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<i><font size="+1"><b>June 5, 2020</b></font></i><br>
<br>
[unstoppable rise]<br>
<b>Atmospheric CO2 levels rise sharply despite Covid-19 lockdowns</b><br>
Scientists find coronavirus crisis has had little impact on overall
concentration trend<br>
Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have risen strongly to a new
peak this year, despite the impact of the global effects of the
coronavirus crisis.<br>
<br>
The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere reached 417.2 parts per
million in May, 2.4ppm higher than the peak of 414.8ppm in 2019,
according to readings from the Mauna Loa observatory in the US.<br>
<br>
Without worldwide lockdowns intended to slow the spread of Covid-19,
the rise might have reached 2.8ppm, according to Ralph Keeling, a
professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He said it was
likely they had played a small role, but that the difference was too
small to show up against other factors causing year-to-year
fluctuations...<br>
- - -<br>
Environmental campaigners said the continued rise in emissions
showed how urgently a green recovery from Covid-19 crisis was
needed.<br>
<br>
John Sauven, the executive director of Greenpeace UK, called on the
British government to do more as hosts of the next UN climate talks,
Cop26, now postponed until 2021. "Just a few months of lower
emissions were never likely to make a dent in the hundreds of
billions tonnes of carbon that have built up over a century and a
half of burning fossil fuels," he said.<br>
<br>
"That's why the drop in emissions caused by the pandemic will remain
just a blip unless governments get serious about building a cleaner,
healthier and safer world."<br>
<br>
Muna Suleiman, a campaigner at Friends of the Earth, said: " It's
clear that climate breakdown isn't a distant idea, it's here right
now, and we have to treat it like the emergency it is."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jun/04/atmospheric-co2-levels-rise-sharply-despite-covid-19-lockdowns">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jun/04/atmospheric-co2-levels-rise-sharply-despite-covid-19-lockdowns</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
[New book wellness]<br>
<b>Distressed by recent turmoil? New book offers coping tips based
on your 'reactor type.'</b><br>
By Lise Van Susteren and Stacey Colino <br>
In these turbulent times, many people feel like they're struggling
to stabilize their moods from a kind of ongoing emotional whiplash.
They may feel uncharacteristically anxious or agitated, worried or
withdrawn, sad or despondent, hyper-reactive to or outraged about
continuously disturbing events. In our new book, we call this
emotional inflammation. It's a state that shares some of the same
symptoms as post-traumatic stress disorder (with disturbing or
intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, grief, sleep problems), but that
stems from simply living in today's tumultuous world... <br>
- - <br>
To restore your emotional equilibrium: Slow down and prioritize your
actions, based on how or where you can be particularly effective.
Exercising your critical thinking skills -- such as questioning the
veracity of the information you're hearing before deciding whether
to act on it -- will also help you avoid spinning your wheels.
Schedule downtime: Take a walk in nature to absorb the sounds,
scents and sights and other soothing effects. Immerse yourself in a
hobby, listen to or make music; read books that capture your
imagination. Research has found that greater participation in
enjoyable leisure activities is associated with lower blood
pressure, more positive moods, a greater sense of calm and a
buffering effect against the negative psychological impact of
stress...<br>
- - -<br>
<b>Tips for all types of reactors</b><br>
Every reactor type can benefit emotionally from taking steps to help
others. Research has found that volunteering enhances your emotional
well-being and your sense of engagement and competence. It also puts
us on the road to moving from being a bystander, someone who simply
watches harm or injustices happen, to becoming an upstander, someone
who, after recognizing that something is wrong, speaks up or stands
up to work to make it right. Taking empowering action to change
things moves us from feeling vulnerable and victimized to feeling
strong, capable and resilient -- a potent antidote to emotional
inflammation.<br>
<br>
Also, remember that when you have an emotional reaction to
something, the stress hormone cortisol is released by the brain and
puts the body on high alert. But this surge lasts for only 90
seconds, according to neuroscientist Jill Bolte Taylor. After that,
any lingering emotional response stems from your choosing,
consciously or not, to stay in that emotional loop. So keep an eye
on the clock! Let the emotion surge through you for 90 seconds then
consciously release it from your mind and refocus your attention.
Your emotions will naturally dissipate.<br>
<br>
When you take these steps to restore your emotional equilibrium,
you'll be able to better cope with the challenges of our tumultuous
world. And you'll reclaim a greater sense of calm, purpose and
connection to others.<br>
<br>
Lise Van Susteren is a psychiatrist in Washington, D.C. Stacey
Colino is a writer in Chevy Chase, Md., specializing in health and
psychology. They are the co-authors of "Emotional Inflammation:
Discover Your Triggers and Reclaim Your Equilibrium During Anxious
Times" (Sounds True, April 2020). <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/distressed-by-recent-turmoil-new-book-offers-coping-tips-based-on-your-reactor-type/2020/06/02/5e095f70-a44c-11ea-b619-3f9133bbb482_story.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/distressed-by-recent-turmoil-new-book-offers-coping-tips-based-on-your-reactor-type/2020/06/02/5e095f70-a44c-11ea-b619-3f9133bbb482_story.html</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[We know]<br>
<b>Racism, Police Violence, and the Climate Are Not Separate Issues</b><br>
By Bill McKibben<br>
June 4, 2020<br>
"Having a racist and violent police force in your neighborhood is a
lot like having a pollution-emitting factory in your neighborhood."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/racism-police-violence-and-the-climate-are-not-separate-issues">https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-a-warming-planet/racism-police-violence-and-the-climate-are-not-separate-issues</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Beckwith talks on ice science]<br>
<b>Our Trajectory Towards a Seasonally Ice-Free Arctic Ocean: Part 1
of 3</b><br>
Jun 4, 2020<br>
Paul Beckwith<br>
When will Arctic sea-ice vanish? In this 1st of 3 videos of findings
from a review paper, I delve into details. Importantly, sea ice
coverage loss (area and extent) have a deterministic component
arising primarily from future greenhouse gas emissions. There is
roughly 3 square meters of September ice loss per ton of CO2
emissions; or a loss of 4 million square km per degree C rise in
global temperature; or a cumulative emission amount of 800 Gt (20
years). There is also an internal variability (chaotic) component of
1 million square km (or 300 Gt or 7.5 years). Thus, no summer sea
ice within 12.5 to 27.5 years. I expect sooner myself.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPqslr0G0MA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPqslr0G0MA</a><br>
- -<br>
<b>Our Trajectory Towards a Seasonally Ice-Free Arctic Ocean: Part 2
of 3</b><br>
Jun 4, 2020<br>
In this 2nd of 3 videos, I delve into the question of when Arctic
summer sea ice will vanish. In the past few decades summer area has
dropped in half; thickness also by half; this volume (area x
thickness) is down to only a quarter left. When will that last
quarter vanish? Analysis to answer must consider both strengths and
weakness of satellite observation and the latest most complex
computer simulation modelling. External forcing changes (greenhouse
gas emissions, atmospheric CO2 concentration, global temperature);
internal variability changes (chaotic); and feedbacks must all be
utilized and weighed.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNlJAQViYS0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNlJAQViYS0</a><br>
- -<br>
<b>Our Trajectory Towards a Seasonally Ice-Free Arctic Ocean: Part 3
of 3</b><br>
Jun 4, 2020<br>
In this 3rd of 3 videos, I analyze when summer Arctic sea ice will
vanish. Interestingly, rather than analyze sea ice coverage curves
over time, here one uses sensitivity of ice coverage to Global Mean
Surface Temperature and cumulative CO2 emissions. Ever wonder why
ice coverage is lasting so long given the staggering record low in
2012? Summer feedbacks are mostly accelerating, but there are 3
braking winter feedbacks. Winter ice forms faster over open water
with no ice; thin ice thickens much faster than thick ice; and
delayed ice onset in fall means less snow covers the ice; all 3
factors preserve Arctic sea-ice. <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8pg260DENs">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8pg260DENs</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Revkin's Zoom meeting]<br>
<b>No Talking Heads! Unbroken Circle Song and Story Swap</b><br>
Streamed live on May 24, 2020<br>
Andrew Revkin<br>
DESCRIPTION: Every Sunday, musicians, poets, artists and others from
around the world connect from a distance via the Unbroken Circle
segment of the Earth Institute's Sustain What webcast. Join us! <br>
If you want to contribute a tune or reading, contact Andy Revkin: <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:Andrew.revkin@columbia.edu">Andrew.revkin@columbia.edu</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVI1rROsbFQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVI1rROsbFQ</a><br>
Gui Becker's song at 1.17- Cataclysmic Chaos <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/lVI1rROsbFQ?t=4667">https://youtu.be/lVI1rROsbFQ?t=4667</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[does activism work - yes, somewhat]<br>
<b>Study Says "Extreme" Protest Isn't Popular (But It Can Still Be
Effective)</b><br>
video - <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRjPzsZ0cWQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRjPzsZ0cWQ</a><br>
transcript -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://skepchick.org/2020/06/study-says-extreme-protest-isnt-popular-but-it-can-still-be-effective/">https://skepchick.org/2020/06/study-says-extreme-protest-isnt-popular-but-it-can-still-be-effective/</a><br>
- -<br>
[recent research]<br>
<b>The activist's dilemma: Extreme protest actions reduce popular
support for social movements.</b><br>
Citation<br>
Feinberg, M., Willer, R., & Kovacheff, C. (2020). The activist's
dilemma: Extreme protest actions reduce popular support for social
movements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Advance
online publication. <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000230">https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000230</a><br>
Abstract<br>
How do protest actions impact public support for social movements?
Here we test the claim that extreme protest actions--protest
behaviors perceived to be harmful to others, highly disruptive, or
both--typically reduce support for social movements. Across 6
experiments, including 3 that were preregistered, participants
indicated less support for social movements that used more extreme
protest actions. This result obtained across a variety of movements
(e.g., animal rights, anti-Trump, anti-abortion) and extreme protest
actions (e.g., blocking highways, vandalizing property). Further, in
5 of 6 studies, negative reactions to extreme protest actions also
led participants to support the movement's central cause less, and
these effects were largely independent of individuals' prior
ideology or views on the issue. In all studies we found effects were
driven by diminished social identification with the movement. In
Studies 4-6, serial mediation analyses detailed a more in-depth
model: observers viewed extreme protest actions to be immoral,
reducing observers' emotional connection to the movement and, in
turn, reducing identification with and support for the movement.
Taken together with prior research showing that extreme protest
actions can be effective for applying pressure to institutions and
raising awareness of movements, these findings suggest an activist's
dilemma, in which the same protest actions that may offer certain
benefits are also likely to undermine popular support for social
movements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights
reserved)<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-02398-001">https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-02398-001</a>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[MAP]<br>
<b>Pan-arctic Circumpolar Off-grid Settlements (2016)</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://nnsl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0704EnergySecuritiy__.jpg?_gl=1*1klg9g2*_ga*YW1wLTlrdG0zMHpyaTFTMVBxZnFLTnNDbUE">https://nnsl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/0704EnergySecuritiy__.jpg?_gl=1*1klg9g2*_ga*YW1wLTlrdG0zMHpyaTFTMVBxZnFLTnNDbUE</a>.<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>[Climate Lab Book posted a new item]<br>
<b>Sensitivity of historical climate simulations to uncertain
aerosol forcing</b><br>
May 28, 2020 <br>
Earth's climate has warmed by approximately 0.85 degrees over the
period from 1880 to 2012 [IPCC, 2013] due to anthropogenic
emissions of greenhouse gases. However, the rate of warming
throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has not
been uniform, with periods of accelerated warming and cooling.<br>
<br>
Guest post by Andrea Dittus<br>
<br>
A key player in determining the historical evolution of global
temperatures besides greenhouse gases are anthropogenic aerosols.
Aerosols are airborne particles that scatter or absorb incoming
solar radiation, and affect cloud properties, therefore altering
the surface energy budget. Different aerosol species have
different properties and climate impacts, but perhaps the most
important aerosols in the context of global climate variability
are sulphate aerosols, which account for a large proportion of
anthropogenic aerosol. As a scattering aerosol, sulphate has a
cooling effect on global climate and has partially offset some of
the warming induced by emissions of greenhouse gases. Although we
know that aerosols play an important role for global climate, the
magnitude of historical aerosol forcing remains very uncertain.<br>
<br>
In a recently published study, we analyse how varying
anthropogenic aerosol emissions in a novel ensemble of climate
model simulations with a development version of HadGEM3-GC3.1
affects the simulated evolution of global mean surface
temperatures during the period from the 1850s to near present-day.<br>
<br>
The evolution of sulphate aerosol emissions, radiative forcing,
global temperature and Arctic sea ice extent in the large
ensemble, with different colours representing different scaling
for historical aerosol emissions.<br>
Five ensemble members are run for each of five scaling factors
applied to anthropogenic aerosol emissions to sample a wide range
of the uncertainty in historical aerosol forcing and account for
internal variability in the climate system. We find that the
magnitude of anthropogenic aerosol forcing affects global
temperatures as early as the 1900s onwards, and the 1950-1980
period is particularly sensitive to the magnitude of aerosol
forcing. This is expected, as this period corresponds to a period
of rapid growth in aerosol emissions over Europe, North America
and Asia.<br>
<br>
From 1980 onwards, global temperature trends are less sensitive to
changes in aerosol forcing, as declining aerosol emissions over
North America and Europe are compensated by continued increases
over Asia. The most important driver of simulated temperature
trends in this period is forcing from greenhouse gases.<br>
<br>
In this climate model, simulations with present-day aerosol
forcing more negative than around -1 W/m2 are found to cool more
in the mid-twentieth century than observed and agreement with
observed trends is improved for simulations with weaker aerosol
forcing. All ensemble members warm more rapidly than observations
suggest for the period 1980-2014 regardless of aerosol scaling,
which is likely related to the high sensitivity to greenhouse
gases common to many climate models of this generation. Going
forward, we hope these simulations will help us better understand
how historical aerosol forcing has shaped climate variability in
the twentieth and early twenty-first century beyond global
temperatures.<br>
<br>
About Ed Hawkins<br>
Climate scientist in the National Centre for Atmospheric Science
(NCAS) at the University of Reading. IPCC AR5 Contributing Author.
Can be found on twitter too: @ed_hawkins <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2020/sensitivity-of-historical-climate-simulations-to-uncertain-aerosol-forcing/">http://www.climate-lab-book.ac.uk/2020/sensitivity-of-historical-climate-simulations-to-uncertain-aerosol-forcing/</a><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[may be GM propaganda]<br>
<b>Chile advances in breeding gene-edited crops that weather climate
change</b><br>
BY DANIEL NORERO<br>
MAY 29, 2020<br>
After playing a key role in global genetically modified (GM) seed
production for two decades, Chile is now leading the way in publicly
developed gene-edited crops that address climate change impacts on
local agriculture.<br>
- - <br>
Stange emphasized the importance of modern biotechnology in
contributing to a healthier diet and serving as a tool that
generates local products with added value that are 100 percent
adapted to the national agricultural and climatic reality.<br>
"Currently, the new varieties are acquired by paying royalties to
foreign companies," she explained. "This implies bringing in those
varieties and waiting a few seasons until they adapt to our
edaphoclimatic conditions -- and with the expectation that they will
produce the fruits as they are produced where they were generated.
This is a risk. In our case, these are varieties already produced
and marketed in Chile, to which we will add these new traits. In
this way, we will add value to the Chilean varieties of apples."<br>
<br>
"It's relevant to generate varieties made in Chile that are also
healthier," Stange added. "Today's consumers are looking for foods
that are functional, with a higher content of antioxidants,
vitamins, etc. Those characteristics would be fulfilled by our
apples with the highest content of carotenoids, which are provitamin
A molecules, and antioxidants that counteract various diseases and
aging."<br>
<br>
Castillo describes biotechnology as an advanced tool that allows the
study of candidate genes that can assist breeding programs. "We are
in a genetic revolution, and as scientists we can create innovative
research solutions to face one of the greatest global challenges in
food security through an agriculture transformed by new
technologies."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2020/05/chile-advances-in-breeding-gene-edited-crops-that-weather-climate-change/">https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2020/05/chile-advances-in-breeding-gene-edited-crops-that-weather-climate-change/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p> </p>
[Opinion]<br>
<b>My mom, little brother and I are 'climate refugees' from Florida
| Column</b><br>
We fled Miami as Hurricane Irma approached, and driving to Chicago
was frightening.<br>
By Luxha Aliheligi Phillips<br>
I'm a climate refugee and that's the primary reason I am one of
eight young Floridians who are plaintiffs in a climate lawsuit,
Reynolds v. State of Florida. My name is Luxha Aliheligi Phillips,
and the warming climate has already affected my life.<br>
<br>
In 2017, when I was 14 years old, Hurricane Irma was about to hit
Florida as a Category 4 or 5 storm. My mom realized that we could
not ride out the storm in Miami because we did not have the
resources or support locally. My mother, little brother and I lived
right on the water in a rented apartment near Brickell Avenue. There
was a nearby seawall and water often splashed over it onto the
sidewalk.<br>
<br>
Our cousins live in Chicago and they said we could stay with them.
So, my mom got on the computer to find a flight, but they were
already filled.<br>
<br>
The next morning at 6 a.m., we packed our stuff and our cat Jerry
into the car and left. We did not know how long we would be gone, or
what would be destroyed by the storm.<br>
<br>
We brought hurricane supplies so our car was packed tight. My mom
began the drive and I fell asleep. When I woke up, we had been on
the road for hours in heavy traffic. We found ourselves in Georgia
but it was difficult to find a hotel room. My brother and I were
nervous but eventually we found a room and got some sleep.<br>
<br>
We got on the road again the next day at 6 a.m. This time, I had to
stay awake and help my mom with the directions. I became her
co-pilot for the rest of the day.<br>
<br>
Again, we were looking for a place to stay. It was scary looking for
hotels and we ended up getting lost. We finally found a hotel in
Tennessee that appeared sketchy. My mom was so worried that she put
a chair under the door handle to make sure we were safe. After about
four days of driving, we reached Chicago, but the journey was one I
will never forget.<br>
<br>
The planet's air and water are getting warmer - and hurricanes get
energy from warm water. That is one reason hurricanes are getting
more destructive.<br>
<br>
Hurricanes are causing more flooding due to sea-level rise. Rainfall
can be more intense due to warmer air holding more water. Irma was
the most powerful Atlantic hurricane in recorded history and climate
change contributed to the storm's magnitude.<br>
<br>
The record-setting heat in Florida this Spring has resulted in the
Gulf of Mexico reaching record-breaking temperatures, which experts
say could contribute to another devastating hurricane season.<br>
<br>
When I heard about the climate change lawsuit, I wanted to
participate because I want to be part of the solution. The suit
contends that Florida is denying me and the other seven plaintiffs
our constitutional right to a safe climate by failing to develop a
plan to combat the warming climate.<br>
<br>
In the end, my family and I moved to Chicago two years after
Hurricane Irma. My mom could not deal with another hurricane season.
She is a single parent and we didn't have family nearby to help. I
consider us climate refugees because we left the state that we loved
to avoid storms that are getting more and more dangerous because the
atmosphere and oceans are getting hotter - and our political leaders
are doing very little to address the growing threat.<br>
<br>
Even though we are kids, the problems that adults create affect us.
We can't vote. We aren't given the power to make change. We do
however have the power of our voices to demand change for future
generations that will have to carry the burden that those who came
before us ignored.<br>
<br>
This lawsuit gives me a voice and the power to demand that the
courts protect my constitutional rights. There's an important
hearing in our case on June 1, which is also the first day of
hurricane season. My hope is that both of them go well.<br>
<br>
Luxha Aliheligi Phillips is one of the eight young Floridians suing
Florida officials for violating their constitutional rights to a
stable climate. "The Invading Sea" is the opinion arm of the Florida
Climate Reporting Network, a collaborative of news organizations
across the state focusing on the threats posed by the warming
climate.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.tampabay.com/opinion/2020/05/31/my-mom-little-brother-and-i-are-climate-refugees-from-florida-column/">https://www.tampabay.com/opinion/2020/05/31/my-mom-little-brother-and-i-are-climate-refugees-from-florida-column/</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Video talk]<br>
<b>Arctic Sea Ice Loss Projections From the Latest-and-Greatest
Climate Simulation Models (CMIP6)</b><br>
Jun 3, 2020<br>
Paul Beckwith<br>
The latest, most sophisticated climate models of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) have been used to track Arctic Sea
Ice Area and Volume over time and make future projections. The vast
majority of models predict a practically ice free Arctic in summer
(less than 1 million square km) before 2050. September sea ice area
decreases at a rate of 2.73 square meters per ton of CO2 emissions,
and by 4 million square km per degree Celsius of average global
warming. Future cumulative CO2 emissions of between 500 to 1,100 Gt
should finish the ice; with our present level of 40 Gt per year this
is between 12.5 and 27.5 years.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R2lsH837mQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R2lsH837mQ</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
[Digging back into the internet news archive]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
June 5, 2007 </b></font><br>
At a GOP presidential debate in New Hampshire, Rudy Giuliani
declares:<br>
<blockquote>"I think we have to accept the view that scientists have
that there is global warming and that human operation, human
condition, contributes to that. And the fact is that there is a
way to deal with it and to address it in a way that we can also
accomplish energy independence, which we need as a matter of
national security. It's frustrating and really dangerous for us to
see money going to our enemies because we have to buy oil from
certain countries. We should be supporting all the alternatives."<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/Wlqb1D9pDIs">http://youtu.be/Wlqb1D9pDIs</a><br>
<br>
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