<br>
- - - -<br>
"The worst-case scenario is that we see Harveys happen not once in a
lifetime but routinely every summer in multiple places, and it's
exacerbated by the fact that sea level is rising rapidly," says
Bowen. "And then we see many of the agricultural areas of the
world-sunny places with marginal water availability-become dust
bowls."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/08/the-strange-future-hurricane-harvey-portends/538557/">https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/08/the-strange-future-hurricane-harvey-portends/538557/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[ugh]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://qz.com/1365496/floridas-red-tide-shows-that-climate-change-isnt-just-dangerous-its-ugly/">Florida's
red tide crisis shows how climate change will make the world an
ugly place</a></b><br>
By Ephrat Livni<br>
SARASOTA, FLORIDA, Aug. 22<br>
All the water birds-pelicans, egrets, cormorants-are gone.<br>
Flies swarm the coast of the seaside city of Sarasota, Florida.
Crows caw. The air stinks of death. Carpets of fish, belly-up,
mouths gaping, line the shore. This is the putrid new world created
by a toxic red algae bloom spanning 130 miles of the state's west
coast, which has so far killed masses of fish, 12 dolphins, more
than 500 manatees, 300 sea turtles, countless horseshoe crabs, a
whale shark, and the local economy.<br>
<br>
The docks behind otherwise desirable condo buildings are surrounded
by fish carcasses. The waters of the bay are dotted with them,
silver and white, glinting in the hot sun, looking from a distance
like the crests of thousands of small waves. At least 100 tons of
sea creatures have fallen victim to the toxic bloom known as "red
tide." Meanwhile, when breezes blow the toxin inland, people cough,
and reports of respiratory problems are on the rise in local
hospitals.<br>
<br>
The bloom occurs almost annually in Florida. But its effects this
year have been exceptionally devastating. It's a terrifying sight to
behold, and a stark foreshadowing of what may become commonplace as
climate change transforms nature and our lives. Although scientists
don't know exactly what caused this particularly vicious red algae
bloom, they do believe that warming waters brought on by
human-induced weather changes and the effects of building
development have contributed to the ever-more extreme red tides of
the last half-century.<br>
<br>
There's a lot of talk about the threats posed by climate change-to
animals, people, and the environment. But abstract chatter is hard
to fathom. We can't really imagine what it will be like when the
reality we know is replaced, and what's beautiful turns to rot. The
red tide in Florida doesn't just make the issue of global warming
visible; it's an all-out sensory onslaught. And it's a reminder that
climate change isn't just dangerous. It's also going to make the
world an increasingly ugly and unpleasant place.<br>
<br>
On Aug. 13, Florida governor Rick Scott declared a state of
emergency in Hillsborough, Collier, Lee, Charlotte, Sarasota,
Manatee and Pinellas counties. The order provides added funding and
resources for clean-up efforts.<br>
<br>
But money is no match for the sea. In Sarasota, the fish carcasses
pile up again soon after they're removed. Yachts are stalled in
their dockside slips. Tourists are canceling trips. The sidewalk
cafes and restaurants are empty. The tourism group Visit Sarasota
County surveyed local businesses and found that 90% of 77
respondents-from hotels to jet-ski rental companies to restaurants-
said they had lower sales between Aug. 1-7 because of the toxic
algae and resulting dead fish. Locals, too, are staying inside,
hiding from the heat and stench and signs of death, hoping that the
region's most redeeming feature, the water, will become hospitable
again soon.<br>
<br>
Red tide is caused by massive blooms of the toxic organism Karenia
brevis. The bloom is composed of millions of minuscule,
single-celled plant-like organisms that produce chemicals as a
defense, including the compound brevetoxin.<br>
<br>
The toxic red algae, or something like it, was first reported in the
1500s by Spanish explorers...who spotted dead fish in unusual
quantities on crimson-hued waters. It's been officially documented
by scientists since the mid-19th century.<br>
<br>
The naturally-occurring bloom's spread seems to have been
exacerbated by human activities. In the last 60 years, red tides
have become more severe. Some scientists posit (paywall) that this
is a result of warming waters in the Gulf of Mexico. Warm waters
boost algae growth, and the Gulf's surface temperature has warmed by
about two degrees Fahrenheit since 1977, as oceans soak up more heat
in the atmosphere from ever-increasing carbon dioxide emissions. <br>
<br>
Also notable is the fact that human endeavors have reshaped the flow
of Florida's waters. Agriculture, building development, canals,
levees, and dikes have all changed the way rainwater, containing
phosphorous and nitrogen from farm fertilizers, is directed. The
rainwater runoff now rushes into rivers and bays, and the
nitrogen-laden flow coaxes algae blooms.<br>
<br>
Another contributing factor to this year's red tide: About a year
ago, in September of 2017, hurricane Irma struck Florida. The US
Army Corps of Engineers had to release loads of nutrient-ridden
water from Lake Okeechobee to limit water levels at the Hoover Dike.
The latest red tide began about a month later.<br>
- - - -<br>
There seem to be no signs that the red tide is abating. It's
impossible to look at the fish carcasses piling up and the empty
city and not wonder if the dismal future predicted by environmental
scientists is already here. If so, it's not a pretty sight to
behold. <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://qz.com/1365496/floridas-red-tide-shows-that-climate-change-isnt-just-dangerous-its-ugly/">https://qz.com/1365496/floridas-red-tide-shows-that-climate-change-isnt-just-dangerous-its-ugly/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://youtu.be/ntiBmsNYdio">This Day in Climate History
- August 24, 2013</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
August 24, 2013: MSNBC's Rachel Maddow and Chris Hayes discuss the
League of Conservation Voters' ad campaign against Congressional
climate-change deniers.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/ntiBmsNYdio">http://youtu.be/ntiBmsNYdio</a>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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