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<i><font size="+1"><b>June 23, 2020</b></font></i><br>
<br>
[Democrats after stimulus]<br>
TheHill.com<br>
<b>Democrats eye tax credit assistance for renewables in
infrastructure bill</b><br>
BY RACHEL FRAZIN - 06/22/20 <br>
Democrats are pitching a series of environmental measures, including
tax credit assistance for renewables and carbon capture technology,
as part of a broad transportation bill released Monday.<br>
<br>
The legislation, called the Moving Forward Act, would also restrict
the transportation of liquified natural gas (LNG) by rail and create
a grant program aimed at reducing consumption of a class of
cancer-linked chemicals called PFAS. <br>
<br>
House Democrats announced the $1.5 trillion infrastructure plan on
Thursday, billing it as a major effort to fight climate change, and
released the full text of the measure on Monday. <br>
Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) said last week that it would "make
real the promise of building infrastructure in a green and resilient
way."<br>
<br>
The legislation also aims to increase funding for repairing roads
and bridges and expand broadband access in rural communities. <br>
<br>
In the energy sector, the bill would extend two tax credits that can
be claimed by renewable energy producers.<br>
<br>
It will allow companies that start construction on certain wind,
biomass and hydropower facilities by the end of 2025 to claim the
production tax credit, which can be claimed by companies that
produce electricity from renewable sources.<br>
<br>
The legislation would also expand the commercial use of the
investment tax credit (ITC), which allows claimants to receive a
portion of the cost of installing certain renewable energy
facilities as a tax credit. <br>
<br>
Democrats are proposing the extension of the ITC for solar and
geothermal energy at a 30 percent rate through the end of 2025,
phasing it down for a few years until it eventually reaches 10
percent. They also want to expand the credit to include energy
storage technology.<br>
Their legislation would also expand the tax credit for carbon
capture and sequestration technology, which takes carbon out of the
atmosphere, by two years until the end of 2025. <br>
<br>
Lawmakers on both sides of the aisle have called for some assistance
for this industry. More than 600,000 clean energy jobs, including
nearly 100,000 renewable power generation jobs, have been lost since
the start of the coronavirus pandemic.<br>
<br>
The Moving Forward Act would also restrict the transportation of LNG
by rail after the Trump administration recently issued a final rule
authorizing the bulk transportation of the substance by rail. <br>
<br>
Democrats detail their $1.5T green infrastructure plan<br>
OVERNIGHT ENERGY: Internal watchdog probing Park Police actions...<br>
It would require the Transportation Department to rescind any
previous authorizations and halt any new ones until the department
conducts further safety evaluations.<br>
<br>
It would also direct the administration to start a probe into safety
and environmental risks of transporting LNG. <br>
<br>
The Democratic bill would also aim to tackle PFAS chemicals, which
are often found in water and are known for their persistence in the
environment and human body, by creating a grant program to help
utilities pay for costs of treating them.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/503923-democrats-eye-tax-credit-assistance-for-renewables-in">https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/503923-democrats-eye-tax-credit-assistance-for-renewables-in</a><br>
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</p>
<p><br>
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[And a political renewal ]<br>
<b>Young U.S. conservatives speak out for post-pandemic
environmentalism</b><br>
Matthew Lavietes<br>
NEW YORK (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - A group of young
conservatives has urged the United States to rebuild the
post-pandemic economy with clean energy to help combat climate
change, joining the ranks of Republicans who say they are unhappy
with U.S. efforts to slow global warming.<br>
<br>
The American Conservation Coalition Campus bought a week-long series
of television commercials on the conservative news outlet Fox News,
asking President Donald Trump and the U.S. Congress to implement
green measures as the nation's economy reopens.<br>
<br>
The group wants low- and zero-emissions technology integrated into
transportation infrastructure, incentives for private land owners to
capture and store planet-warming gases underground and funding of
affordable clean energy.<br>
<br>
Since the coronavirus lockdowns shut down the U.S. economy in
mid-March, Trump has called for investing as much as $2 trillion to
jumpstart the world's largest economy back to life.<br>
"Why not kill two birds with one stone and create a sustainable path
to the future?" Benji Backer, founder of the group known as ACC
Campus, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.<br>
<br>
ACC Campus is an organization of conservative college students who
advocate for limited-government environmental reform.<br>
<br>
"Right now, at the federal government level, they're investing
trillions of dollars into the American economy. That's something
that doesn't happen very often."<br>
<br>
The ads show images of wildfires, storms and people waiting in lines
at food banks, with recorded narration by several Republican
presidents, including Ronald Reagan and George H. Bush, on the
importance of environmental preservation.<br>
<br>
"How we rebuild is how we will be remembered," it says. "Join the
young conservatives in fighting for a clean future."<br>
<br>
The ads ran last week, the group said.<br>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-climate-conservati/young-u-s-conservatives-speak-out-for-post-pandemic-environmentalism-idUSKBN23T3A7">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-climate-conservati/young-u-s-conservatives-speak-out-for-post-pandemic-environmentalism-idUSKBN23T3A7</a><br>
</p>
<p><br>
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[Not always cold in the Arctic]<br>
<b>Arctic Circle sees 'highest-ever' recorded temperatures</b><br>
Temperatures in the Arctic Circle are likely to have hit an all-time
record on Saturday, reaching a scorching 38C (100F) in Verkhoyansk,
a Siberian town.<br>
<br>
The record still needs to be verified, but it appears to have been
18C higher than the average maximum daily temperature in June.<br>
<br>
Hot summer weather is not uncommon in the Arctic Circle, but recent
months have seen abnormally high temperatures.<br>
<br>
The Arctic is believed to be warming twice as fast as the global
average.<br>
<br>
Verkhoyansk, home to about 1,300 people, sits just inside the Arctic
Circle, in remote Siberia. It has an extreme climate with
temperatures plunging in January to an average maximum of -42C and
then surging in June to 20C.<br>
<br>
But a persistent heatwave this year in the Arctic Circle has worried
meteorologists. In March, April and May, the Copernicus Climate
Change service reported that the average temperature was around 10C
above normal...<br>
- - <br>
"We've upset the energy balance of the entire planet," cautions Prof
Chris Rapley of University College London. Year after year we see
temperature records being broken, the eminent climate scientist
says.<br>
<br>
"This is a warning message from the Earth itself," he tells me. "We
ignore it at our peril."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53140069">https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53140069</a><br>
<p><br>
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<p><br>
</p>
[Wildfire smoke]<br>
<b>Wildfire smoke affects Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas</b><br>
map -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://wildfiretoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Smoke-forecast-for-9-pm-MDT-June-22-2020.jpg">https://wildfiretoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Smoke-forecast-for-9-pm-MDT-June-22-2020.jpg</a><br>
The forecast for wildfire smoke at 9 p.m. MDT Monday indicates that
areas of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas will see significant
impacts.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/06/22/wildfire-smoke-affects-arizona-new-mexico-and-western-texas/">https://wildfiretoday.com/2020/06/22/wildfire-smoke-affects-arizona-new-mexico-and-western-texas/</a><br>
<p>- - -<br>
</p>
[Giant Saguaro Cactus burns]<br>
<b>Invasive buffelgrass may have helped Bighorn Fire take out
saguaros</b><br>
Saguaros, which usually don't burn, exploded into flames<br>
Tony Davis Jun 13, 2020 ...<br>
It will be awhile before an actual saguaro death toll from this
blaze is known. But Wilder estimated Friday that the fire took out
as many as 2,000 saguaros, from both the front range of the
Catalinas and the Pusch Ridge area near Oro Valley.<br>
<br>
Some of those saguaros were amidst stands of buffelgrass, an
invasive, non-native grass that is known to spread and intensify
wildfires to the point where they can burn saguaros that normally
don't burn. But the vast majority, maybe 75%, burned in higher
elevation grasslands, above where the buffelgrass has spread rapidly
over the past 20 years across the Catalina Foothills, Wilder said.<br>
<br>
In short, this was a near-miss for those like Wilder and other
scientists who have long feared that the encroachment of buffelgrass
into the Sonoran Desert would trigger massive, destructive fires
from which native desert plants would never recover.<br>
<br>
The buffelgrass lying higher up, directly in the fire's path, is
"still fairly spotty. It wasn't continuous, wasn't dense enough to
be able to pull that fire all the way down, to make happen what we
really fear," Wilder said.<br>
<br>
But he and other scientists remain concerned that if the buffelgrass
keeps spreading without more controls, the next big blaze could
cause more destruction and filter into the homes lying in the upper
reaches of the Catalina Foothills -- homes that this time were
evacuated for a day and a half...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://tucson.com/news/local/invasive-buffelgrass-may-have-helped-bighorn-fire-take-out-saguaros/article_35fe42e6-fa56-597e-ab6d-46ebe1c63ea4.html">https://tucson.com/news/local/invasive-buffelgrass-may-have-helped-bighorn-fire-take-out-saguaros/article_35fe42e6-fa56-597e-ab6d-46ebe1c63ea4.html</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[The Week reports]<br>
<b>There's a big problem with the tree-planting climate strategy...</b><br>
It's unclear whether this trillion-tree initiative is going
anywhere. But the general idea is just part of a developing climate
policy strategy based on forests. Corporations, countries, and some
U.S. states have begun working up systems that would take up carbon
from the atmosphere, usually through a market system allowing
companies to purchase offsets for their emissions in the form of
trees.<br>
<br>
However, as a new Science paper by University of Utah climate
scientist William Anderegg and several other authors shows in
detail, the offset model is likely to backfire and make climate
change worse. Forests can and should be part of climate policy --
but only if the best science is carefully taken into consideration,
something that is unlikely to happen along the current track.<br>
- - <br>
By the same token, climate policy on forests requires careful and
constantly updated reference to the best science -- to measure the
potential and the actual amount of carbon uptake, the future risks
of forest loss, the amount of leakage, interactions with the rest of
the climate system, and possible negative effects on existing human
communities. In particular, preservation of existing forest (as
opposed to planting more) deserves high priority. According to the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, land use changes produce
about 5.2 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide annually, mostly
from deforestation. That is mostly thanks to clearing land for crops
or pasture, or logging, or other industrial uses like palm oil
plantations (which are a climate nightmare, incidentally). But
conversely, preventing deforestation is perhaps the easiest and most
broadly beneficial climate strategy available.<br>
<br>
It is generally wiser to simply protect and manage forests directly
as wilderness lands rather than tying them into a marketplace for
carbon offsets that shows little sign of ever working.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://theweek.com/articles/920806/theres-big-problem-treeplanting-climate-strategy">https://theweek.com/articles/920806/theres-big-problem-treeplanting-climate-strategy</a><br>
- - -<br>
[BBC report about planting the wrong kind of trees]<br>
<b>Climate change: Planting new forests 'can do more harm than good'</b><br>
Rather than benefiting the environment, large-scale tree planting
may do the opposite, two new studies have found.<br>
<br>
One paper says that financial incentives to plant trees can backfire
and reduce biodiversity with little impact on carbon emissions.<br>
<br>
A separate project found that the amount of carbon that new forests
can absorb may be overestimated.<br>
<br>
The key message from both papers is that planting trees is not a
simple climate solution.<br>
<br>
Will millions more trees really stop climate change?<br>
'A trillion trees to the rescue'<br>
Trees 'most effective solution' for climate change<br>
Is there any point in planting new trees?<br>
Over the past few years, the idea of planting trees as a low cost,
high impact solution to climate change has really taken hold...<br>
- -<br>
"If policies to incentivise tree plantations are poorly designed or
poorly enforced, there is a high risk of not only wasting public
money but also releasing more carbon and losing biodiversity," said
co-author Prof Eric Lambin, from Stanford University.<br>
<br>
"That's the exact opposite of what these policies are aiming for."<br>
<br>
A second study set out to examine how much carbon a newly planted
forest would be able to absorb from the atmosphere.<br>
<br>
Up until now, many scientists have calculated the amount of carbon
that trees can pull down from the air using a fixed ratio.<br>
<br>
Suspecting that this ratio would depend on local conditions, the
researchers looked at northern China, which has seen intensive tree
planting by the government because of climate change but also in an
effort to reduce dust from the Gobi desert.<br>
<br>
Looking at 11,000 soil samples taken from afforested plots, the
scientists found that in carbon poor soils, adding new trees did
increase the density of organic carbon.<br>
<br>
But where soils were already rich in carbon, adding new trees
decreased this density.<br>
<br>
The authors say that previous assumptions about how much organic
carbon can be fixed by planting new trees is likely an overestimate.<br>
<br>
"We hope that people can understand that afforestation practices are
not one single thing," said Dr Anping Chen, from Colorado State
University and a lead author on the study.<br>
<br>
"Afforestation involves many technical details and balances of
different parts, and it cannot solve all our climate problems."<br>
Both papers have been published in the journal Nature
Sustainability.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53138178">https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-53138178</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Video on weather events]<br>
<b>The Five Main Jet Stream Blocking Configurations and Consequences
of Abrupt Climate Change</b><br>
Jun 22, 2020<br>
Paul Beckwith<br>
With slowing, wavier jet streams (less zonal; more meridional waves)
the likelihood of atmospheric blocks is much greater. As I explained
from a boat in the middle of a lake in my recent CTV News interview,
blocking explains Ottawa's present heat wave and the unbelievable,
unprecedented Siberian heat wave. I explain five main blocking
configurations: summer block (basic ridge); omega block;
anti-cyclonic wave breaking block; cyclonic wave breaking block; and
Rex block. I chat about how blocking changes with rapid climate
change ac<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gta9rWE7-bE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gta9rWE7-bE</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Anthropogenic climate change meets numerical astrobiology - video
discussion] <br>
<b>Can We Solve Fermi's Paradox? with Dr. Duncan Forgan</b><br>
Event Horizon<br>
What is Fermi's Paradox?<br>
Do aliens exist?<br>
<br>
Can it be solved. Dr. Duncan Forgan explores that in his new book
"Solving Fermi's Paradox", asking if aliens and alien civilizations
exist. Where are they? Why aren't they here yet? And what factors
can keep a civilization from advancing. What if they are long since
dead, how do we look for ancient alien civilizations. <br>
<br>
John Michael Godier also spoke to Dr. Forgan on Event Horizon about
the protocols for what we should do if we find intelligent life.
Especially life that is far more advanced, what do we do if we see a
Dyson sphere? How will the world react, and how should that
information be shared. <br>
<br>
"Solving Fermi's Paradox" by Dr. Duncan Forgan<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://amzn.to/2YbUjp2">https://amzn.to/2YbUjp2</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEmCYv8QII0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEmCYv8QII0</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>[Clean Energy for Biden]<br>
<b>Washington State Clean Energy for Biden Fundraiser</b><br>
You are invited to join us in helping elect Joe Biden for
President<br>
Featuring a "fireside chat" with Maggie Thomas, a former climate
advisor to the<br>
presidential campaigns of Governor Jay Inslee and Senator
Elizabeth Warren.<br>
Gregg Small, Executive Director of Climate Solutions is the
moderator.<br>
Thursday, June 25th 5:00-6:00 PM PST<br>
Virtual platform with opportunity for participant questions<br>
To register for the event, go to <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.givegreen.com/BBIDENEVT2006V">https://www.givegreen.com/BBIDENEVT2006V</a><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Digging back into the internet news archive - this from NYTimes]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
June 23, 1998</b></font><br>
NASA scientist James Hansen warns the US Senate about the risks of
human-caused climate change:<br>
Until now, scientists have been cautious about attributing rising
global temperatures of recent years to the predicted global warming
caused by pollutants in the atmosphere, known as the ''greenhouse
effect.'' But today Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was
99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural
variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other
artificial gases in the atmosphere.<br>
<br>
Dr. Hansen, a leading expert on climate change, said in an interview
that there was no ''magic number'' that showed when the greenhouse
effect was actually starting to cause changes in climate and
weather. But he added, ''It is time to stop waffling so much and say
that the evidence is pretty strong that the greenhouse effect is
here.'' An Impact Lasting Centuries<br>
<br>
If Dr. Hansen and other scientists are correct, then humans, by
burning of fossil fuels and other activities, have altered the
global climate in a manner that will affect life on earth for
centuries to come.<br>
Dr. Hansen, director of NASA's Institute for Space Studies in
Manhattan, testifed before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources
Committee.<br>
<br>
He and other scientists testifying before the Senate panel today
said that projections of the climate change that is now apparently
occurring mean that the Southeastern and Midwestern sections of the
United States will be subject to frequent episodes of very high
temperatures and drought in the next decade and beyond. But they
cautioned that it was not possible to attribute a specific heat wave
to the greenhouse effect, given the still limited state of knowledge
on the subject. Some Dispute Link<br>
<br>
Some scientists still argue that warmer temperatures in recent years
may be a result of natural fluctuations rather than human-induced
changes.<br>
<br>
Several Senators on the Committee joined witnesses in calling for
action now on a broad national and international program to slow the
pace of global warming.<br>
<br>
Senator Timothy E. Wirth, the Colorado Democrat who presided at
hearing today, said: ''As I read it, the scientific evidence is
compelling: the global climate is changing as the earth's atmosphere
gets warmer. Now, the Congress must begin to consider how we are
going to slow or halt that warming trend and how we are going to
cope with the changes that may already be inevitable.'' Trapping of
Solar Radiation<br>
<br>
Mathematical models have predicted for some years now that a buildup
of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and
oil and other gases emitted by human activities into the atmosphere
would cause the earth's surface to warm by trapping infrared
radiation from the sun, turning the entire earth into a kind of
greenhouse.<br>
<br>
If the current pace of the buildup of these gases continues, the
effect is likely to be a warming of 3 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit from
the year 2025 to 2050, according to these projections. This rise in
temperature is not expected to be uniform around the globe but to be
greater in the higher latitudes, reaching as much as 20 degrees, and
lower at the Equator.<br>
<br>
The rise in global temperature is predicted to cause a thermal
expansion of the oceans and to melt glaciers and polar ice, thus
causing sea levels to rise by one to four feet by the middle of the
next century. Scientists have already detected a slight rise in sea
levels. At the same time, heat would cause inland waters to
evaporate more rapidly, thus lowering the level of bodies of water
such as the Great Lakes.<br>
<br>
Dr. Hansen, who records temperatures from readings at monitoring
stations around the world, had previously reported that four of the
hottest years on record occurred in the 1980's. Compared with a
30-year base period from 1950 to 1980, when the global temperature
averaged 59 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature was one-third of a
degree higher last year. In the entire century before 1880, global
temperature had risen by half a degree, rising in the late 1800's
and early 20th century, then roughly stabilizing for unknown reasons
for several decades in the middle of the century. Warmest Year
Expected<br>
<br>
In the first five months of this year, the temperature averaged
about four-tenths of a degree above the base period, Dr. Hansen
reported today. ''The first five months of 1988 are so warm globally
that we conclude that 1988 will be the warmest year on record unless
there is a remarkable, improbable cooling in the remainder of the
year,'' he told the Senate committee.<br>
<br>
He also said that current climate patterns were consistent with the
projections of the greenhouse effect in several respects in addition
to the rise in temperature. For example, he said, the rise in
temperature is greater in high latitudes than in low, is greater
over continents than oceans, and there is cooling in the upper
atmosphere as the lower atmosphere warms up.<br>
<br>
''Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a
high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between
the greenhouse effect and observed warming,'' Dr. Hansen said at the
hearing today, adding, ''It is already happening now.''...<br>
<br>
Dr. Syukuro Manabe of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory of
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration testified today
that a number of factors, including an earlier snowmelt each year
because of higher temperatures and a rain belt that moves farther
north in the summer means that ''it is likely that severe
mid-continental summer dryness will occur more frequently with
increasing atmsopheric temperature.'' A Taste of the Future<br>
<br>
While natural climate variability is the most likely chief cause of
the current drought, Dr. Manabe said, the global warming trend is
probably ''aggravating the current dry condition.'' He added that
the current drought was a foretaste of what the country would be
facing in the years ahead.<br>
<br>
Dr. George Woodwell, director of the Woods Hole Research Center in
Woods Hole, Mass., said that while a slow warming trend would give
human society time to respond, the rate of warming is uncertain. One
factor that could speed up global warming is the widescale
destruction of forests that are unable to adjust rapidly enough to
rising temperatures. The dying forests would release the carbon
dioxide they store in their organic matter, and thus greatly speed
up the greenhouse effect. Sharp Cut in Fuel Use Urged<br>
<br>
Dr. Woodwell, and other members of the panel, said that planning
must begin now for a sharp reduction in the burning of coal, oil and
other fossil fuels that release carbon dioxide. Because trees absorb
and store carbon dioxide, he also proposed an end to the current
rapid clearing of forests in many parts of the world and ''a
vigorous program of reforestation.''<br>
<br>
Some experts also believe that concern over global warming caused by
the burning of fossil fuels warrants a renewed effort to develop
safe nuclear power. Others stress the need for more efficient use of
energy through conservation and other measures to curb fuel-burning.<br>
<br>
Dr. Michael Oppenheimer, an atmospheric physicist with the
Environmental Defense Fund, a national environmental group, said a
number of steps can be taken immediately around the world, including
the ratification and then strengthening of the treaty to reduce use
of chlorofluorocarbons, which are widely used industrial chemicals
that are said to contribute to the greenhouse effect. These
chemicals have also been found to destroy ozone in the upper
atmosphere that protects the earth's surface from harmful
ultraviolet radiation from the sun.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html</a>
<br>
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