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<font size="+1"><i>April 4, 2019</i></font><br>
<br>
[9 AM Thursday morning streaming video]<br>
<b>Juliana v. United States youth plaintiff Aji Piper will testify
at the inaugural hearing of the House Select Committee on the
Climate Crisis</b>. <br>
The hearing is entitled: "Generation Climate: Young Leaders Urge
Climate Action Now." Aji was personally invited to testify by the
Select Committee, and will be one of three youth activists to
testify tomorrow, demonstrating the momentum that this youth-led
movement to secure fundamental constitutional climate rights has
gained over the past ten years.<br>
Representative Kathy Castor, Chair of the House Select Committee on
the Climate Crisis said in a statement:<br>
<blockquote>"This is the first generation to grow up seeing the
effects of the climate crisis in their own backyards. Now they're
demanding the opportunity to solve it. Climate change creates
generational scale injustices. It's a daunting challenge, but this
generation is ready to meet it."<br>
</blockquote>
The hearing will be available for livestream here at 9am EST/6am
PST.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86tkFbWgDEU&fbclid=IwAR2k0iW-neHntHnRXedU7gqWzH605_DtAuU4csUPSaosyteyYWTJdnhZ_IQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86tkFbWgDEU&fbclid=IwAR2k0iW-neHntHnRXedU7gqWzH605_DtAuU4csUPSaosyteyYWTJdnhZ_IQ</a><br>
Scheduled for Apr 4, 2019<br>
The House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis will hold its first
hearing on Thursday, April 4th. In contrast to a typical
Congressional hearing, the committee will hear from young leaders
who are urging policymakers to take climate action now and finally
address the climate crisis.<br>
Recorded testimony should be on the committee page<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://congress.gov/committees/video/house-select-committee-on-the-climate-crisis/hlcn00">https://congress.gov/committees/video/house-select-committee-on-the-climate-crisis/hlcn00</a><br>
twitter page <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://twitter.com/youthvgov">https://twitter.com/youthvgov</a><br>
Live video:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86tkFbWgDEU&fbclid=IwAR2k0iW-neHntHnRXedU7gqWzH605_DtAuU4csUPSaosyteyYWTJdnhZ_IQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86tkFbWgDEU&fbclid=IwAR2k0iW-neHntHnRXedU7gqWzH605_DtAuU4csUPSaosyteyYWTJdnhZ_IQ</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
[This is a warning not alarmism]<br>
<b>7 American cities that could disappear by 2100</b><br>
Rising sea levels threaten to submerge entire cities by 2100.<br>
The cities most vulnerable to flooding in the US are low-lying
coastal areas.<br>
If the worst projections of sea-level rise wind up being correct,
cities like Miami and New Orleans could find themselves underwater.<br>
No city is immune to the effects of a warming world, but a few are
more vulnerable than the rest.<br>
<br>
As sea levels continue to rise, low-lying coastal cities can expect
more devastating floods that ruin buildings, destroy infrastructure,
and claim lives.<br>
<br>
By conservative estimates, cities around the world could witness
more than 6 feet of flooding by the year 2100. The National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has predicted that sea levels
could rise by 10 to 12 feet if global emissions continue unabated.<br>
<b>1. New Orleans, Louisiana is already sinking...</b><br>
<b>2. In Miami, Florida, sea levels are rising faster than those in
other areas of the world...</b><br>
<b>3. Houston, Texas could be inundated by another storm like
Hurricane Harvey...</b><br>
<b>4. Most of Atlantic City, New Jersey was underwater during
Hurricane Sandy, but the next disaster could be worse...</b><br>
<b>5. Most neighborhoods in Charleston, South Carolina, could be
underwater by 2100...</b><br>
<b>6. One in six homes in Boston, Massachusetts could be flooded
regularly by the turn of the century...</b><br>
<b>7. Virginia Beach, Virginia is already witnessing one of the
fastest rates of sea-level rise on the East Coast...</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-cities-disappear-sea-level-rise-2100-2019-3">https://www.businessinsider.com/american-cities-disappear-sea-level-rise-2100-2019-3</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
[a nicely detailed report]<br>
<b>The Green New Deal is pushing climate change into the mainstream
media</b><br>
By Lisa Hymas on Apr 3, 2019<br>
Climate change coverage in much of the mainstream media was
abysmally low in 2018. It's been tilting upward in the first quarter
of 2019, thanks in large part to the Green New Deal. The ascending
trend is a positive development overall -- it's about time media
started paying more attention to the existential crisis of our time!
-- and yet some of the coverage has been weak, and some has been a
total mess.<br>
<br>
Climate change was pitifully undercovered last year<br>
<br>
Climate coverage in 2018 plunged 45 percent from 2017 levels on the
national broadcast TV networks, we at Media Matters found -- and
it's not like coverage in 2017 was anything to brag about. In 2018,
the major nightly news and Sunday morning political shows on the
national broadcast networks spent a combined total of just 142
minutes on climate change, and almost a third of that came from a
single climate-focused episode of Meet the Press on December 30.<br>
<br>
Without that one show, 2018's coverage would have fallen 64 percent
from the previous year -- an astonishing decline when you consider
the horrific extreme weather last year, the harrowing climate
science reports released by the United Nations and 13 U.S.
government agencies, the Trump administration's ongoing assault on
climate protections, and the ever-increasing urgency of the climate
crisis.<br>
<br>
Analyses of other media trends in 2018 also pinpointed shortcomings.
The watchdog group Public Citizen examined coverage of extreme
weather events in a number of U.S. newspapers, online sources, and
cable and broadcast TV networks last year and found that "the
proportion of pieces that mentioned climate change was
disappointingly low." Just 7 percent of stories about hurricanes
incorporated climate change, while the figures were higher for other
kinds of weather disasters -- but still not as high as we need them
to be.<br>
<br>
Many of the journalists who served as moderators in 2018 midterm
election debates neglected climate change too (just as they had in
2016). Only 29 percent of key debates last year in competitive
Senate and gubernatorial races included a question about climate
change.<br>
<br>
But the 2018 election ultimately triggered a change in climate
coverage and in the broader national conversation about the need for
climate action -- because it brought us AOC.<br>
<br>
Hey, look: The media is paying a little more attention to climate
change this year<br>
<br>
President Donald Trump drove climate coverage (or the lack of it,
rather) in the last couple of years, but so far in 2019,
Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a Democrat from New York,
has taken over the driver's seat.<br>
<br>
When she and Senator Ed Markey, a Democrat from Massachusetts,
introduced their Green New Deal resolution on February 7, they
kicked off a firestorm of climate coverage. Whether you love the
Green New Deal, hate it, or want to quibble over its specifics, you
can't deny that it's spurring more discussion of climate policy than
the U.S. has ever seen.<br>
<br>
The Green New Deal inspired the Washington Post to dedicate five
consecutive days of editorials to substantive discussion of a
comprehensive climate plan (handily compiled into one online piece).
It got the major Sunday morning political shows talking about
climate change with more fervor than they did during most of last
year. It prompted an unusual amount of prime-time cable climate
coverage. It sparked MSNBC's Chris Hayes to host a special event
with Ocasio-Cortez -- after he said last year that climate coverage
was a "palpable ratings killer." And it propelled young Americans to
march in the streets and confront their senators, thereby pushing
their messages into the press.<br>
<br>
The Green New Deal has even spurred a handful of Republican members
of Congress to cough up some of their own milquetoast ideas for
addressing aspects of the climate crisis -- like Senator Lamar
Alexander from Tennessee, who went on NPR's All Things Considered to
tout his climate plan, and Representative Matt Gaetz from Florida,
who gave an interview to Vice to promote his.<br>
<br>
Presidential hopeful Jay Inslee, the Democratic governor of
Washington state, is helping too by making climate change the
central issue in his campaign and discussing it on ABC's This Week,
CNN's State of the Nation, and even Fox & Friends, Trump's
favorite show. The other Democratic presidential candidates are also
talking about climate change and the Green New Deal.<br>
So the quantity of coverage is up, but how about the quality?<br>
<br>
Some of the climate coverage we've seen so far this year been
informative and constructive. See: the Washington Post's editorial
series and Chris Hayes' AOC special. Some of it has been
superficial. See: TV talking heads. And some of it has been a mess
of lies, mockery, and fearmongering. See: Almost everything on Fox
News.<br>
<br>
When the major networks' Sunday morning political shows discussed
the Green New Deal the weekend after the resolution was unveiled,
"most of the discussion was superficial and narrowly focused on
whether the Green New Deal will cause intra-party fighting among
Democrats or end up benefiting Republicans, not on whether its
policy ideas are good approaches for fighting climate change," as
Media Matters' Evlondo Cooper pointed out.<br>
<br>
Carlos Maza at Vox looked at a broader selection of TV coverage and
found the same thing, as he described in a video:<br>
<br>
I have watched hours of segments about the Green New Deal and none
of them actually explained how it might work. Instead, they focus on
the politics. Is it gonna pass? Does Pelosi like it? What did Trump
tweet about it? Everything except: Is it a good idea?<br>
This kind of narrow, horse race-style coverage of policy proposals
is one of the climate-coverage pitfalls we need to be on the watch
for in 2019.<br>
<br>
Another problem is that some coverage of the Green New Deal doesn't
even mention climate change. More than half of Fox News' segments on
the plan in the days after it was released didn't include any
discussion of climate change. Fox personalities and guests often
talked about the proposal as though it were a pointless scheme to
oppress the masses, not a plan to address a major looming threat.
CNN and MSNBC weren't nearly that bad, of course, but they also ran
segments that failed to bring up climate change and often discussed
the Green New Deal as a political football.<br>
<br>
One of the biggest problems with coverage of the Green New Deal is
that there's a lot more of it on Fox and other right-wing outlets
than on mainstream and left-leaning outlets -- and in many cases,
Fox and its ilk are straight-up lying. Fox aired more than three
times as many segments about the Green New Deal from February 7 to
11 as did CNN and MSNBC combined. With their heavy coverage and
repetition of misinformation -- like completely bogus claims about
sky-high costs -- right-wing media are distorting the national
dialogue just as it's getting going.<br>
<br>
Sean McElwee of the progressive think tank Data for Progress
explained how this is playing out in a recent New York Times op-ed:<br>
<br>
According to data shared with The Times from Navigator, a
progressive polling project, 37 percent of Republican viewers of Fox
News had heard "a lot" about the Green New Deal, compared with 14
percent of all registered voters.<br>
…<br>
When asked simply, "Based on what you know, do you support or oppose
the Green New Deal?," 22 percent of respondents are in support, 29
percent are opposed and 49 percent are not sure. But 74 percent of
Fox-viewing Republicans oppose the Green New Deal (65 percent
strongly), and only 21 percent have not formed an opinion.<br>
<br>
He concludes that "the Republican propaganda machine has already
reshaped the narrative."<br>
<br>
We don't expect Fox to improve (some news outlets are beyond
redemption), but mainstream and progressive news organizations can
do better. They need to cover the Green New Deal and climate change
more often, to provide a counterweight to the bunk coming from the
right. And they should cover it not as a political story (who "won"
the day when Mitch McConnell held a stunt vote on the Green New
Deal?), but with substantive reporting and discussion about how to
implement climate policies that are fair, effective, and
commensurate with the enormous size of the problem.<br>
Lisa Hymas is director of the climate and energy program at Media
Matters for America. She was previously a senior editor at Grist.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://grist.org/article/the-green-new-deal-is-pushing-climate-change-into-the-mainstream-media/">https://grist.org/article/the-green-new-deal-is-pushing-climate-change-into-the-mainstream-media/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[The Association for the Study of Literature and Environment (ASLE)]<br>
<b>Ecomedia in the Anthropocene</b><br>
ASLE 2018 Symposium Collection<br>
A troubling paradox lies at the heart of ecomedia studies: those of
us who study and teach about the intersection of ecological issues
and non-print media also recognize that the production, consumption,
and circulation of media texts take a massive toll on the Earth's
environment, an issue well documented by media scholars. In other
words, as ecomedia scholars and environmental filmmakers, we must
admit that our own media production, consumption, and research
practices -- which are felt disproportionately across communities
and cultures -- make us complicit in the ever-escalating global
environmental crisis. Yet if we are to better understand the vital
role that film and media play in reflecting, responding to, and
shaping public attitudes about the relationships between the human
and non-human worlds, as well as different human communities, we
must embrace this paradox. This special collection from
Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment explores
this challenge in conjunction with The Association for the Study of
Literature and Environment's first ever virtual symposium.<br>
<br>
Academic Values: Why Environmentalists Loathe the Media<br>
by John Parham<br>
<br>
Ecocinema Theory and Practice<br>
review by Nicole Seymour<br>
<br>
Ecohorror Special Cluster: "Living in Fear, Living in Dread, Pretty
Soon We'll All Be Dead" <br>
by Stephen A. Rust & Carter Soles<br>
<br>
Encountering the Sahara: Embodiment, Emotion, and Material Agency in
Paul Bowles's The Sheltering Sky <br>
by Alexa Weik von Mossner<br>
<br>
Enviro-Toons: Green Themes in Animated Cinema and Television<br>
review by Stephen Rust<br>
<br>
Framing the World: Explorations in Ecocriticism and Film<br>
review by Nicole Seymour<br>
<br>
Monstrous Natures Within: Posthuman and New Materialist Ecohorror in
Mira Grant's Parasite<br>
by Christy Tidwell<br>
<br>
Regarding Things in Nashville and The Exterminating Angel: Another
Path for Eco-Film Criticism<br>
by Adam O'Brien<br>
<br>
That's All Folks?: Ecocritical Readings of American Animated
Features<br>
review by Paula Willoquet-Maricondi<br>
<br>
Virtually There: "Aesthetic Pleasure of the First Order," Ecomedia,
Activist Engagement<br>
by Simon C. Estok<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://academic.oup.com/isle/pages/ecomedia_in_the_anthropocene">https://academic.oup.com/isle/pages/ecomedia_in_the_anthropocene</a><br>
- - -<br>
[June 26-30]<br>
[BIENNIAL CONFERENCE]<br>
<b>2019 ASLE Conference- "Paradise on Fire"</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://conferences.ucdavis.edu/asle">http://conferences.ucdavis.edu/asle</a>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.asle.org/conference/biennial-conference/">https://www.asle.org/conference/biennial-conference/</a>
<p><br>
</p>
[CBC video Climate Changing Climate Report]<br>
<b>The National for April 1, 2019 - Climate Change Report, Carbon
Tax, Brexit</b><br>
CBC News: The National<br>
Published on Apr 1, 2019<br>
Welcome to The National, the flagship nightly newscast of CBC News<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/n7H_4oxsEP4?t=59">https://youtu.be/n7H_4oxsEP4?t=59</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Wise Woman speaks]<br>
<b>Climate change denial is evil, says Mary Robinson</b><br>
Exclusive: chair of Elders group also says fossil fuel firms have
lost their social license<br>
<br>
The denial of climate change is not just ignorant, but "malign and
evil", according to Mary Robinson, because it denies the human
rights of the most vulnerable people on the planet.<br>
<br>
The former UN high commissioner for human rights and special envoy
for climate change also says fossil fuel companies have lost their
social licence to explore for more coal, oil and gas and must switch
to become part of the transition to clean energy.<br>
Robinson will make the outspoken attack on Tuesday, in a speech to
the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew in London, which has awarded her
the Kew International Medal for her "integral work on climate
justice".<br>
<br>
She also told the Guardian she supports climate protests, including
the school strikes for climate founded by "superstar" Greta
Thunberg, and that "there is room for civil disobedience as a way of
communicating, though we also need hope".<br>
<br>
Robinson is chair of the Elders, an independent group of global
leaders founded by Nelson Mandela that works for human rights. She
will say in her speech: "I believe that climate change denial is not
just ignorant, it is malign, it is evil, and it amounts to an
attempt to deny human rights to some of the most vulnerable people
on the planet."<br>
<br>
"The evidence about the effects of climate change is
incontrovertible, and the moral case for urgent action
indisputable," she will say.<br>
<br>
"Climate change undermines the enjoyment of the full range of human
rights - from the right to life, to food, to shelter and to health.
It is an injustice that the people who have contributed least to the
causes of the problem suffer the worst impacts of climate change."<br>
Robinson, a former president of the Republic of Ireland, told the
Guardian her angry words were the result of seeing the impact on
people's lives. "In Africa, I saw the devastating impacts on poor
farmers, villagers and communities when they could not predict when
the rainy season was going to come."<br>
<br>
She also attacks big oil, gas and coal companies in her speech. She
is expected to say: "We have entered a new reality where fossil fuel
companies have lost their legitimacy and social licence to operate."
She says exploration for new reserves must end, given that most of
existing reserves must be kept in the ground if global warming is to
be tackled.<br>
<br>
Robinson condemns the UK government for the £4.8bn support given by
its export finance body for fossil fuels from 2010-16. "It stirs
painful memories of past exploitative behaviour to see the UK and
other rich, industrialised countries proclaim their good intentions
and act in a progressive way at home, whilst effectively exporting
their emissions to poorer foreign countries and leaving them to pay
the price socially and environmentally."<br>
<br>
The US president, Donald Trump, is also criticised by Robinson for
his "egregious act of climate irresponsibility" in withdrawing from
the Paris climate agreement. "Bad leadership has consequences now
that are really bad for the people in the poorest communities,
including in the US," she told the Guardian.<br>
Robinson says as well as taking personal action - she has given up
meat - people need to get angry with those who have more power and
are not meeting their responsibilities, saying: "Just as the
suffragettes needed to embrace militant tactics to win the fight for
female emancipation, so today we need to be fiercely determined to
challenge vested interests, especially in the fossil fuel sector."<br>
<br>
There have been several strong attacks on climate change denial in
recent months, with critics saying that proposals in the US for a
new national security council panel of climate change deniers are
"Stalinist".<br>
<br>
In November, the New York Times columnist Paul Krugman said:
"Smoking kills people, and tobacco companies that tried to confuse
the public about that reality were being evil. But climate change
isn't just killing people; it may well kill civilisation. Trying to
confuse the public about that is evil on a whole different level.
Don't some of these people have children?"<br>
<br>
The BBC accepted in September it gets coverage of climate change
"wrong too often" and told staff: "You do not need a 'denier' to
balance the debate."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/26/climate-change-denial-is-evil-says-mary-robinson">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/26/climate-change-denial-is-evil-says-mary-robinson</a><br>
<p> <br>
</p>
<br>
[Forbes delivers strong opinion]<br>
<b>Climate Change And The De-Industrial Revolution</b><br>
Erik Kobayashi-Solomon - Contributor<br>
- - <br>
Climate change will necessitate a drastic modification in the
technologies we use and in the very structure of our society. The
closest parallel I could call to mind for the process on the verge
of which we find ourselves today was the drastic changes that
occurred in the mid-19th century as a result of the Industrial
Revolution.<br>
<br>
The Industrial Revolution radically reshaped society by
concentrating the means of production in specific geographical
areas.<br>
- - -<br>
As the summers become hotter, the soil drier, and flooding more
common - all effects presently observed and forecast to worsen as
climatic change becomes more extreme - I believe we will see the
model of the centralized scale-based farm also break down in
disastrous ways similar to the way in which PG&E's centralized
power generation model failed.<br>
<br>
As this begins to happen - slowly at first and gaining speed and
momentum as the years pass - humans will begin to look for local
solutions. Strawberries grown at local vertical farms will more than
compete with those flown in from Argentina or shipped overland from
Southern California. Community mini-grids will be looking to connect
to grids only for catastrophic risk control and for a place to dump
any energy that has been produced locally in excess of local storage
capacity.<br>
<br>
Whereas the Industrial Revolution radically reshaped society by
concentrating resources, the Climate Change Revolution will
radically reshape society by distributing them.<br>
<b>In effect, our civilization will need to reverse out the trends
of the last two centuries of economic development. </b>[my bold]<br>
<br>
This process is likely to be painful for those operating according
to the prior paradigm in the same way that investors in buggy whips
were disappointed with the results of their investments early in the
20th century.<br>
<br>
For those who have the foresight to Invest In Reality, however, the
ongoing and intensifying paradigm shift will be a time during which
great fortunes - the types of fortunes that persist through
generations - will be made.<br>
<br>
Intelligent Investors take note.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkobayashisolomon/2019/03/29/climate-change-and-the-de-industrial-revolution/#6f8a83cb6587">https://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkobayashisolomon/2019/03/29/climate-change-and-the-de-industrial-revolution/#6f8a83cb6587</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[cryo-geography sedimentology ]<br>
<b>Climate change: Drilling in 'Iceberg Alley'</b><br>
By Jonathan Amos<br>
BBC Science Correspondent<br>
It sounds a bit like sitting in the middle of the road when there's
a queue of juggernauts coming straight at you.<br>
<br>
This is a little overplayed but it's kind of what an international
group of scientists has just set out to do.<br>
<br>
The researchers want to position themselves in the centre of
"Iceberg Alley" off the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and drill
into the seafloor.<br>
<br>
Huge blocks of ice are likely to come drifting by in the process.<br>
<br>
It's hoped the sediments the researchers recover will tell us
something of how the White Continent has changed in the past and how
its kilometres-thick ice sheet might react in the future in what's
projected to be a much warmer world.<br>
<br>
Expedition 382 of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP)
left Punta Arenas in Chile on Monday. Using the drill ship, the
Joides Resolution (JR), the team will core a number of seafloor
locations right in the middle of Iceberg Alley.<br>
<br>
The scientists are looking for the "rafted debris" that's been
dropped by giant bergs as they head north from the Peninsula towards
the South Atlantic.<br>
<br>
This detritus of dust, dirt, and rock was originally scraped off the
continent by the ice when it was part of a glacier, before it broke
away to become an iceberg.<br>
<br>
And through the wonder of modern geochemistry, it's possible to date
this material and even to tie it to specific locations in
Antarctica.<br>
The really helpful thing from the scientists' point of view is that
they only need go to the alley to get a very broad view of past
Antarctic behaviour.<br>
<br>
It works like this: Bergs when they calve will bump anti-clockwise
around the coast in the direction taken by near-shore currents. But
when they reach the Peninsula - that's when they encounter the big
clockwise flow of water known as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.<br>
The bergs are then entrained and head north.<br>
<br>
And just standing in the middle of this busy highway, as the JR now
intends to do, means you get to sample the widest range of material
dropped from historical bergs on their slow drift up into the South
Atlantic.<br>
<br>
In very simple terms: the more ice blocks that passed through the
alley in any particular period in the past, the more unstable the
Antarctic was likely to have been during that time.<br>
<br>
In other words, the thickest layers of dropped stones and dust
deposited on the ocean floor should relate to the warmest phases of
ancient Antarctica.<br>
<br>
There's quite a bit of oversimplification in this story, not least
the recognition that the alley is dominated by bergs from the East
of the continent - but the general picture holds.<br>
The JR expects to pull up hundreds of metres of sediment core
covering the past 20 million years.<br>
<br>
"A key interval of interest will be the Late Pliocene Warm Period
(about 3-4 million years ago)," said expedition co-lead investigator
Prof Maureen Raymo from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of
Columbia University, US.<br>
<br>
"This was when carbon dioxide was 400 parts per million (ppm) in the
atmosphere - approximately similar to what it is today. I've spent a
lot of time trying to work out what global sea-level was doing at
that time because obviously that would speak directly to the
question of whether East Antarctica loses mass or gains mass in a
slightly warmer climate." The latter is possible if a warmer
atmosphere triggers more snowfall.<br>
Another period of keen interest is that of the Early Pleistocene -
from 2.5 million to 800,000 years ago. It's a phase in Earth history
when Ice Ages on the planet are known to have come and gone on
roughly 41,000-year cycles.<br>
<br>
This had something to do with the shifting nature of the Earth's
orbit around the Sun, but has yet to be fully explained.<br>
<br>
"I've proposed that Antarctica didn't transition to the ice sheet we
see today until about 800,000 years ago, and prior to that there
were maybe many sectors of the ice sheet that looked like modern
Greenland with the ice margin on land," Prof Raymo told BBC News.
Today's Antarctica has its glaciers terminating in the sea.<br>
<br>
"We'll definitely get sediments from this time," she added.<br>
If the current cruise is focussed on past behaviour in East
Antarctica, a complementary drilling effort should fill in much of
the narrative in the West of the continent.<br>
<br>
The JR has only recently finished drilling sediment cores in the
Amundsen Sea area.<br>
<br>
IODP Expedition 379 cored to a depth of 800m, which likely gets back
to the Late Miocene, or about 6 million year ago.<br>
<br>
"This is the sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet - more than any other
area - that is changing before our eyes," explained 379's co chief
scientist, Dr Julia Wellner from the University of Houston.<br>
<br>
"While we have some ideas on why this is happening, it's not well
understood yet; we've only been watching it for a few decades.<br>
<br>
"So that's why we need these longer-term records, to get a real
insight on what's occurring now and how things could change in the
future.<br>
<br>
"But it's not easy. There were times on our cruise when we thought
we were in Iceberg Alley because there were so many bergs about, and
every time one approaches you have to abandon your hole, wait for
the berg to pass, and then return to resume drilling."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47711600">https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47711600</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1"><b>This Day in Climate History - April 4, 2002 -
from D.R. Tucker</b></font><br>
April 4, 2002: The New York Times reports:<br>
<blockquote>"President Bush signed an executive order last year that
closely resembles a written recommendation given to the
administration two months earlier by the American Gas Association,
according to documents released by the Bush administration.<br>
"The executive order called for the creation of an interagency
energy task force to accelerate the time it takes for government
agencies to review corporations' applications for permits for
energy-related projects, like power plants and the exploration of
oil and natural gas on public lands. Mr. Bush signed the order
last May.<br>
"The language in Mr. Bush's executive order is similar to a
passage in a proposed energy bill sent in March 2001 to the Energy
Department by officials at the American Gas Association, the trade
group that represents large natural gas companies and has given
more than $500,000 to the Republican Party since 1999."<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/04/politics/04ENER.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/04/politics/04ENER.html</a><br>
</blockquote>
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