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<font size="+1"><i>September 22, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[fire hose tornado suck not yet listed as global warming
consequence]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.wthr.com/article/watch-firenado-sucks-fire-hose-canada">WATCH:
'Firenado' sucks up fire hose in Canada</a></b><br>
The video shows three firefighters struggling to control the hose as
it gets sucked toward the flames while a spinning vortex of fire
come up just feet away.<br>
Mary Schidlowsky, who posted the video, said the firenado pulled the
hose more than 100 feet into the air before melting it.<br>
The spinning flames grew to more than 200 feet tall. British
Columbia Wildfire Information Officer Forrest Tower said the tornado
was caused by the heat rising off the wildfire in combination with
extremely high winds.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.wthr.com/article/watch-firenado-sucks-fire-hose-canada">https://www.wthr.com/article/watch-firenado-sucks-fire-hose-canada</a></font><br>
- - - -<br>
[opinion]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/wildfire-risk-likely-to-ramp-up-in-western-us-especially-later-in-september/70005931">Wildfire
risk likely to increase into late September as hot, dry weather
builds across West</a></b><br>
By Alex Sosnowski, AccuWeather senior meteorologist<br>
September 2, 2018<br>
The western United States remains a tinderbox, and wildfire
conditions may worsen as September weather patterns progress.<br>
A persistent northward bulge in the jet stream allowed temperatures
to soar to well above average and at times record levels in parts of
the West this summer.<br>
Multiple, big fires have set the tone so far this year<br>
Most of the large wildfires in California that have burned 875,000
acres as of Aug. 28 are now mostly contained. However, multiple
large fires in the Northwest continue to burn with with
substantially less containment.<br>
The Klondike Fire in Oregon is only 40 percent contained and has
burned over 100,000 acres.<br>
<br>
The 875,000 acres burned in California thus far this year, including
the Mendocino Complex and Carr fires, are well above the five-year
average of 157,000 acres to date, according to Cal Fire.<br>
<br>
On a national basis, 6.5 million acres have burned so far this year,
compared to a 10-year to date average of 5.2 million acres,
according to the National Interagency Fire Center.<br>
Temperatures to be kept at bay, but fire risk to continue in early
September<br>
In recent days, lower temperatures have allowed the wildfire
situation to stabilize in parts of the western United States.<br>
The jet stream dipped farther south during late August and is
forecast to linger over the Northwest U.S. during the first part of
September...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/wildfire-risk-likely-to-ramp-up-in-western-us-especially-later-in-september/70005931">https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/wildfire-risk-likely-to-ramp-up-in-western-us-especially-later-in-september/70005931</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[human caused climate disruption contributes]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.salon.com/2018/09/21/climate-change-turned-florence-into-a-monster-storm-but-mainstream-media-avoided-that-story/">Climate
change turned Florence into a monster storm -- but mainstream
media avoided that story</a></b><br>
Scientists believe climate change dramatically increases rainfall,
but most Florence coverage ignored the issue<br>
- - - -<br>
ABC never referred to climate change in its coverage of Florence,
Public Citizen found; its over-the-air colleagues did little better,
with CBS and NBC airing one segment apiece that mentioned Florence
and climate change together (out of 63 and 73 hurricane segments,
respectively). MSNBC brought up climate in 13 percent of its
Florence reports, considerably ahead of CNN's 4 percent; Fox
discussed climate in 10 percent of 51 segments on Florence, but, the
study noted, "All five of Fox News Network's mentions of climate
change were segments denying the relationship between the storm and
climate change."<br>
<br>
"When outlets fail to connect these events to global warming,
audiences are left uninformed about some of the most critical
decisions we face," David Arkush, who directs Public Citizen's
climate program, said in a statement. "We need a serious national
discussion about the urgent, existential threat from climate change
and how we are going to fix it -- and it's very difficult to have
that conversation when media won't talk about the topic."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.salon.com/2018/09/21/climate-change-turned-florence-into-a-monster-storm-but-mainstream-media-avoided-that-story/">https://www.salon.com/2018/09/21/climate-change-turned-florence-into-a-monster-storm-but-mainstream-media-avoided-that-story/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[security threat]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/09/21/climate-threats-are-shaping-regional-security-cooperation-in-the-pacific/">Climate
Threats are Shaping Regional Security Cooperation in the Pacific</a></b><br>
<font size="-1">By Shiloh Fetzek<br>
</font>A new Pacific regional security declaration includes measures
to orient regional cooperation around building resilience to
disasters and climate impacts.<br>
The Boe Declaration was signed on September 5th at the Pacific
Islands Forum in Nauru by Australia, New Zealand and a range of
Pacific Island countries. It defines climate change as the single
greatest threat to the livelihoods, security and well-being of
Pacific people.<br>
<br>
The Declaration commits signatories to strengthening the regional
security architecture to address a range of threats, including
climate-linked issues like illegal, unreported and unregulated
fishing, alongside broader issues including transnational crime and
cybersecurity. It takes a comprehensive view of security challenges
in the region: "inclusive of human security, humanitarian
assistance, prioritizing environmental security, and regional
cooperation in building resilience to disasters and climate change,
including through regional cooperation and support".<br>
<br>
A Leaders statement issued at the same time also asks the UN
Secretary General to appoint a Special Adviser on climate change and
security, and for the UN Security Council to appoint a special
rapporteur to produce "a regular review of global, regional and
national security threats caused by climate change".<font size="-1"><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2018/09/05/1FINAL_49PIFLM_Communique_for_unofficial_release_rev.pdf">https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2018/09/05/1FINAL_49PIFLM_Communique_for_unofficial_release_rev.pdf</a></font><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/09/21/climate-threats-are-shaping-regional-security-cooperation-in-the-pacific/">https://climateandsecurity.org/2018/09/21/climate-threats-are-shaping-regional-security-cooperation-in-the-pacific/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Climate Denial Crock of the Week with Peter Sinclair]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://climatecrocks.com/2018/09/21/pbs-newshour-media-catching-up-with-science-of-climate-cyclones/">PBS
Newshour : Media Catching up with Science of Climate/Cyclones</a></b><br>
September 21, 2018<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climatecrocks.com/2018/09/21/pbs-newshour-media-catching-up-with-science-of-climate-cyclones/">https://climatecrocks.com/2018/09/21/pbs-newshour-media-catching-up-with-science-of-climate-cyclones/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Climate science on how weather moves]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/how-arctic-warming-could-have-steered-hurricane-florence-towards-the-us">Guest
post: How Arctic warming could have steered Hurricane Florence
towards the US</a></b><br>
Although a category 1 hurricane still brings sustained winds of up
to 95 miles per hour, Florence's potency was not primarily due to
her wind power.<br>
Her threat comes mainly from water: torrential rain plus the bulge
of a storm surge – where a low-pressure storm weather system pulls
up the surface of the ocean – which she has built up along with her
unusually slow crawl along the US coast last week.<br>
Raised ocean levels block the escape of rainwater through the river
system and out into the sea. Combined with the "epic" amounts of
rain that Florence unloaded in the Carolinas – measuring as much as
one metre in some areas – this provides the ingredients for
devastating flooding...<br>
- - - - -<br>
What has caused Florence to hit land in the US in this way is an
increasingly common weather phenomenon called "blocking highs" in
the North Atlantic. And these weather patterns may be linked to a
warming, melting Arctic...<br>
- - - -<br>
Numerical weather prediction models often struggle to predict them
and most climate models underestimate how often they occur.
Measurements of the real world tell us that they are occurring more
frequently in the North Atlantic during summer months...<br>
- - - -<br>
Added to this, we have been observing much warmer than normal ocean
temperatures off the east coast of North America in recent years.
This warm water also helps form stronger ridges and, thus, makes
blocking highs more likely. A similar pattern was seen in the
"Ridiculously Resilient Ridge", a huge high-pressure weather system
over the northeastern Pacific Ocean that caused California's recent
multi-year drought....<br>
- - - - -<br>
Florence stumbled into one of these weak-flow areas as it neared the
coast, leading to prolonged heavy rains fuelled by overheated
Atlantic water and evaporation. This is a similar pattern to
Hurricane Sandy in 2012, where the storm stalled over the Caribbean
with severe rainfall and resulting damage.<br>
<b>Declining snow cover</b><br>
So, what causes this double peak in the temperature gradient? My
hypothesis is that the answer lies in the ever-earlier loss of the
spring snow cover in the high latitudes. This early melt allows the
soil underneath to dry out and warm up much earlier in a belt along
the high latitudes of the continents – yet another connection to
rapid Arctic warming. Ongoing research will clarify the influence of
this factor.<br>
In short, much of the extreme weather that we have endured in recent
years may be boosted by the warming, melting Arctic. Slowing these
changes by reducing our carbon emissions will help soften the blow
of climate change for generations to come.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/how-arctic-warming-could-have-steered-hurricane-florence-towards-the-us">https://www.carbonbrief.org/how-arctic-warming-could-have-steered-hurricane-florence-towards-the-us</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[5 min video]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsIxsSOXups&feature=youtu.be">Addressing
Gender in Climate Change Policies for Agriculture</a></b><b><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsIxsSOXups&feature=youtu.be"><br>
</a></b>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<br>
Published on Jul 26, 2018<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/">http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://adaptation-undp.org/naps-agriculture">http://adaptation-undp.org/naps-agriculture</a><br>
Men and women often have different roles and responsibilities in
society and therefore experience climate change impacts in different
ways. <br>
This video shows what Colombia, Uganda and Viet Nam are doing to
develop gender-responsive national adaptation plans for the
agriculture sectors. This country-driven work is carried out under a
global programme known as Integrating Agriculture in National
Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag), jointly coordinated by the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO).<br>
Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of the
material in the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of FAO and UNDP concerning the legal or
constitutional status of any country, territory or sea area, or
concerning the delimitation of frontiers.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsIxsSOXups&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsIxsSOXups&feature=youtu.be</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[New tool for wind data] <br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://globalwindatlas.info/">Global
Wind Atlas </a></b><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://globalsolaratlas.info/">Global
Solar Atlas</a> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://globalsolaratlas.info/">http://globalsolaratlas.info/</a><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://energydata.info/">EnergyData.info</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://energydata.info/">https://energydata.info/</a><br>
All apps <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://energydata.info/apps">https://energydata.info/apps</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://globalwindatlas.info/">https://globalwindatlas.info/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[Journal Nature warns us]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06695-5">Don't
deploy negative emissions technologies without ethical analysis</a></b><br>
<a>Climate policy advice is being undermined by value-laden choices
over risky mitigation strategies, warn Dominic Lenzi and
colleagues.</a><br>
PDF version<br>
In October, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
will release a special report on keeping global temperature rise
within 1.5C of pre-industrial levels. Governments requested the
report at the 2015 Paris climate conference. Policymakers want to
know what further steps would be needed to stay well within the 2C
threshold, above which the risks of climate change become more
dangerous.<br>
<br>
The IPCC report will confirm an open secret: in the light of growing
emissions, targets for mitigating climate change increasingly depend
on 'negative emissions technologies' that suck carbon dioxide out of
the atmosphere. Staying within 2 C could mean extracting billions of
tonnes of CO2 this century.<br>
<br>
Atmospheric carbon -- captured after burning biofuels, for instance
-- could be locked in the ground or sea for thousands of years.
Forests and soils could be managed to store more carbon. Or
more-speculative means that are still in the realm of basic research
could be used1. Examples include fertilizing the oceans with iron to
enhance phytoplankton growth, increasing the weathering of minerals
or developing devices that remove CO2 directly from the air.<br>
<br>
The vast scale at which such technologies would need to be
implemented raises ethical concerns. For example, growing more
biomass to burn as fuel would take land away from food production
and use water for irrigation2. Famines, civil unrest and damage to
biodiversity could follow3. Seeding the oceans with iron could
undermine marine ecosystems. Covering an area twice the size of the
United States with crushed silicate stones to enhance weathering
would affect communities, agriculture and ecosystems.<br>
<br>
Yet there has been no systematic evaluation of the ethics of carbon
removal methods by the climate assessment community or professional
philosophers. The IPCC's latest review (its fifth assessment report)
included a chapter on ethics4, setting out concepts of
responsibility, justice and welfare. But it did not dwell much on
negative emissions technologies, nor did other chapters consider
ethics. Carbon removal methods must be ethically evaluated in the
context of climate policy pathways...<br>
- - -- - <br>
Philosophical discussions of climate change revolve around abstract
principles: the 'common but differentiated responsibilities of
states' to fund mitigation and adaptation, whether the polluter pays
and who has the ability to pay. The debates do not consider
particular policy pathways, telling us little about what a just
future would look like or how to achieve it. Without interrogating
mitigation pathways, ethics will be of little use for policy
assessment. <br>
<br>
Ethicists need a better understanding of climate-mitigation
research. The vast scales over which negative emissions technologies
would be unleashed are difficult to grasp. Even the climate
stabilization target isn't settled. It seems obvious that lower
temperatures are ethically preferable. But getting negative
emissions wrong also raises risks. Keeping within 1.5 C of warming
could cause side effects that are as bad as those in a world that is
2 C warmer -- such as through environmental damage caused by ramping
up mineral mining, or cutting down the rest of the Amazon rainforest
for biofuels....<br>
- - - -<br>
To broaden the range of considerations included, we would like to
see ethicists, modellers and social scientists, governments and
civil-society groups collaborate on climate-mitigation assessments.
Drawing on divergent viewpoints and criteria, they should map the
various implications of alternative policy pathways10. Organizations
such as the Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium should openly
discuss ethical assumptions built into models. This might help to
avoid misleading or opaque choices being made at the design stage.
For example, lifestyle changes such as meat-free diets or avoidance
of aeroplane travel have been absent until recently from scenarios,
leading to an imbalanced representation of options...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06695-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06695-5</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[whence words?]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/09/20/the-power-of-language-in-the-anthropocene/">The
Power of Language in the Anthropocene</a></b><br>
by KENN ORPHAN<br>
<blockquote>"So we are left with a stark choice: allow climate
disruption to change everything about our world, or change pretty
much everything about our economy to avoid that fate. But we need
to be very clear: because of our decades of collective denial, no
gradual, incremental options are now available to us."<br>
– Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate<br>
<br>
"The smart way to keep people passive and obedient is to strictly
limit the spectrum of acceptable opinion, but allow very lively
debate within that spectrum."<br>
– Noam Chomsky<br>
<br>
"We live in capitalism. Its power seems inescapable. So did the
divine right of kings. Any human power can be resisted and changed
by human beings. Resistance and change often begin in art, and
very often in our art, the art of words."<br>
– Ursula K. Le Guin<br>
<br>
"Let us wake up, humankind! We're out of time. We must shake our
conscience free of the rapacious capitalism, racism and patriarchy
that will only assure our own self-destruction."<br>
– Berta Caceres, Indigenous and environmental activist, murdered
by a rightwing Honduran death squad.<br>
</blockquote>
At a certain point reality crashes headlong into toxic naivety. It
is inevitable. One can only go on so long in denial before it
intrudes. This is also true of societies. As I write, several
"unprecedented"deadly hurricanes, typhoons and tropical storms are
literally swirling around the world's oceans. One of them has
churned through the Carolinas. But this is a place where analysis of
the threat of sea level rise was forbidden by a state determined to
erase any public discourse on climate change in deference to its
moneyed industries. Another one, the strongest on the planet, has
devastated swaths of the Philippines and Hong Kong. On the opposite
end of the spectrum wildfires have scorched huge swaths of North
America, Greece and Spain and floods have inundated villages from
Italy to India. Year after year the broken records and damages pile
up, and it is becoming increasingly difficult for even the most
irrational or dimwitted to ignore the unfolding climate chaos. Yet
still the language of the Anthropocene remains a convoluted mess of
obscurantism and outright denial...<br>
- - - - -<br>
In the US most live in state of perpetual stress and distraction.
Distracted by the demands of work, shrinking social safety nets and
a political landscape that has merged with mass entertainment, the
corporate surveillance state keeps the masses in line by
neutralizing public opinion, policing thought and censoring
dialogue. Many live in states that are destined to experience more
and more catastrophic flooding or prolonged and entrenched drought
thanks to climate change.<br>
<br>
Hyperbolic? Perhaps to some. But in the global south, which often
includes areas inside Western nations, dystopia is now. They inhabit
capitalism's sacrifice zones, places where ruthless exploitation,
destruction and abandonment are considered acceptable. For them
water is already scarce, food is already insecure, addiction is
already and epidemic, cancer and other diseases are already the
norm, and their homes are already sinking beneath the tide. They
understand that denialism, false hope and language that cloaks
reality only perpetuate the misery and maintains the status quo
death march to extinction. They have taught us all how we must
dissent to the madness of the Anthropocene. Thanks to centuries of
massacre, exploitation and having their histories rewritten, from
Chiapas to Sapmi,they have responded by nourishing solidarity and
resistance. They have demonstrated to us that agency rests in a
relentless drive to push back, build economies independent of the
"free market," foster independent media and journalism, create
representative forms of governance despite cynicism, stand united
against the violence of the state against the odds, paint murals
that reflect the people's history and speak in a language that
boldly defies the ruling class narrative...<br>
- - - - <br>
But we should understand that the language of this era is no
accident. It has been carefully crafted by the forces of capital to
control the dominant narrative, condition our thinking, and dictate
how we will act. It is designed to keep us distracted while they
keep up their pillage. The beginning of dissent and resistance,
then, lies in learning a different tongue.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/09/20/the-power-of-language-in-the-anthropocene/">https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/09/20/the-power-of-language-in-the-anthropocene/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Archive dive - crucial documents]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/19/shell-and-exxons-secret-1980s-climate-change-warnings">Shell
and Exxon's secret 1980s climate change warnings</a></b><br>
Newly found documents from the 1980s show that fossil fuel companies
privately predicted the global damage that would be caused by their
products...<br>
- - - - -<br>
Recently, secret documents have been unearthed detailing what the
energy industry knew about the links between their products and
global warming. But, unlike the government's nuclear plans, what the
industry detailed was put into action.<br>
In the 1980s, oil companies like Exxon and Shell carried out
internal assessments of the carbon dioxide released by fossil fuels,
and forecast the planetary consequences of these emissions. In 1982,
for example, Exxon predicted that by about 2060, CO2 levels would
reach around 560 parts per million – double the preindustrial level
– and that this would push the planet's average temperatures up by
about 2C over then-current levels (and even more compared to
pre-industrial levels).<br>
Later that decade, in 1988, an internal report by Shell projected
similar effects but also found that CO2 could double even earlier,
by 2030. Privately, these companies did not dispute the links
between their products, global warming, and ecological calamity. On
the contrary, their research confirmed the connections.<br>
Shell's assessment foresaw a one-meter sea-level rise, and noted
that warming could also fuel disintegration of the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet, resulting in a worldwide rise in sea level of "five to
six meters." That would be enough to inundate entire low-lying
countries...<br>
- - - -<br>
For its part, Exxon warned of "potentially catastrophic events that
must be considered." Like Shell's experts, Exxon's scientists
predicted devastating sea-level rise, and warned that the American
Midwest and other parts of the world could become desert-like.
Looking on the bright side, the company expressed its confidence
that "this problem is not as significant to mankind as a nuclear
holocaust or world famine."<br>
The documents make for frightening reading. And the effect is all
the more chilling in view of the oil giants' refusal to warn the
public about the damage that their own researchers predicted.
Shell's report, marked "confidential," was first disclosed by a
Dutch news organization earlier this year. Exxon's study was not
intended for external distribution, either; it was leaked in 2015...<br>
- - - - <br>
Despite scientific uncertainties, the bottom line was this: oil
firms recognized that their products added CO2 to the atmosphere,
understood that this would lead to warming, and calculated the
likely consequences. And then they chose to accept those risks on
our behalf, at our expense, and without our knowledge...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/19/shell-and-exxons-secret-1980s-climate-change-warnings">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/19/shell-and-exxons-secret-1980s-climate-change-warnings</a><br>
- - - -</font><br>
[Here's the source material]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05042018/shell-knew-scientists-climate-change-risks-fossil-fuels-global-warming-company-documents-netherlands-lawsuits">Shell
Knew Fossil Fuels Created Climate Change Risks Back in 1980s,
Internal Documents Show</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05042018/shell-knew-scientists-climate-change-risks-fossil-fuels-global-warming-company-documents-netherlands-lawsuits">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05042018/shell-knew-scientists-climate-change-risks-fossil-fuels-global-warming-company-documents-netherlands-lawsuits</a></font><br>
- - - -<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/content/Exxon-The-Road-Not-Taken">Exxon's
Own Research Confirmed Fossil Fuels' Role in Global Warming
Decades Ago</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/content/Exxon-The-Road-Not-Taken">https://insideclimatenews.org/content/Exxon-The-Road-Not-Taken</a></font><br>
- - - - -<br>
[1985 Shell research paper]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/Shell_Climate_1988.pdf">Shell
Confidential THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT </a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/Shell_Climate_1988.pdf">https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blog/Shell_Climate_1988.pdf</a></font><br>
- - - - -<br>
[Exxon Research and Engineering Company report 1982]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://insideclimatenews.org/sites/default/files/documents/1982%20Exxon%20Primer%20on%20CO2%20Greenhouse%20Effect.pdf">briefing
material on the CO2 "Greenhouse" Effect</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://insideclimatenews.org/sites/default/files/documents/1982%20Exxon%20Primer%20on%20CO2%20Greenhouse%20Effect.pdf">http://insideclimatenews.org/sites/default/files/documents/1982%20Exxon%20Primer%20on%20CO2%20Greenhouse%20Effect.pdf</a></font><br>
- - - - -[gosh, I wish everybody could have read this paper back in
1982]<br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://youtu.be/QvDg4BMTGE8">This Day in Climate History</a>
- <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/science/earth/scientists-report-global-rise-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions.html">September
22, 2014</a> - from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
September 22, 2009: President Obama addresses the UN on climate
change.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/QvDg4BMTGE8">http://youtu.be/QvDg4BMTGE8</a> <br>
- - - -<br>
September 22, 2014:<br>
The New York Times reports: <br>
<blockquote>"Global emissions of greenhouse gases jumped 2.3 percent
in 2013 to record levels, scientists reported Sunday, in the
latest indication that the world remains far off track in its
efforts to control global warming.<br>
<br>
“The emissions growth last year was a bit slower than the average
growth rate of 2.5 percent over the past decade, and much of the
dip was caused by an economic slowdown in China, which is the
world’s single largest source of emissions. It may take an
additional year or two to know if China has turned a corner toward
slower emissions growth, or if the runaway pace of recent years
will resume.<br>
<br>
"In the United States, emissions rose 2.9 percent, after declining
in recent years.<br>
<br>
"The new numbers, reported by a tracking initiative called the
Global Carbon Project and published in the journal Nature
Geoscience, came on the eve of a United Nations summit meeting
meant to harness fresh political ambition in tackling climate
change. Scientists said the figures showed that vastly greater
efforts would be needed to get long-term global warming within
tolerable limits."<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/science/earth/scientists-report-global-rise-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/science/earth/scientists-report-global-rise-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions.html</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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