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<i><font size="+1"><b>June 15, 2020</b></font></i><br>
<br>
[Reuters]<br>
<b>Exclusive: U.S. Democratic Party irked by council's 'insurgent'
climate plan - sources</b><br>
Trevor Hunnicutt, Valerie Volcovici<br>
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Democratic National Committee's council
on climate change irked party leadership when it published policy
recommendations this month that ventured beyond presidential
candidate Joe Biden's plan, according to three people familiar with
the matter.<br>
The party tension shows the tricky nature of climate politics as
Biden seeks to court young and more progressive voters without
turning off voters in energy-producing swing states like
Pennsylvania and Ohio, where a boom in shale gas drilling had
created blue-collar jobs.<br>
<br>
Members of the DNC Environment and Climate Crisis Council, formed
last year, published proposals for the party's four-year platform on
June 4 in a press release, calling for up to $16 trillion in
spending to shift the U.S. economy away from fossil fuels while
banning hydraulic fracturing and oil and gas exports.<br>
<br>
The council's proposals far exceed Biden's current climate plan,
which bans new oil and gas permits on public lands and dedicates
$1.7 trillion to accelerate the transition to renewable energy, but
allows continued fracking and exports in the meantime.<br>
<br>
Biden's campaign is updating its climate plan as it prepares for the
Nov. 3 election contest against Republican President Donald Trump, a
fervent advocate of fossil fuel drilling and mining who has
downplayed climate change risks and unwound hundreds of
environmental regulations.<br>
<br>
Biden is being advised by a panel led by U.S. Representative
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who has called for a vast government-run
effort to move away from fossil fuels, and John Kerry, who helped
negotiate the Paris climate agreement as President Barack Obama's
Secretary of State.<br>
<br>
One senior Democrat familiar with the DNC's workings said climate
council members overstepped by putting out recommendations ahead of
the convention that are unlikely to be adopted in the party's
platform, which will be drafted by a DNC committee by its August
convention.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-climate-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-democratic-party-irked-by-councils-insurgent-climate-plan-sources-idUSKBN23M1DO">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-climate-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-democratic-party-irked-by-councils-insurgent-climate-plan-sources-idUSKBN23M1DO</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[XR houghtful activism video interview]<br>
<b>Let's not beat about the bush: Climate, Globalisation, and the
State | Extinction Rebellion</b><br>
Jun 13, 2020 - Extinction Rebellion's Roger Hallam interviews with:
<br>
Ann Pettifor - author "The Case for the Green New Deal"<br>
Anatol Lieven - author "Climate Change and the Nation State"<br>
Paul Guilding - author "The Great Disruption" <br>
A MUST-SEE ON RESET TV & YOUTUBE THIS WEEKEND <br>
Roger Hallam interviews leading intellectuals on the world after
carbon<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyHajMx-dlk"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyHajMx-dlk</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Nebraska flood personal video story ]<br>
<b>American Climate Video: The Creek Flooded Nearly Every Spring,
but This Time the Water Just Kept Rising</b><br>
The Crosleys argued as the water line crept up toward their longtime
benchmark. She wanted to evacuate and packed a bag. He said there
was no way the water could crest the third step. <br>
<br>
But the water continued to rise and Nancy decided it was time to go.
<br>
<br>
"I told Mike, 'We gotta go,'" she said. "I walked out the back
door."<br>
- -<br>
As Mike watched the flood take over his property, his mind was
racing as he calculated the loss he would be faced with, between the
house, the alfalfa farm and the livestock.<br>
<br>
It was a good thing that they were safe and warm, he said, "but just
then you start thinking about the financial loss of, what are we
losing?"<br>
<br>
Scientists have warned that climate change is bringing more frequent
and more intense storms, like the deluge that caused the 2019
flooding in the Great Plains. Because they left in such a hurry, the
Crosleys didn't have a chance to put their valuables up on high
shelves. The damage to the house was so severe that they simply
accepted that most of their belongings would be destroyed.<br>
<br>
Looking forward, the Crosleys plan to build a new home on higher
ground. Although they never wanted to leave their house--Nancy had
just put new shingles on the roof--they decided it was time to start
anew. <br>
<br>
"It's not a safe home anymore," Mike said. "You should feel safe in
your home and you're not going to feel safe there now. Every time it
rains in the spring, you're going to remember that day."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12062020/american-climate-crosley-flood-nebraska"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12062020/american-climate-crosley-flood-nebraska</a><br>
video - <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/KP4PndFbY4g" moz-do-not-send="true">https://youtu.be/KP4PndFbY4g</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[answer: yes]<br>
EXTREME WEATHER - 12 June 2020<br>
<b>Jet stream: Is climate change causing more 'blocking' weather
events?</b><br>
The past few months have seen some remarkable weather, from the UK's
sunniest spring on record to Siberia's dramatic heatwave and "zombie
wildfires".<br>
<br>
Key to this unseasonable weather are persistent high-pressure
"blocking" weather systems, which bring clear, dry conditions on the
ground below for many days or weeks.<br>
<br>
Blocking events bat away oncoming low-pressure systems that would
bring the prospect of clouds and rain. They are particularly
synonymous with heatwaves and drought in summer and bitterly cold
conditions in winter.<br>
<br>
But what are the prospects for blocking events in a warming climate?
And could a rapidly warming Arctic also have a role to play?...<br>
- -<br>
So how do these blocking weather patterns arise? Woollings points
out that "there are several different mechanisms involved and the
balance between these seem to be different in different regions".<br>
<br>
In general, however, "Rossby waves" in the atmosphere are "thought
to be crucial", says Woollings. Rossby waves - named after
Carl-Gustaf Rossby, the Swedish-born American meteorologist who
identified them - are giant meanders in the jet stream that stretch
across the mid-latitudes. They are also known as "planetary waves".<br>
<br>
Rossby waves are a natural phenomenon that form as a result of the
rotation of the Earth. As they are a feature of rotating fluids,
they are also observed in the oceans and in other planets, such as
gas giants Jupiter and Saturn.<br>
<br>
Blocking weather patterns can occur when Rossby waves "become
amplified and/or break", says Woollings. Amplified Rossby waves can
be seen in a "wavy" jet stream. This tends to slow the east-to-west
progression of weather systems, making conditions more persistent
and, potentially, allowing blocks to form.<br>
<br>
An example is the "omega block", so-called because it resembles the
uppercase letter omega (Ω) in the Greek alphabet. In this shape,
alternating areas of high and low pressure form in the peaks and
troughs of the Rossby waves, respectively...<br>
- - -<br>
A block interrupts the prevailing flow of westerly winds, which
typically bring in mild air during winter and cooler, fresher
conditions in summer. Therefore, it opens up the potential for more
extreme conditions, depending on which type of weather system is
overhead. <br>
<br>
In the summer of 2010, for example, an omega block left a
high-pressure system sitting over western Russia for much of July
and August. The resulting heatwave saw most of western Russia record
its hottest summer in history. As a 2011 paper on the event
explains:<br>
<br>
"The heat over Russia produced many days where the high temperature
was greater than 40C (104F). Russia had a record-warm summer, with
Moscow averaging near +18C and +16C above normal for the months of
July and August, respectively."<br>
<br>
The hot, dry and still weather also brought the worst drought
conditions in roughly 40 years. In total, the heat, wildfires and
associated poor air quality caused at least 56,000 deaths in Moscow
and other parts of western Russia...<br>
- - -<br>
Around the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, low-pressure
weather fronts, which bring cloudy, windy and potentially wet
weather, generally move from west to east. These are carried along
by the jet stream - a current of fast-flowing air high up in the
troposphere, the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. (Jet
streams encircle the mid-latitudes of both the northern and southern
hemispheres.)<br>
<br>
The jet generally keeps a steady stream of weather systems moving
across the Earth's surface. This means that any low-pressure system
- or intervening high-pressure system that brings clear, still and
sunny conditions - will generally only linger for a matter of days
before being shunted on by the next system...<br>
- - -<br>
video - What is the jet stream and how does it affect the weather? <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/Lg91eowtfbw"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://youtu.be/Lg91eowtfbw</a><br>
- -- <br>
While models - tentatively - suggest that blocking events could
decline in the mid-latitudes, there is also a prominent theory that
a rapidly warming Arctic could bring more of them.<br>
<br>
The Arctic is warming more than twice as quickly than the global
surface average. This phenomenon is known as "Arctic amplification".
In part, this stems from the rapid loss of sea ice cover in the
region - as the ice diminishes, energy from the sun that would have
been reflected away by the bright white ice is instead absorbed by
the ocean, causing further warming. (Declining snow cover over
Arctic land areas has the same effect.)<br>
<br>
There are some theories that these rapid changes in the Arctic
"might influence the frequency of blocking events", explains
Shaffrey:<br>
<br>
"The theories suggest that as the Arctic warms, changes in the
strength and position of the northern hemisphere jet stream will
allow blocking events to become more frequent." <br>
<br>
For example, as the strength of the jet stream is driven by the
difference in temperature between the cold air over the Arctic to
the north and the milder air to the south, a fast-warming Arctic
reduces this temperature difference...<br>
- - <br>
And any impact that the Arctic has could be outweighed by influences
from elsewhere, adds Woollings:<br>
<br>
"As Arctic warming strengthens, we expect it to impact the jet
stream and this could act to increase blocking in some regions.
Climate models currently suggest the competing influence of the
warming tropics will be more important, consistent with an overall
decrease in blocking." <br>
<br>
Nonetheless, Woollings concludes: "Arctic warming is one of the
processes in the mix of several which will shape blocking behaviour
in the future".<b><br>
</b><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/jet-stream-is-climate-change-causing-more-blocking-weather-events"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.carbonbrief.org/jet-stream-is-climate-change-causing-more-blocking-weather-events</a><b><br>
</b>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Chinese Academy of Sciences]<br>
JUNE 12, 2020<br>
<b>Nitrogen in permafrost soils may exert great feedbacks on climate
change</b><br>
What nitrogen is getting up to in permafrost soils may be much more
interesting than researchers have long believed--with potentially
significant consequences for our management of climate change.<br>
Nitrogen is a constituent part of nitrous oxide (N2O)--an often
overlooked greenhouse gas, and there is a vast amount of nitrogen
stored in permafrost soils.<br>
<br>
But little is known about N2O emissions from permafrost soils and
until recently, it was assumed that releases had to be fairly
minimal because of the cold climate.<br>
<br>
Decomposition of organic matter is slow in low temperatures.
Exacerbating this, there would have to be high competition amongst
organisms for what little nitrogen there was in a form that they can
use. So there couldn't be much nitrogen left over to contribute to
N2O releases.<br>
<br>
In recent years however, a growing number of papers have started to
hint that there might be very high N2O emissions from such soils,
perhaps as much as those from tropical forests or croplands, which
suggests that there's a gap in our understanding of what happens to
nitrogen in permafrost soils.<br>
<br>
To get to the bottom of the issue, Dr. Michael Dannenmann from the
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Dr. Chunyan Liu from the
Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences
with their colleagues have established the "NIFROCLIM" project in a
high-latitude permafrost region in northeast China that is part of
the Eurasian permafrost complex--the world's largest permafrost
area.<br>
<br>
The profile of "NIFROCLIM" was publsihed on May 23 in Advances in
Atmospheric Sciences.<br>
<br>
"In contrast to the huge volumes of research into permafrost carbon
climate feedbacks, research into permafrost nitrogen climate
feedbacks is lagging behind terribly," said Elisabeth Ramm, the
first author of the News & Views article. "We urgently need to
better understand what is happening to nitrogen in these soils,
especially as the world warms and permafrost thaws."<br>
<br>
The researchers are taking high-resolution soil and gas samples down
to the upper layers of the permafrost across multiple sites with
differing landscape characteristics, from upland forests to lowland
bogs, as well as engaging in experiments that simulate varying
levels of warming.<br>
<br>
Building a scientific outpost on the southern edge of this region is
ideal for studying impact of climate change on permafrost as the
arctic and subarctic in particular is being hit hard already by
global warming.<br>
<br>
Temperature increases occur here at more than double the pace of the
global average, accelerating permafrost degradation and N
transformations.<br>
<br>
"If anywhere is going to tell us if we've been getting the math
wrong on nitrogen, it's here." said Liu.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2020-06-nitrogen-permafrost-soils-exert-great.html"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://phys.org/news/2020-06-nitrogen-permafrost-soils-exert-great.html</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[new data brings new conclusions]<br>
<b>Climate worst-case scenarios may not go far enough, cloud data
shows</b><br>
Modelling suggests climate is considerably more sensitive to carbon
emissions than thought<br>
<br>
Worst-case global heating scenarios may need to be revised upwards
in light of a better understanding of the role of clouds, scientists
have said.<br>
<br>
Recent modelling data suggests the climate is considerably more
sensitive to carbon emissions than previously believed, and experts
said the projections had the potential to be "incredibly alarming",
though they stressed further research would be needed to validate
the new numbers.<br>
<br>
Modelling results from more than 20 institutions are being compiled
for the sixth assessment by the United Nations Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, which is due to be released next year...<br>
Compared with the last assessment in 2014, 25% of them show a sharp
upward shift from 3C to 5C in climate sensitivity - the amount of
warming projected from a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide from
the preindustrial level of 280 parts per million. This has shocked
many veteran observers, because assumptions about climate
sensitivity have been relatively unchanged since the 1980s.<br>
<br>
"That is a very deep concern," Johan Rockstrom, the director of the
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, said. "Climate
sensitivity is the holy grail of climate science. It is the prime
indicator of climate risk. For 40 years, it has been around 3C. Now,
we are suddenly starting to see big climate models on the best
supercomputers showing things could be worse than we thought."...<br>
He said climate sensitivity above 5C would reduce the scope for
human action to reduce the worst impacts of global heating. "We
would have no more space for a soft landing of 1.5C [above
preindustrial levels]. The best we could aim for is 2C," he said.<br>
<br>
Worst-case projections in excess of 5C have been generated by
several of the world's leading climate research bodies, including
the UK Met Office's Hadley Centre and the EU's Community Earth
System Model.<br>
<br>
Timothy Palmer, a professor in climate physics at Oxford University
and a member of the Met Office's advisory board, said the high
figure initially made scientists nervous. "It was way outside
previous estimates. People asked whether there was a bug in the
code," he said. "But it boiled down to relatively small changes in
the way clouds are represented in the models."<br>
<br>
"Clouds will determine humanity's fate - whether climate is an
existential threat or an inconvenience that we will learn to live
with," said Palmer. "Most recent models suggest clouds will make
matters worse."<br>
<br>
In a recent paper in the journal Nature, Palmer explains how the new
Hadley Centre model that produced the 5+C figure on climate
sensitivity was tested by assessing its accuracy in forecasting
short-term weather. This testing technique had exposed flaws in
previous models, but in the latest case, the results reinforced the
estimates. "The results are not reassuring - they support the
estimates," he wrote. He is calling for other models to be tested in
a similar way.<br>
<br>
"It's really important. The message to the government and public is,
you have to take this high climate sensitivity seriously. [We] must
get emissions down as quickly as we can," he said.<br>
<br>
The IPCC is expected to include the 5+C climate sensitivity figure
in its next report on the range of possible outcomes. Scientists
caution that this is a work in progress and that doubts remain
because such a high figure does not fit with historical records.<br>
<br>
Catherine Senior, head of understanding climate change at the Met
Office Hadley Centre, said more studies and more data were needed to
fully understand the role of clouds and aerosols.<br>
<br>
"This figure has the potential to be incredibly alarming if it is
right," she said. "But as a scientist, my first response is: why has
the model done that? We are still in the stage of evaluating the
processes driving the different response."<br>
<br>
While acknowledging the continued uncertainty, Rockstrom said
climate models might still be underestimating the problem because
they did not fully take into account tipping points in the
biosphere.<br>
<br>
"The more we learn, the more fragile the Earth system seems to be
and the faster we need to move," he said. "It gives even stronger
argument to step out of this Covid-19 crisis and move full speed
towards decarbonising the economy."<br>
- - -<br>
[news item in the journal Nature]<br>
<b>Short-term tests validate long-term estimates of climate change</b><br>
Six-hour weather forecasts have been used to validate estimates of
climate change hundreds of years from now. Such tests have great
potential -- but only if our weather-forecasting and
climate-prediction systems are unified.<br>
Tim Palmer<br>
How sensitive is climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels? For a
doubling of CO2 concentration from pre-industrial levels, some
models predict an alarming long-term warming of more than 5 C. But
are these estimates believable? Writing in the Journal of Advances
in Modeling Earth Systems, Williams et al.1 have tested some of the
revisions that have been made to one such model by assessing its
accuracy for very short-term weather forecasts. The results are not
reassuring -- they support the estimates.<br>
<br>
There is little doubt, at least among those who understand the
science, that climate change is one of the greatest challenges
facing humans in the coming decades. However, the extent to which
unchecked climate change would prove catastrophic rests on processes
that are poorly understood. Perhaps the most important of these
concern the way in which Earth's hydrological cycle -- which
includes the evaporation, condensation and movement of water -- will
react to our warming planet.<br>
<br>
One of the key problems is how clouds adjust to warming2. If
low-level cloud cover increases, and high-level cloud decreases,
then clouds will offset the warming effect of increased atmospheric
CO2 concentrations and thereby act as a negative feedback, or
damper, on climate change, buying us some breathing space. By
contrast, if there is positive cloud feedback -- that is, if
low-level clouds decrease with warming and high-level clouds
increase -- then, short of rapid and complete cessation of
fossil-fuel use, we might be heading for disaster...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01484-5"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01484-5</a><br>
- -<br>
[From AGU journal]<br>
<b>Use of Short‐Range Forecasts to Evaluate Fast Physics Processes
Relevant for Climate Sensitivity</b><br>
K. D. Williams A. J. Hewitt A. Bodas‐Salcedo - First published:23
March 2020<br>
<b>Abstract</b><br>
The configuration of the Met Office Unified Model being submitted to
CMIP6 has a high climate sensitivity. Previous studies have
suggested that the impact of model changes on initial tendencies in
numerical weather prediction (NWP) should be used to guide their
suitability for inclusion in climate models. In this study we
assess, using NWP experiments, the atmospheric model changes which
lead to the increased climate sensitivity in the CMIP6
configuration, namely, the replacement of the aerosol scheme with
GLOMAP‐mode and the introduction of a scheme for representing the
turbulent production of liquid water within mixed‐phase cloud.
Overall, the changes included in this latest configuration were
found to improve the initial tendencies of the model state variables
over the first 6 hr of the forecast, this timescale being before
significant dynamical feedbacks are likely to occur. The reduced
model drift through the forecast appears to be the result of
increased cloud liquid water, leading to enhanced radiative cooling
from cloud top and contributing to a stronger shortwave cloud
radiative effect. These changes improve the 5‐day forecast in
traditional metrics used for numerical weather prediction. This
study was conducted after the model was frozen and the climate
sensitivity of the model determined; hence, it provides an
independent test of the model changes contributing to the higher
climate sensitivity. The results, along with the large body
process‐orientated evaluation conducted during the model development
process, provide reassurance that these changes are improving the
physical processes simulated by the model.<br>
<br>
<b>Plain Language Summary</b><br>
Climate sensitivity is a leading order measure of the climate
system. The latest Met Office model has a higher climate sensitivity
than its predecessor and many other models, so warrants additional
tests. Here we follow a published method to test in weather forecast
mode, model changes contributing to the higher climate sensitivity.
The model changes increasing the climate sensitivity are found to
improve the short‐range weather forecast and reduce the error growth
over the first few hours of the forecast which is a measure of the
error in the local physical processes. This increases our confidence
that the model changes contributing to the higher sensitivity are
improving the physical realism of the model.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019MS001986"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019MS001986</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[Digging back into the internet news archive]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
June 15, 2010 </b></font><br>
<p>In an address from the Oval Office, President Obama declares:<br>
"For decades, we have known the days of cheap and easily
accessible oil were numbered. For decades, we've talked and
talked about the need to end America's century-long addiction to
fossil fuels. And for decades, we have failed to act with the
sense of urgency that this challenge requires. Time and again,
the path forward has been blocked -- not only by oil industry
lobbyists, but also by a lack of political courage and candor. <br>
<br>
"The consequences of our inaction are now in plain sight.
Countries like China are investing in clean energy jobs and
industries that should be right here in America. Each day, we
send nearly $1 billion of our wealth to foreign countries for
their oil. And today, as we look to the Gulf, we see an entire
way of life being threatened by a menacing cloud of black crude.<br>
<br>
"We cannot consign our children to this future. The tragedy
unfolding on our coast is the most painful and powerful reminder
yet that the time to embrace a clean energy future is now. Now is
the moment for this generation to embark on a national mission to
unleash America's innovation and seize control of our own destiny.<br>
<br>
"This is not some distant vision for America. The transition away
from fossil fuels is going to take some time, but over the last
year and a half, we've already taken unprecedented action to
jumpstart the clean energy industry. As we speak, old factories
are reopening to produce wind turbines, people are going back to
work installing energy-efficient windows, and small businesses are
making solar panels. <br>
<br>
"Consumers are buying more efficient cars and trucks, and families
are making their homes more energy-efficient. Scientists and
researchers are discovering clean energy technologies that someday
will lead to entire new industries. <br>
<br>
"Each of us has a part to play in a new future that will benefit
all of us. As we recover from this recession, the transition to
clean energy has the potential to grow our economy and create
millions of jobs -- but only if we accelerate that transition.
Only if we seize the moment. And only if we rally together and
act as one nation -- workers and entrepreneurs; scientists and
citizens; the public and private sectors. <br>
<br>
"When I was a candidate for this office, I laid out a set of
principles that would move our country towards energy
independence. Last year, the House of Representatives acted on
these principles by passing a strong and comprehensive energy and
climate bill –- a bill that finally makes clean energy the
profitable kind of energy for America's businesses. <br>
<br>
"Now, there are costs associated with this transition. And there
are some who believe that we can't afford those costs right now.
I say we can't afford not to change how we produce and use energy
-- because the long-term costs to our economy, our national
security, and our environment are far greater. <br>
<br>
"So I'm happy to look at other ideas and approaches from either
party -- as long they seriously tackle our addiction to fossil
fuels. Some have suggested raising efficiency standards in our
buildings like we did in our cars and trucks. Some believe we
should set standards to ensure that more of our electricity comes
from wind and solar power. Others wonder why the energy industry
only spends a fraction of what the high-tech industry does on
research and development -- and want to rapidly boost our
investments in such research and development. <br>
<br>
"All of these approaches have merit, and deserve a fair hearing in
the months ahead. But the one approach I will not accept is
inaction. The one answer I will not settle for is the idea that
this challenge is somehow too big and too difficult to meet. You
know, the same thing was said about our ability to produce enough
planes and tanks in World War II. The same thing was said about
our ability to harness the science and technology to land a man
safely on the surface of the moon. And yet, time and again, we
have refused to settle for the paltry limits of conventional
wisdom. Instead, what has defined us as a nation since our
founding is the capacity to shape our destiny -- our determination
to fight for the America we want for our children. Even if we're
unsure exactly what that looks like. Even if we don't yet know
precisely how we're going to get there. We know we'll get there."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQJW4_FvVKo"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQJW4_FvVKo</a>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
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