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<p><i><font size="+1"><b>October 1, 2020</b></font></i></p>
[follow the money]<br>
<b>Shell to cut up to 9,000 jobs as oil demand slumps</b><br>
30 September 2020<br>
Royal Dutch Shell has said it plans to cut 7,000 to 9,000 jobs as it
responds to challenges including the slump in oil demand amid the
Covid-19 pandemic.<br>
<br>
The oil giant said the cuts would be implemented by 2022 and
included 1,500 people who were taking voluntary redundancy.<br>
<br>
It gave no indication of where the job losses would happen.<br>
<br>
The move comes five months after it cut its dividend for the first
time since World War Two.<br>
<br>
Shell chief executive Ben van Beurden said the job cuts were "the
right thing to do for the future of the company" as it strives to
become a net-zero emissions energy business.<br>
<br>
Shell employs 83,000 people worldwide, including 6,000 in the UK. It
has been hit by a substantial drop in profits since the pandemic
struck.<br>
<br>
It saw a 46% fall in first-quarter net income to $2.9bn (£2.3bn),
while second-quarter income fell 82% to $638m.<br>
<br>
The firm said third-quarter earnings were expected to be "at the
lower end of the $800m to $875m range"...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-54351815">https://www.bbc.com/news/business-54351815</a><br>
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</p>
[current wildfire and smoke hazard maps]<br>
<b>Hazard Mapping System Fire and Smoke Product</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/hms.html">https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/land/hms.html</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
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</p>
[current commentary]<br>
<b>Proud Boys and petro-masculinity</b><br>
The hate group Trump called out at Tuesday's debate subscribes to a
version of masculinity that researchers say is a driving force
behind climate denial.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://heated.world/p/proud-boys-and-petro-masculinity">https://heated.world/p/proud-boys-and-petro-masculinity</a>
<p>- -</p>
[academic source]<br>
<b>Petro-masculinity: Fossil Fuels and Authoritarian Desire</b><br>
Cara Daggett<br>
First Published June 20, 2018 Research Article<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829818775817">https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829818775817</a><br>
<blockquote>As the planet warms, new authoritarian movements in the
West are embracing a toxic combination of climate denial, racism
and misogyny. Rather than consider these resentments separately,
this article interrogates their relationship through the concept
of petro-masculinity, which appreciates the historic role of
fossil fuel systems in buttressing white patriarchal rule.
Petro-masculinity is helpful to understanding how the anxieties
aroused by the Anthropocene can augment desires for
authoritarianism. The concept of petro-masculinity suggests that
fossil fuels mean more than profit; fossil fuels also contribute
to making identities, which poses risks for post-carbon energy
politics. Moreover, through a psycho-political reading of
authoritarianism, I show how fossil fuel use can function as a
violent compensatory practice in reaction to gender and climate
trouble.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0305829818775817">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0305829818775817</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>[Bernie speaks minutes after viewing]<br>
<b>Bernie Sanders Reacts to Trump Biden Debate</b><br>
Sep 29, 2020<br>
Jimmy Kimmel Live<br>
Senator Sanders talks about the debate between Donald Trump and
Joe Biden, Trump's refusal to accept real science, Biden's
thoughts on the Green New Deal and plans to combat the climate
crisis, Trump refusing to condemn white supremacists, whether
televised debates are constructive, Trump trying to do away with
coverage for pre-existing conditions, the hypocrisy of Lindsey
Graham in respect to Trump's Supreme Court nomination, Americans
losing faith in the electoral process, Trump cheating the tax
system, and what he says to people who are thinking about not
voting.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO1o66Ti2bA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MO1o66Ti2bA</a><br>
</p>
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</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Humorous, scientifically instructive video]<b><br>
</b><b>Climate Change Is An Absolute Nightmare - This Is Why</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqwvf6R1_QY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqwvf6R1_QY</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
["Debate" transcript from Hill Heat]<br>
<b>The Biden-Trump Climate Debate, Transcribed With An Attempt At
Accurately Portraying Trump's Interruptions And Identifying His
Falsehoods</b><br>
<br>
Posted by Brad Johnson Sept 30, 2020<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> I would like to talk about climate change.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> So would I.<br>
<b>WALLACE: </b>Okay. The forest fires in the west are raging now.
They have burned millions of acres. They have displaced hundreds of
thousands of people. When state officials there blame the fires on
climate change, Mr. President, you said, 'I don't think the science
knows.' Over your four years, you have pulled the US out of the
Paris climate accord. You have rolled back a number of Obama
environmental records [sic]. What do you believe about the science
of climate change and what will you do in the next four years to
confront it?<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> I want crystal clean water and air. I want beautiful
clean air. We have now the lowest carbon. If you look at our numbers
right now, we are doing phenomenally. [Ed.: False.] But I haven't
destroyed our businesses. Our businesses aren't put out of
commission. If you look at the Paris accord, it was a disaster from
our standpoint. And people are actually very happy about what is
going on, because our businesses are doing well.<br>
<br>
As far as the fires are concerned, you need forest management in
addition to everything else. The forest floors are loaded up with
trees, dead trees that are years old, and they're like tinder and
leaves and everything else. You drop a cigarette in there, the whole
forest burns down. You've gotta have forest management, you've gotta
have cuts ...<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> What do you believe about the science of climate
change, sir?<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> Uh, I believe that we have to do everything we can to
have immaculate air, immaculate water and do whatever else we can
that's good. You know, we'e planting a billion trees, the billion
tree project, and it's very exciting to a lot of people.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> Do you believe that human pollution, gas, greenhouse
gas emissions contributes to the global warming of the planet?<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> I think that lot of things do, but to an extent yes, I
think to an extent yes, but I also think we have to do better
management of our forests. Every year, I get the call, California's
burning, California is burning. If that was cleaned, if that were,
if you had forest management, good forest management, you wouldn't
be getting those calls. You know, in Europe they live their forest
cities. They're called forest cities and they maintain their
forests. I was with the head of a major country it's a forest city.
He said, 'Sir, we have trees that are far more, they ignite much
easier than California. There shouldn't be that problem.' [Ed.: He
completely made this up.] I spoke with the Governor about it. I'm
getting along very well with the governor. But I said, 'At some
point you can't every year have hundreds of thousands of acres of
land just burned to the ground.'<br>
<b>WALLACE</b>: But sir ...<br>
That's burning down because of a lack of management.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> But sir, if you believe in the science of climate
change, why have you rolled back the Obama Clean Power Plan which
limited carbon emissions and power plants? Why have you relaxed...?<br>
<b>TRUMP: </b>Because it was driving energy prices through the sky.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> Why have you relaxed fuel economy standards that are
going to create more pollution from cars and trucks?<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> Well, not really because what's happening is the car
is much less expensive and it's a much safer car and you talk it
about a tiny difference. And then what would happen because of the
cost of the car you would have at least double and triple the number
of cars purchased. We have the old slugs out there that are ten,
twelve years old. If you did that, the car would be safer. It would
be much cheaper by $3,500. [Ed.: Basically everything he said here
is false.]<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> But in the case of California they have simply
ignored that.<br>
<b>TRUMP</b>: No, but you would take a lot of cars off the market
because people would be able to afford a car. Now, by the way, we're
going to see how that turns out. But a lot of people agree with me,
many people. The car has gotten so expensive because they have
computers all over the place for an extra little <b>[WALLACE:</b>
Okay.] bit of gasoline. [BIDEN: That's not...] [Ed.: False.] And I'm
okay with electric cars too. I think I'm all for electric cars. I've
given big incentives for electric cars. [Ed.: False.] But what
they've done in California is just crazy.<br>
<b>WALLACE</b>: All right, Vice President Biden. I'd like you to
respond to the president's climate change record but I also want to
ask you about a concern. You propose $2 trillion in green jobs. You
talk about new limits, not abolishing, but new limits on fracking.
Ending the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity by 2035 and
zero net emission of greenhouse gases by 2050. The president says a
lot of these things would tank the economy and cost millions of
jobs.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> He's absolutely wrong, number one. Number two, if, in
fact, during our administration in the Recovery Act, I was in
charge, able to bring down the cost of renewable energy to cheaper
than or as cheap as coal and gas and oil. [Ed.: Getting there.]
Nobody's going to build another coal-fired plant in America. No
one's going to build another oil-fired plant in America. They're
going to move to renewable energy.<br>
<br>
Number one, number two, we're going to make sure that we are able to
take the federal fleet and turn it into a fleet that's run on their
electric vehicles. Making sure that we can do that, we're going to
put 500,000 charging stations in all of the highways that we're
going to be building in the future.<br>
<br>
We're going to build a economy that in fact is going to provide for
the ability of us to take 4 million buildings and make sure that
they in fact are weatherized in a way that in fact will, they'll
emit significantly less gas and oil because the heat will not be
going out.<br>
<br>
There's so many things that we can do now to create thousands and
thousands of jobs. We can get to net zero, in terms of energy
production [sic], by 2035. Not only not costing people jobs,
creating jobs, creating millions of good-paying jobs. Not 15 bucks
an hour, but prevailing wage, by having a new infrastructure that in
fact, is green.<br>
<br>
And the first thing I will do, I will rejoin the Paris accord. I
will join the Paris accord because with us out of it, look what's
happening. It's all falling apart. And talk about someone who has
no, no relationship with foreign policy. Brazil - the rainforests of
Brazil are being torn down, are being ripped down. More, more carbon
is absorbed in that rainforest than every bit of carbon that's
emitted in the United States. Instead of doing something about that,
I would be gathering up and making sure we had the countries of the
world coming up with $20 billion, and say, 'Here's $20 billion.
Stop, stop tearing down the forest. And If you don't, then you're
going to have significant economic consequences.'<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> What about the argument that President Trump
basically says, that you have to balance environmental interests and
economic interests? And he's drawn his line.<br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>Well, he hasn't drawn a line. He still for example,
he wants to make sure that methane's not a problem [sic]. You can
now emit more methane without it being a problem. Methane. This is a
guy who says that you don't have to have mileage standards for
automobiles that exist now. This is the guy who says that, the fact
that ...<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> Not true. Not true.<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> He's talking about the Green New Deal.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> It's all true. And here's the deal ... <br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>I'm talking about the Biden plan. I'm ... I'm ...<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> And it's not 2 billion or 20 billion, as you said.
It's 100 trillion dollars.<br>
<b>WALLACE</b><b> (to TRUMP):</b> Let him go for a minute, and then
you can go.<br>
Where they want to rip down buildings and rebuild the building. It's
the dumbest, most ridiculous where airplanes are out of business,<br>
where two car systems are out,<br>
where they want to take out the cows too.<br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>I'm talking about the Biden plan. I'm ... I'm ...<br>
<br>
No.<br>
<br>
That is not...<br>
<br>
That is not...<br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>Not true.<br>
<b>TRUMP:T</b>hat's not true either, right?<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> Not true. <br>
<b>TRUMP:</b>This is a 100 trillion-<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> Not true.<br>
<b>TRUMP</b>:This is a 100 trillion-<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> Simply... Look-<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> That's more money than our country could make in 100
years if we're -<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> All right. Let me . . . Wait a minute, sir.<br>
<br>
That is simply not the case.<br>
<b>WALLACE: </b>I actually have studied your plan, and it includes
upgrading 4 million buildings, weatherizing 2 million homes over
four years, building one and a half million energy efficient homes.
So the question becomes, some, the president is saying, I think some
people who support the president would say, that sounds like it's
going to cost a lot of money and hurt the economy.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> What it's going to do, it's going to create thousands
and millions of jobs.<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> 100 trillion dollars.<br>
Good paying jobs.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> Let him finish, sir.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> He doesn't know how to do that.<br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>The fact is, it's going to create millions of good
paying jobs, and these tax incentives for people to weatherize,
which he wants to get rid of. It's going to make the economy much
safer. Look how much we're paying now to deal with the hurricanes,
deal with... By the way, he has an answer for hurricanes. He said,
maybe we should drop a nuclear weapon on them, and they may-<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> I never said that at all-<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> Yeah, he did say that.<br>
<b>TRUMP: </b>They made it up.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> And here's the deal.<br>
<b>TRUMP: </b>You make up a lot.<br>
We're going to be in a position where we can create hard, hard, good
jobs by making sure the environment is clean, and we all are in
better shape. We spend billions of dollars now, billions of dollars,
on floods, hurricanes, rising seas. We're in real trouble. Look
what's happened just in the Midwest with these storms that come
through and wipe out entire sections and counties in Iowa. They
didn't happen before. They're because of global warming. We make up
15% of the world's problem. We in fact ... But the rest of the
world, we've got to get them to come along. That's why we have to
get back into, back into the Paris Accord.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> All right, gentlemen-<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> Wait a minute, Chris. So why didn't he do it for 47
years?<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> For 47-<br>
You were vice president, so why didn't you get the world... China
sends up real dirt into the air. Russia does. India does. They all
do. We're supposed to be good. And by the way, he made a couple of
statements.<br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>That is not my plan. The Green New Deal is not my
plan. If he knew anything about, if he knew anything about ...<br>
The Green New Deal is a hundred trillion dollars, not 20 billion.
You want to rebuild every building, you want to rebuild every
building.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> Gentlemen. . .<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> He made a statement about the military. He said I said
something about the military. He and his friends made it up, and
then they went with it. I never said it.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> That is not true.<br>
You're done in this segment.<br>
<br>
Mister, please, sir.<br>
<br>
Stop.<br>
What he did is he said he called the military stupid bastards.<br>
He said it on tape. He said stupid bastards. He said it.<br>
I would never say that.<br>
You're on tape . . [Snopes: Mostly false.]<br>
<br>
I did not say that . . .<br>
Play it. Play it-<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> Go ahead, Mr. Vice President, answer his final
question.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> The final question is, I can't remember which of all
his rantings he was talking about.<br>
<b>WALLACE (laughing):</b> I'm having a little trouble myself,
but...<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> Yeah.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> And about the economy and about this question of
what it's going to cost.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> The economy-<br>
<b>WALLACE: </b>I mean, the Green New Deal and the idea of what
your environmental changes will do.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> The Green New Deal will pay for itself as we move
forward. We're not going to build plants that, in fact, are great
polluting plants-<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> So, do you support the Green New Deal?<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> Pardon me?<br>
<b>WALLACE: </b>Do you support the ...<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> No, I don't support the Green New Deal.<br>
<b>TRUMP: </b>Oh, you don't? Oh, well, that's a big statement.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> I support the -<br>
<b>TRUMP:</b> That means you just lost the radical left.<br>
<b>BIDEN:</b> I support the Biden plan that I put forward.<br>
<b>WALLACE:</b> Okay.<br>
<b>BIDEN: </b>The Biden plan, which is different than what he calls
the radical Green New Deal.<br>
Transcript from Rev.com with additional edits and formatting by Hill
Heat.<br>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.hillheat.com/articles/2020/09/30/biden-trump-climate-debate-transcribed-with-an-attempt-at-accurately-portraying-trumps-interruptions">http://www.hillheat.com/articles/2020/09/30/biden-trump-climate-debate-transcribed-with-an-attempt-at-accurately-portraying-trumps-interruptions</a><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
[election opinion]<br>
<b>The End of Climate Change Denial Is the Start of Something Much
Worse</b><br>
Brian Kahn<br>
Sept 30, 2020<br>
Last night's presidential debate was an abomination by just about
any standard. The sitting president told white supremacists to
"stand by," took no responsibility for the deaths of more than
200,000 Americans killed by covid-19, refused to back a peaceful
transfer of power, and generally lied with reckless abandon while
moderator Chris Wallace essentially took a nap in the green room for
most of it then laughed off the whole proceeding at the end.<br>
<br>
As a climate reporter, the one "bright" spot was actually hearing
Wallace wake from his slumber to ask a series of climate questions
in the waning minutes of the debate. It broke 12 years of climate
silence at presidential debates (and proved Chris Wallace clearly
reads Earther). I have quibbles with the questions themselves, but
President Donald Trump's responses, in particular, showed that
outright climate denial is basically done for, at least at the
policymaking level. The only problem is, the toxic stew replacing it
is much, much worse.<br>
<br>
Without outright denial of human-caused climate change to lean on,
Trump and the rest of the far-right are reverting to
anti-democratic, potentially violent tactics to maintain their hold
on power despite the mutual destruction their goals will mean for us
all.<br>
<br>
Wallace's first question to Trump on climate was about his beliefs.
In 2018, I said they were no longer worth asking him about because
his brain makes lace look like a wall of steel. The incoherence was
present again, but this time Trump copped to greenhouse gas
emissions "to an extent" causing the climate crisis. (They are the
primary cause.) He then segued to talking about California and also
needing "better management of our forest" while implying climate
change played a role in the state's devastating wildfires. The
section of the debate discussing science was also basically the only
time during the 90 minutes of hell that Trump actually shut up--and
he even hedged in favor of electric cars!<br>
<br>
It shows that the flat out climate denial that dominated
conservative politics for most of this century has lost its grip.
The reasons are simple: Looking at the state of the world in 2020,
it is impossible to deny what's happening right outside our windows.
Raging fires, wild hurricanes, intense rainstorms, coastal cities
flooding under sunny skies due to rising seas.<br>
<br>
But what's replacing denial is a darker evolution of conservatism in
a climate-constrained era. Trump has, first and foremost, served
industries actively making climate change worse by deregulating
everything from power plants to cars to endangered species and water
protections. That will accelerate the crisis that Trump begrudgingly
acknowledged. But you can't acknowledge a crisis then defend
policies that clearly make it worse.<br>
<br>
Sure, he hand waved about the Green New Deal (which Democratic
nominee Joe Biden does not support, though his climate plan
incorporates some of its elements), lied about the cost of
addressing climate change, and said: "they want to take out the
cows." They're predictable, tired-ass Republican talking points
stuff. All that is bad and unforgivable given that repeating these
talking points is designed to delay climate policy that will, in
turn, conscript millions around the world to suffering,
displacement, and death. But it's the policies and tactics Trump
said outside the climate portion of the debate that will have a
truly chilling impact on our ability to slow Earth's warming.<br>
<br>
First up is the foundation of democracy itself: voting. Trump's
refusal to accept losing the election and wild lies about voter
fraud are part of a greater Republican push to disenfranchise
voters. The goal is to keep as many Americans from voting as
possible. And for those who can cast a ballot, Republicans are
looking to invalidate them. It's a way of maintaining minority rule,
with a president who lost the popular vote and a Senate that
Republican control despite representing 15 million fewer Americans.
That perversion of democracy is step one to ensuring climate policy
remains a pipe dream, despite a majority of Americans actually
wanting the government to address the crisis.<br>
<br>
Likewise, Trump's race to appoint Supreme Court nominee Amy Coney
Barrett--who he said during the debates was "good in every way"
despite much evidence to the contrary--will ensure the court
represents business interests for decades to come. Even if Democrats
win the White House and Senate, hold the House, and pass meaningful
climate legislation (dare to dream, right?), any challenge to it
would appear before a court that has six conservatives that could
shoot down any new laws--not to mention regulations put forward by
executive order. A court with Coney Barrett--whose entire judicial
philosophy justifies reversing precedents--could even overturn
previous rulings, including a landmark case that allows the
Environmental Protection Agency to regulate greenhouse gases.<br>
<br>
The most putrid part of the debate, though, was Trump's call to the
Proud Boys, a far-right hate group, to "stand back and stand by."
That poses an immediate threat as the election approaches where the
Republican approach is disenfranchisement by any means necessary. In
the context of the climate crisis, it could lead to violent outcomes
targeting the most vulnerable among us.<br>
<br>
In recent years, the rise of ecofascism has also put a new twist on
a hateful ideology. It left a horrific imprint on El Paso last year,
when a gunman killed 22 people. He wrote a manifesto decrying
corporate pollution and arguing the U.S. needed to "get rid of
enough people" as justification for cold-blooded murder.<br>
<br>
Just this month, we've also seen the far-right embrace wildfire
conspiracy theories as a way to test boundaries and usurp power in
Oregon. While it's not textbook ecofascism, it's a sign of the
growing ways the far-right is using the climate crisis--which
Republican policies are making worse--to further its goals of white
supremacy.<br>
<br>
The coming decades will be a time of great upheaval. Activists will
be in the streets clamoring for just policies that meet the moment
to deal with climate change and the intertwined issues of racism and
inequality at the same time as Republicans are courting violent
forces to repress the popular will. Climate denial was a form of
slow violence. Now, Trump and Republicans appear to be embracing an
accelerationist view while propping up polluters at all costs.<br>
Brian Kahn<br>
Managing editor, Earther<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://earther.gizmodo.com/the-end-of-climate-change-denial-is-the-start-of-someth-1845227380">https://earther.gizmodo.com/the-end-of-climate-change-denial-is-the-start-of-someth-1845227380</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[don't go near warm waters - HAB = harmful Algal Bloom]<br>
<b>How harmful algae respond to rising water temperatures</b><br>
by University of Delaware<br>
As climate change leads to rising global ocean temperatures, the
past few decades have witnessed a significant increase in the
frequency, intensity and geographic range of harmful algal blooms
(HABs).<br>
<br>
HABs occur when a small portion of the marine phytoplankton
community that consist of harmful algal species produce in high
numbers, causing adverse effects on their ecosystems. This can be
witnessed in Delaware and throughout the world when bodies of water
turn green or brown in summer. Some of these HABs produce toxins
that pass through the food web and cause fish and shellfish kills,
which can affect human health...<br>
- -<br>
"I was very surprised to see how closely our results match with
those historical data," said Vidyarathna. "This shows the importance
of local monitoring programs like the UD Citizen Monitoring Program
who collected the data and shared them with us."<br>
<br>
The next steps for the research are to look at the combined effects
of ocean warming and ocean acidification on harmful algal species.
This is important because global warming leads not only to higher
ocean temperatures but also to increasing ocean acidification, which
may alter the physiology of harmful algal species.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://phys.org/news/2020-10-algae-temperatures.html">https://phys.org/news/2020-10-algae-temperatures.html</a><br>
<p>- - <br>
</p>
[collected academic papers posted 2015]<b><br>
</b><b>Special Issue "Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and Public Health:
Progress and Current Challenges"</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins/special_issues/HABs">https://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins/special_issues/HABs</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[journal open access source ]<br>
<b>Harmful Algae</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.journals.elsevier.com/harmful-algae">https://www.journals.elsevier.com/harmful-algae</a><br>
<p>- - <br>
</p>
[free to read]<br>
<b>Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms: Insights and perspective</b><br>
Abstract<br>
<blockquote>Climate change is transforming aquatic ecosystems.
Coastal waters have experienced progressive warming,
acidification, and deoxygenation that will intensify this century.
At the same time, there is a scientific consensus that the public
health, recreation, tourism, fishery, aquaculture, and ecosystem
impacts from harmful algal blooms (HABs) have all increased over
the past several decades. The extent to which climate change is
intensifying these HABs is not fully clear, but there has been a
wealth of research on this topic this century alone. Indeed, the
United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC)
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
(SROCC) approved in September 2019 was the first IPCC report to
directly link HABs to climate change. In the Summary for Policy
Makers, the report made the following declarations with "high
confidence":<br>
- Harmful algal blooms display range expansion and increased
frequency in coastal areas since the 1980s in response to both
climatic and non-climatic drivers such as increased riverine
nutrients run-off.<br>
- The observed trends in harmful algal blooms are attributed
partly to the effects of ocean warming, marine heatwaves, oxygen
loss, eutrophication and pollution.<br>
- Harmful algal blooms have had negative impacts on food security,
tourism, local economy, and human health.<br>
</blockquote>
In addition, the report specifically outlines a series of linkages
between heat waves and HABs. These statements about HABs and climate
change and the high levels of confidence ascribed to them provides
clear evidence that the field of HABs and climate change has matured
and has, perhaps, reached a first plateau of certainty. While there
are well-documented global trends in HABs being promoted by human
activity, including climate change, individual events are driven by
local, regional, and global drivers, making it critical to carefully
evaluate the conditions and responses at appropriate scales. It is
within this context that the first Special Issue on Climate Change
and Harmful Algal Blooms is published in Harmful Algae.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988319302045">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568988319302045</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
[Digging back into the internet news archive]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
October 1, 2013 </b></font><br>
<p>October 1, 2013: Syndicated columnist Eugene Robinson writes:<br>
<br>
"Skeptics and deniers can make all the noise they want, but a
landmark new report is unequivocal: There is a 95 percent chance
that human-generated emissions of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases are changing the climate in ways that court
disaster.<br>
<br>
"That's the bottom line from the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, which Monday released the latest of its
comprehensive, every-six-years assessments of the scientific
consensus about climate change. According to the IPCC, there is
only a 1-in-20 chance that human activity is not causing dangerous
warming.<br>
<br>
"You may like those betting odds. If so, let's get together for a
friendly game of poker, and please don't forget to bring cash."<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/10/01/warm_enough_for_you_120159.html">http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2013/10/01/warm_enough_for_you_120159.html</a><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
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