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<font size="+1"><i>September 27, 2018</i></font><br>
<br>
[PR today, manufacturing 3-5 years hence]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-26/chinese-solar-giant-to-make-all-its-panels-with-just-solar-power">Chinese
Solar Giant to Make All Its Panels With Just Solar Power</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-26/chinese-solar-giant-to-make-all-its-panels-with-just-solar-power">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-26/chinese-solar-giant-to-make-all-its-panels-with-just-solar-power</a><br>
<br>
</font><br>
[The biggest destabilization ever.]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://weather.com/science/space/news/2018-09-25-climate-change-earth-wobble-more-nasa">Climate
Change Is Causing Earth to Wobble on Its Axis, NASA Says</a></b><br>
By Pam Wright<br>
For the first time, scientists have identified why Earth wobbles as
it spins.<br>
The decrease in Greenland's ice mass is the main reason for the
wobble, NASA says.<br>
Changes in the Earth's wobble could impact the accuracy of satellite
tools like GPS systems, according to NASA.<br>
- - - -<br>
Over the past century, Earth's axis - the imaginary line that passes
through the North and South Poles - has drifted about 4 inches, and
a decrease in Greenland's ice mass is the main contributor to the
wobble, the space agency has announced.<br>
As temperatures increased throughout the 20th century because of
humans, Greenland's ice mass decreased.<br>
"A total of about 7,500 gigatons -- the weight of more than 20
million Empire State Buildings -- of Greenland's ice melted into the
ocean during this time period," NASA said in a press release. "This
makes Greenland one of the top contributors of mass being
transferred to the oceans, causing sea level to rise and,
consequently, a drift in Earth's spin axis."...<br>
- - - -<br>
The agency notes that while melting has occurred at other locations,
including Antarctica, Greenland's location has had a greater
influence on Earth's wobble.<br>
"There is a geometrical effect that if you have a mass that is 45
degrees from the North Pole -- which Greenland is -- or from the
South Pole (like Patagonian glaciers), it will have a bigger impact
on shifting Earth's spin axis than a mass that is right near the
Pole," said coauthor Eric Ivins.<br>
Scientists also believe glacial rebound plays a role in the planet's
wobble, but it's not the major contributor scientists previously
thought.<br>
"During the last ice age, heavy glaciers depressed Earth's surface
much like a mattress depresses when you sit on it. As that ice
melts, or is removed, the land slowly rises back to its original
position," NASA says. "In the new study, which relied heavily on a
statistical analysis of such rebound, scientists figured out that
glacial rebound is likely to be responsible for only about a third
of the polar drift in the 20th century."<br>
Mantle convection, or the movement of tectonic plates on Earth's
surface, is another reason for Earth's wobble, NASA scientists say.<br>
"It is basically the circulation of material in the mantle caused by
heat from Earth's core," NASA says. "Ivins describes it as similar
to a pot of soup placed on the stove. As the pot, or mantle, heats,
the pieces of the soup begin to rise and fall, essentially forming a
vertical circulation pattern -- just like the rocks moving through
Earth's mantle."<br>
So, what does this change in Earth's rotation change for us here on
Earth's surface?<br>
Nothing that dramatically changes day-to-day life, but the shift can
impact the accuracy of GPS and other satellite functions, NASA
notes. <br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://weather.com/science/space/news/2018-09-25-climate-change-earth-wobble-more-nasa">https://weather.com/science/space/news/2018-09-25-climate-change-earth-wobble-more-nasa</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[understatement]<br>
<b><a
href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/408596-obama-jabs-at-trumps-position-on-climate-change">Obama
jabs at Trump's lack of 'commitment' on climate change</a></b><br>
BY ARIS FOLLEY - 09/26/18 <br>
Former President Obama slammed the Trump administration on
environmental sustainability on Wednesday.<br>
While delivering remarks to business leaders in Oslo, Norway, Obama
said the world needs "political and social commitment" in order to
achieve sustainability, The Associated Press reported.<br>
"Unfortunately we have a U.S administration that deals differently
around these issues," he reportedly said to a crowd of laughter at
the Oslo Business Forum.<br>
"The single highest priority that I see globally at this point is
the issue of environmental sustainability," he continued, while also
adding that the Paris climate agreement is "a first step in the
right direction. But only the first step."<br>
Obama went on to say that environmental sustainability can only be
achieved when leaders adopt new technologies.<br>
"But that takes political and social commitment that right now is
not forthcoming," Obama added.<br>
The AP reported that Obama did not use President Trump's name...<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/408596-obama-jabs-at-trumps-position-on-climate-change">https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/408596-obama-jabs-at-trumps-position-on-climate-change</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[UN delivery]<br>
<b><a
href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/25/politics/macron-unga-speech-trump/index.html">Macron
rebukes Trump's isolationist message</a></b><br>
New York (CNN)French President Emmanuel Macron delivered a fiery
rebuke of US policies under President Donald Trump at the UN General
Assembly Tuesday, signaling that he is ready to take up the mantle
of global leadership usually assumed by a US leader.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/25/politics/macron-unga-speech-trump/index.html">https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/25/politics/macron-unga-speech-trump/index.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[melts as it should, but it moves much faster than thought]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/26/new-research-shows-the-worlds-ice-is-doing-something-not-seen-before">New
research shows the world's ice is doing something not seen
before</a></b><br>
John Abraham - Wed 26 Sep 2018 <br>
In this warming world, some parts of the planet are warming much
faster than others. The warming is causing large ice bodies to
start to melt and move rapidly, in some cases sliding into the
ocean. <br>
<br>
This movement is the topic of a very new scientific study that was
just published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
The Arctic is warming much faster than other parts of the planet and
the ice there is showing the signs of rapid warming. This fact has
serious consequences. First, melting ice can cause sea levels to
rise and inundate coastal areas - it also makes storms like
hurricanes and typhoons more destructive. Melting ice also causes a
feedback loop, which can cause more future warming and then more ice
loss.<br>
<br>
It should be noted that there are different types of ice. Some ice
floats on water and is called sea ice. When it melts, the ocean
water level hardly budges because the ice is already in the sea
displacing liquid water. But, sea ice is really important for this
feedback loop I mentioned above.<br>
<br>
Other ice is on land and may be a large ice sheet or a smaller
glacier. These ice bodies sit atop the land and "rest" there. In
some cases, they extend out off the land and into the ocean where
they partly float on liquid water. When this land ice melts, the
liquid flows into the oceans and can cause significant ocean level
rising.<br>
<br>
So, the importance of ice depends on what type it is, where it is
located, and how fast it is melting. And this brings us to the new
paper.<br>
<br>
The researchers looked at a type of high latitude glacier in their
study. These glaciers hold enough water to cause about 1 foot
(about a third of a meter) in sea level rise. Typically, they exist
in cold and dry areas, where snowfall is limited. <br>
<br>
How do glaciers move? Well really by either sliding over the
underlying bedrock or surface that they sit on, or by deforming and
stretching under their weight. The colder glaciers tend to move by
the deforming and stretching process. Glaciers that have wetter and
more temperate regions involve more sliding. But regardless of how
they move, these glaciers, particularly the glaciers that have both
cold and temperate parts, experience surges in their motion. These
surges are short duration times where the glacier moves a lot.
During a surge, ice is redistributed from one part of the glacier to
another region.<br>
<br>
The authors in this study observed such a glacier surge. It
happened at an outlet glacier that is mainly of the "cold" type in
Russia. At the Vavilov Ice Cap on October Revolution Island, the
authors find it "is undergoing extraordinary acceleration and
thinning but displays no previous evidence of surging." The authors
write,<br>
<br>
the 300-600 meter thick 1820 square kilometer Vavilov Ice Cap is
frozen to its bed over the majority of its area, apart from a region
along its western margin where basal sliding is potentially
important for faster flow.<br>
<br>
In 2010 the ice in the region began to accelerate and the next year,
crevasses were observed that matched the patterns of ice
acceleration. The researchers were able to watch this surge in ice
motion in real-time using satellite images. They could track the
motion and show the incredible speed of flow. <br>
<br>
What caused the rapid motion? This is an important question because
if the motion is caused by human warming, we can expect the behavior
to be repeated elsewhere as temperatures rise. Importantly both air
and ocean-water temperatures could be a factor. One potential cause
is surface meltwater. The top of the ice can melt, and liquid water
then can flow downwards, into the ice through cracks and holes.
This flowing water can precondition the ice for rapid motion.<br>
<br>
This fact may be a contributing cause to the motion. Basically, the
melted water lubricated the ice/ground interface causing more
sliding and more friction. The friction caused some of the bottom
ice to melt and released more liquid water, and a cycle had begun.<br>
<br>
The researchers also took measurements of elevation to better
understand areas where ice was becoming thicker or thinner. In
addition, they studied the forces that exist within the ice itself
to help elucidate the cause of the increased speed. Obviously, this
is an evolving area of study and all of the questions have not yet
been answered. However, I was impressed when I read that even
though these types of surges are becoming more common, what the
researchers observed in Russia was still unique. They describe the
rate of ice loss at Vavilov as "extreme." The authors also point
out,<br>
<br>
It is startling that the Vavilov Ice Cap, until recently, an
apparently stable ice cap with an almost entirely frozen bed that is
almost entirely above sea level, is able to rapidly discharge such a
large proportion of its ice in the ocean over such a short period.<br>
<br>
So, to answer the question, how fast is it moving? In 2015, it
reached speeds of up to 82 feet in a single day. It currently is
sliding 15-35 feet a day. For comparison, that is much faster than
the average 2 inches per day we would see with no surge events.<br>
<br>
The takeaway message is that once we thought these large bodies of
ice responded slowly to changing conditions. But this research
shows us differently. It shows that ice sheet can move quickly and
once we pass a threshold, they may be hard to stop. This finding
makes it more crucial for us to slow down global warming before it's
too late.<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/26/new-research-shows-the-worlds-ice-is-doing-something-not-seen-before">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/sep/26/new-research-shows-the-worlds-ice-is-doing-something-not-seen-before</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Not Kansas anymore]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpzkfZMHJpA">Our Changing
World; A Tornado Outbreak in Canada</a></b><br>
Paul Beckwith - Sep 26, 2018<br>
After an outbreak of 6 tornadoes in Ontario and Quebec on Friday
September 21, 2018 there have been many questions. In Ontario, there
was an EF1 near Calabogie, an EF3 that destroyed much of Dunrobin,
then tracked through Ottawa and went across the Ottawa River to
damage Gatineau in Quebec, and an EF2 in the southern part of
Ottawa. There were 3 additional tornadoes in northern regions of
Quebec. Is this a freak of nature or part of a worrying new trend?<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpzkfZMHJpA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpzkfZMHJpA</a></font><br>
- - - -<br>
September 25 2018<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://globalnews.ca/video/4487155/environment-canada-now-confirms-6-tornadoes-hit-on-qc">Environment
Canada now confirms 6 tornadoes hit ON, QC</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://globalnews.ca/video/4487155/environment-canada-now-confirms-6-tornadoes-hit-on-qc">https://globalnews.ca/video/4487155/environment-canada-now-confirms-6-tornadoes-hit-on-qc</a></font><br>
- - - - <br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4485573/investigating-windstorms-why-it-took-days-to-confirm-ontario-quebec-tornadoes/">Investigating
windstorms: Why it took days to confirm Ontario, Quebec
tornadoes</a></b><br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4485573/investigating-windstorms-why-it-took-days-to-confirm-ontario-quebec-tornadoes/">https://globalnews.ca/news/4485573/investigating-windstorms-why-it-took-days-to-confirm-ontario-quebec-tornadoes/</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[common sense]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/26/17897614/climate-change-social-cost-carbon">Climate
change is a global injustice. A new study shows why.</a></b><br>
The US is second only to India when it comes to the economic cost of
global warming.<br>
By Umair Irfan - Sep 26, 2018<br>
All efforts to fight climate change face the money test: Are the
benefits of stopping global warming -- and avoiding sea level rise,
heat waves, and wildfires -- greater than the costs?<br>
The dollar balance we arrive at should be one of the biggest factors
in deciding what we're willing to do to tackle the problem, whether
that's shuttering all coal plants or building thousands of nuclear
reactors.<br>
Some groups have taken a stab at calculating what climate change
will cost the world, or conversely, how much humanity would save by
becoming more sustainable. Earlier this month, the Global Commission
on the Economy and Climate tallied the number at a truly massive $26
trillion in savings by 2030.<br>
<br>
Getting a slice of those savings requires figuring out which actors
stand to lose the most as the climate changes, whether that's
countries, companies, or even individuals.<br>
<br>
And this is where the idea of the social cost of carbon comes in.
It's a policy tool that attaches a price tag to the long-term
economic damage caused by one ton of carbon dioxide, hence the cost
to society. It's related to a carbon tax (more on that below), and
it serves as a way to distill the vast global consequences of
climate change down to a practical metric.<br>
<br>
Critically, it's also the foundation of US climate policies,
including the Clean Power Plan. Revising this number down has been a
key part of the Trump administration's strategy to roll back
environmental rules. Under Obama, the social cost of carbon was set
at $45 per ton of carbon dioxide; under Trump, it's as little as $1.<br>
<br>
A new study published Monday in the journal Nature Climate Change
calculates the social cost of carbon down to individual countries.
This adds an important bit of nuance because climate change is going
to cost some countries more than others, a fact that's lost when you
try to tabulate a global average...<br>
- - -<br>
We're drastically underestimating how much climate change will cost
the global economy<br>
Even if you've just skimmed climate policy discussions in recent
years, you've likely come across the idea of a carbon tax. In short,
a carbon tax helps attach the consequences of climate change to the
greenhouse gas sources that are driving it. Ideally, it would push
economies toward sustainability by making dirtier energy sources and
industries more costly relative to their alternatives. It's a useful
tool in estimating the costs and benefits of different ways to fight
climate change.<br>
<br>
Though a tax is just one way to price emissions, most economists and
scientists agree that pricing in some form is the sine qua non of
fighting climate change. (My colleague David Roberts has written
extensively about the limits of a carbon tax and the recent
Republican carbon tax proposals.)<br>
<br>
How high you set your carbon tax is a function of how aggressively
you want to clean up your act and how much damage you're expecting
if you don't. The former is an objective that's set by policymakers,
but the latter, in theory, has an empirical value. This is the
social cost of carbon...<br>
- - - -<br>
Calculating the social cost of carbon is merely the starting point
for climate policy<br>
Suppose every country in the world suddenly wakes up tomorrow in
ecstatic cahoots on climate change and decides to implement a carbon
tax at the level of their respective social costs of carbon. Will
that solve climate change?<br>
<br>
Not even remotely.<br>
<br>
"If countries were to price their own carbon emissions at their own
[country-level social cost of carbon], approximately 5 [percent], a
small amount, of the global climate externality would be
internalized," the researchers wrote.<br>
<br>
That's because there are some countries that emit very little and
will be hit hard by climate change, while others emit a lot and
won't see as many damages. So for a country to set a meaningful
carbon tax, or any other price on carbon, it has to include damages
caused to other countries, as former Obama adviser Jason Bordoff
wrote in the Wall Street Journal:<br>
<br>
Unlike other regulated pollutants that have almost entirely domestic
consequences, CO2 impacts are global, and climate change is a
"tragedy of the commons" problem. A ton of CO2 contributes equally
to climate change regardless of where it comes from. If all nations
looked only at the impact of a ton of CO2 on their own nations, the
collective response would be vastly inadequate to address the true
damages from climate change...<br>
- - <font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.vox.com/2018/9/26/17897614/climate-change-social-cost-carbon">https://www.vox.com/2018/9/26/17897614/climate-change-social-cost-carbon</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</font> [Bloomberg report]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-26/new-climate-debate-how-to-adapt-to-the-end-of-the-world">New
Climate Debate: How to Adapt to the End of the World</a></b><br>
Researchers are thinking about social collapse and how to prepare
for it. <br>
By Chirstopher Flavelle<br>
September 26, 2018, 1:00 AM PDT<br>
At the end of 2016, before Puerto Rico's power grid collapsed,
wildfires reached the Arctic, and a large swath of North Carolina
was submerged under floodwaters, Jonathan Gosling published an
academic paper asking what might have seemed like a shrill question:
How should we prepare for the consequences of planetary climate
catastrophe?<br>
<br>
"If some of the more extreme scenarios of ecocrisis turn out to be
accurate, we in the West will be forced to confront such
transformations," wrote Gosling, an anthropologist who'd just
retired from the University of Exeter in England.<br>
<br>
Almost two years later, as the U.S. stumbles through a second
consecutive season of record hurricanes and fires, more academics
are approaching questions once reserved for doomsday cults. Can
modern society prepare for a world in which global warming threatens
large-scale social, economic, and political upheaval? What are the
policy and social implications of rapid, and mostly unpleasant,
climate disruption?<br>
<br>
Those researchers, who are generally more pessimistic about the pace
of climate change than most academics, are advocating for a series
of changes--in infrastructure, agriculture and land-use management,
international relations, and our expectations about life--to help
manage the effects of crisis-level changes in weather patterns.<br>
<br>
In the language of climate change, "adaptation" refers to ways to
blunt the immediate effects of extreme weather, such as building
seawalls, conserving drinking water, updating building codes, and
helping more people get disaster insurance. The costs are enormous:
The U.S. government is considering a 5-mile, $20 billion seawall to
protect New York City against storm surges, while Louisiana wants to
spend $50 billion to save parts of its shoreline from sinking.
Poorer countries could require $500 billion a year to adapt,
according to the United Nations.<br>
<br>
But some researchers are going further, calling for what some call
the "deep adaptation agenda." For Gosling, that means not only rapid
decarbonization and storm-resistant infrastructure, but also
building water and communications systems that won't fail if the
power grid collapses and searching for ways to safeguard the food
supply by protecting pollinating insects.<br>
<br>
Propelling the movement are signs that the problem is worsening at
an accelerating rate. In an article this summer in the Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, 16 climate scientists from
around the world argued that the planet may be much closer than
previously realized to locking in what they call a "hothouse"
trajectory--warming of 4C or 5C (7F or 9F), "with serious challenges
for the viability of human societies."<br>
<br>
Jem Bendell, a professor at the University of Cumbria who
popularized the term deep adaptation, calls it a mix of physical
changes--pulling back from the coast, closing climate-exposed
industrial facilities, planning for food rationing, letting
landscapes return to their natural state--with cultural shifts,
including "giving up expectations for certain types of consumption"
and learning to rely more on the people around us.<br>
<br>
"The evidence before us suggests that we are set for disruptive and
uncontrollable levels of climate change, bringing starvation,
destruction, migration, disease and war," he wrote in a paper he
posted on his blog in July after an academic journal refused to
publish it. "We need to appreciate what kind of adaptation is
possible."<br>
<br>
<br>
A man collects firewood on a dried up-dam in Indonesia's West Java
province on Sept. 15, 2018.PHOTOGRAPHER: ANDREW LOTULUNG/GETTY
IMAGES<br>
It might be tempting to dismiss Bendell and Gosling as outliers. But
they're not alone in writing about the possibility of massive
political and social shocks from climate change and the need to
start preparing for those shocks. Since posting his paper, Bendell
says he's been contacted by more academics investigating the same
questions. A LinkedIn group titled "Deep Adaptation" includes
professors, government scientists, and investors.<br>
<br>
William Clark, a Harvard professor and former MacArthur Fellow who
edited the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences paper, is
among those who worry about what might come next. "We are right on
the bloody edge," he says.<br>
<br>
Clark argues that in addition to quickly and dramatically cutting
emissions, society should pursue a new scale of adaptation work.
Rather than simply asking people to water their lawns less often,
for example, governments need to consider large-scale, decades-long
infrastructure projects, such as transporting water to increasingly
arid regions and moving cities away from the ocean.<br>
<br>
"This is not your grandfather's adaptation," he says.<br>
<br>
Diana Liverman, a professor at the University of Arizona School of
Geography and Development and one of the authors of this summer's
paper, says adapting will mean "relocation or completely different
infrastructure and crops." She cites last year's book New York 2140,
in which the science fiction author Kim Stanley Robinson imagines
the city surviving under 50 feet of water, as "the extreme end of
adaptation."<br>
<br>
Relocating large numbers of homes away from the coast is perhaps the
most expensive item on that list. The U.S. Federal Emergency
Management Agency has spent $2.8 billion since 1989 to buy 40,000
homes in areas particularly prone to flooding, giving their owners
the chance to move somewhere safer. But if seas rose 3 feet, more
than 4 million Americans would have to move, according to a 2016
study in the journal Nature: Climate Change.<br>
<br>
"The government's going to have to spend more money to help relocate
people," says Rob Moore, a policy expert at the Natural Resources
Defense Council who specializes in flooding. The alternative, he
says, is "a completely unplanned migration of hundreds of thousands,
if not millions, of people in this country."<br>
<br>
Cameron Harrington, a professor of international relations at Durham
University in England and co-author of the 2017 book Security in the
Anthropocene, says adapting to widespread disruption will require
governments to avoid viewing climate change primarily as a security
threat. Instead, Harrington says, countries must find new ways to
manage problems that cross borders--for example, by sharing
increasingly scarce freshwater resources. "We can't raise border
walls high enough to prevent the effects of climate change," he
says.<br>
<br>
There are even more pessimistic takes. Guy McPherson, a professor
emeritus of natural resources at the University of Arizona, contends
climate change will cause civilization to collapse not long after
the summer Arctic ice cover disappears. He argues that could happen
as early as next year, sending global temperatures abruptly higher
and causing widespread food and fuel shortages within a year.<br>
<br>
Many academics are considerably less dire in their predictions.
Jesse Keenan, who teaches at the Harvard Graduate School of Design
and advises state governments on climate adaptation, says warnings
about social collapse are overblown. "I think for much of the world,
we will pick up the pieces," Keenan says. But he adds that the
prospect of climate-induced human extinction has only recently
become a widespread topic of academic discourse.<br>
<br>
Even mainstream researchers concede there's room for concern about
the effects of accelerating change on social stability. Solomon
Hsiang, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley who
studies the interplay between the environment and society, says it's
too soon to predict the pace of global warming. But he warns that
society could struggle to cope with rapid shifts in the climate.<br>
<br>
"If they are indeed dramatic and fast, there exists substantial
evidence that many human systems, including food production and
social stability more broadly, will be sharply and adversely
affected," Hsiang says.<br>
<br>
For Bendell, the question of when climate change might shake the
Western social order is less important than beginning to talk about
how to prepare for it. He acknowledges that his premise shares
something with the survivalist movement, which is likewise built on
the belief that some sort of social collapse is coming.<br>
<br>
But he says deep adaptation is different: It looks for ways to
mitigate the damage of that collapse. "The discussion I'm inviting
is about collective responses to reduce harm," he says, "rather than
how a few people could tough it out to survive longer than others."<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-26/new-climate-debate-how-to-adapt-to-the-end-of-the-world">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-26/new-climate-debate-how-to-adapt-to-the-end-of-the-world</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[Major legal strategy shift]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/09/25/necessity-defense-valve-turners-climate/">Trial
Will Test New Weapon Against Climate Change: Necessity Defense</a></b><br>
By Seamus McGraw<br>
No one--least of all the defendants--disputes the facts of the case
against four people known as valve-turners: activists who trespassed
on private property to shut down an oil pipeline in 2016. As their
otherwise straightforward case goes to trial in October, it's their
defense that has everyone's attention.<br>
- - - - <br>
Indeed, Regan said she was confident that she could provide evidence
not just that the climate peril posed by the tar sands oil in the
Enbridge pipeline was immediate, but that the specific actions taken
by the valve turners--not just in Minnesota but in all the states
where the activists acted--would have been a reasonable and
effective response. "I'm sure you're aware that the five pipelines
that were shut down were all pipelines carrying tar sands into the
United States," she said. "If all of that tar sands flow had
actually stopped and the pipeline companies had not been permitted
to restart those pipelines, then the action would have achieved the
15 percent reduction in carbon emissions that is required according
to scientists in order to regain control of the out-of-control
spiral that's currently going on in regards to carbon emissions."<br>
<br>
Whether that argument is compelling enough to persuade a jury in a
conservative county remains an open question. Regan said she is
optimistic. So is Kushner. Moderately. While the necessity defense
might find a more receptive audience in Hennepin or Ramsey counties
in the Minneapolis-St. Paul region, it could still work in
Clearwater. "Sometimes," Kushner said, "you get receptive views
from people that you wouldn't expect."...<br>
h<font size="-1">ttps://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2018/09/25/necessity-defense-valve-turners-climate/</font><br>
<br>
<br>
TUE SEP 25, 2018 / 4:34 AM EDT<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSL8N1WA33F">Love
in the time of climate change: Indian film with a new take on
romance</a></b><br>
Annie Banerji, Thomson Reuters Foundation<br>
BHUBANESWAR, India Sept 25 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Eschewing
the typical Bollywood storyline of young lovers facing family
opposition, an upcoming Indian film instead features a couple
battling climate change in order to be together.<br>
<br>
"Kokoli", which is the name of the female protagonist and also a
type of fish, tells a story of a fishing community facing the loss
of livelihoods and land as sea levels rise in the eastern state of
Odisha. It will be released in November.<br>
<br>
The Oriya-language film centres on Kokoli and her boyfriend, who
sets out to build a wall to keep towering waves from destroying and
uprooting his village - a task he must succeed at in order to win
her mother's approval.<br>
<br>
"Fishing is the only livelihood for them and the only skill they
know. They are victims of climate change," filmmaker Snehasis Das
told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.<br>
<br>
"Simultaneously, I focus on how love - a relationship - can be
disturbed due to calamities," said the 43-year-old. "It is a lot
about how they adapt to love and climate change. Their future hinges
on adaptation."<br>
<br>
With a nearly 500 km (300 mile) coastline, Odisha is home to many
coastal communities that depend on the sea.<br>
The state is also one of India's most vulnerable to the effects of
global warming, hit by rising sea levels, cyclones and floods, with
vast stretches of the shoreline being lost to erosion.<br>
<br>
In June, the state government warned in a report that fishermen's
catches could plummet with rising temperatures.<br>
India faces the most severe threat from climate change, followed by
Pakistan, the Philippines and Bangladesh, HSBC showed in a March
survey of 67 countries.<br>
<br>
Changing weather, along with more frequent droughts and heat waves,
will hurt agricultural output and food security in developing
nations such as India, according to studies by HSBC, the World Bank
and the World Health Organization.<br>
<br>
Climate change will also lead to water shortages and outbreaks of
water and mosquito-borne diseases such as diarrhea and malaria,
according to their research.<br>
"The effects (of climate change) creep up on you and many of these
communities know there is something brewing - more tides, water
reaching their huts - but don't see any immediate danger," said Das.<br>
<br>
"But they have to understand that they must start adapting now,
before it is too late, which is something I have touched upon in my
film."<br>
<br>
CHANGE MAKERS<br>
In order to appeal to a wide audience, Das also threw a song
sequence into the mix, like Bollywood does, but he said the main aim
is to get a message across to people.<br>
"A good way to do this is through a human angle that says, 'If this
is happening to them, it can happen to you too,' - to make it
relatable. And what is better than a love story? Everybody likes a
good love story."<br>
<br>
He urged Bollywood - the world's largest film industry - to steer
away from glitz and glamour and make some movies about climate
change, even if the prospects of producing blockbusters about such
subjects are slim.<br>
"Bollywood has the power to reach the masses so easily. And it can
be challenging weaving in a social message in a commercial film, but
it can be done," said Das, who has made about 15 documentaries and
several music videos on the topic.<br>
More than anyone else, Das hopes his film reaches the country's
youth who he says are "future change makers".<br>
<br>
"This problem is only going to snowball and the younger generation
can help, perhaps by dedicating some of their work to this cause and
create awareness," he said.<br>
<br>
"They are my target audience." (Reporting by Annie Banerji
@anniebanerji, Editing by Jared Ferrie ; Please credit the Thomson
Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters that
covers humanitarian issues, conflicts, land and property rights,
modern slavery and human trafficking, gender equality, climate
change and resilience. Visit news.trust.org to see more stories)<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSL8N1WA33F">https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSL8N1WA33F</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
[no longer just salt water]<br>
<b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://weather.com/news/news/2018-09-24-blue-mesa-reservoir-toxic-algae">Toxic
Algae Found in Colorado's Blue Mesa Reservoir</a></b><br>
By Ron Brackett<br>
The cyanotoxins are produced by blue-green algae blooms.<br>
The toxins can be harmful to humans and to animals.<br>
The National Park Service says it has found unsafe levels of
blue-green algae toxins in the Blue Mesa Reservoir.<br>
Testing determined that the concentration of cyanotoxins in the Iola
Basin section of the reservoir exceed safe exposure levels and could
be harmful to humans.<br>
Cyanotoxin levels rise when blue-green algae multiply rapidly and
form blooms, particularly in warm, shallow water. <br>
The Blue Mesa Reservoir is in the Curecanti National Recreation
Area, near Gunnison, Colorado.<br>
The park service said visitors should avoid any contact with shallow
and near-shore waters of the Iola Basin and should avoid unnecessary
exposure to reservoir water if fishing or boating. <br>
The park service said boating and fishing remain open throughout
Blue Mesa. It suggests that anglers clean caught fish in treated
water.<br>
Dogs and other animals should not drink from any portion of the Iola
Basin. The park also recommended that dogs not swim in or drink
reservoir water<br>
<font size="-1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://weather.com/news/news/2018-09-24-blue-mesa-reservoir-toxic-algae">https://weather.com/news/news/2018-09-24-blue-mesa-reservoir-toxic-algae</a></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b>This Day in Climate History - September 27, -
from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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