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<p><i><font size="+1"><b>December 17, 2020</b></font></i></p>
[Follow the money]<br>
<b>Federal Reserve joins global group focused on fighting climate
change</b><br>
DEC 16 2020<br>
With average temperatures climbing and severe weather events
happening more frequently, the Fed is increasing its consideration
of how environmental shifts could create risk for the financial
sector.<br>
In its most recent financial stability report, the Fed included a
section dedicated to the issue of climate change...<br>
- -<br>
The Federal Reserve Board announced on Tuesday that it has formally
joined the Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the
Financial System, or NGFS, as a member. By bringing together central
banks and supervisory authorities from around the world, NGFS
supports the exchange of ideas, research, and best practices on the
development of environment and climate risk management for the
financial sector. The Board began participating in NGFS discussions
and activities more than a year ago.<br>
<br>
"As we develop our understanding of how best to assess the impact of
climate change on the financial system, we look forward to
continuing and deepening our discussions with our NGFS colleagues
from around the world," said Federal Reserve Board Chair Jerome H.
Powell...<br>
The letter also expressed concern that introducing climate-change
aspects into those measurements could have a chilling effect on
banks’ willingness to extend credit to industries such as coal, oil
and gas.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/16/fed-makes-move-that-signals-growing-focus-on-climate-change-risk.html">https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/16/fed-makes-move-that-signals-growing-focus-on-climate-change-risk.html</a>
<p>- -</p>
[press release]<br>
December 15, 2020<br>
<b>Federal Reserve Board announces it has formally joined the
Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the
Financial System, or NGFS, as a member</b><br>
The Federal Reserve Board announced on Tuesday that it has formally
joined the Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the
Financial System, or NGFS, as a member. By bringing together central
banks and supervisory authorities from around the world, NGFS
supports the exchange of ideas, research, and best practices on the
development of environment and climate risk management for the
financial sector. The Board began participating in NGFS discussions
and activities more than a year ago.<br>
<br>
"As we develop our understanding of how best to assess the impact of
climate change on the financial system, we look forward to
continuing and deepening our discussions with our NGFS colleagues
from around the world," said Federal Reserve Board Chair Jerome H.
Powell...<br>
- -<br>
“This news ... is a clear indication that the agency is
acknowledging its role in addressing the systemic risk of climate
change,” said Steven Rothstein, managing director of the group, in a
statement.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20201215a.htm">https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20201215a.htm</a>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
[new data category]<br>
<b>UK: Air pollution listed as cause of 9-year-old's death</b><br>
A British coroner has ruled that excessive air pollution from
traffic fumes contributed to the death of a 9-year-old girl who died
of a fatal asthma attack<br>
LONDON -- A British coroner ruled Wednesday that excessive air
pollution from traffic fumes contributed to the death of a
9-year-old girl who died of a fatal asthma attack. The girl is
believed to be the first person in the U.K. to have air pollution
listed as the cause of death on their death certificate...<br>
<p>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/uk-air-pollution-listed-year-olds-death-74760756">https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/uk-air-pollution-listed-year-olds-death-74760756</a></p>
<p>- - </p>
[perhaps the biggest in all history]<br>
<b>The Great Smog of 1952</b><br>
For five days in December 1952, the Great Smog of London smothered
the city, wreaking havoc and killing thousands.<br>
- - <br>
The smog was so dense that residents in some sections of the city
were unable to see their feet as they walked. For five days, the
Great Smog paralyzed London and crippled all transportation, except
for the London Underground train system.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.history.com/news/the-killer-fog-that-blanketed-london-60-years-ago">https://www.history.com/news/the-killer-fog-that-blanketed-london-60-years-ago</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>[from history - helping to transcribe weather data]<br>
</p>
<b>Old Weather</b><br>
Help scientists transcribe Arctic and worldwide weather observations
recorded in ship's logs since the mid-19th century.<br>
First voyage Zooniverse projects<br>
<br>
Old Weather: WWII Recover hidden weather data collected by the Navy
during World War II<br>
The deep More challenging projects<br>
Old Weather: Whaling Explore the Arctic of the past from the deck of
a whaling ship <br>
<p>Old Weather: Arctic Rediscover the historic Arctic voyages of the
U.S. Navy and Coast Guard</p>
<p><b>The Project</b><br>
Old Weather volunteers explore, mark, and transcribe historic
ship's logs from the 19th and early 20th centuries. We need your
help because this task is impossible for computers, due to diverse
and idiosyncratic handwriting that only human beings can read and
understand effectively.<br>
<br>
By participating in Old Weather you'll be helping advance research
in multiple fields. Data about past weather and sea-ice conditions
are vital for climate scientists, while historians value knowing
about the course of a voyage and the events that transpired. Since
many of these logs haven't been examined since they were
originally filled in by a mariner long ago you might even discover
something surprising.<br>
<br>
<b>About the Science</b><br>
Millions of weather, ocean, and sea-ice observations recorded by
mariners and scientists over the past 150 years are being
recovered by Old Weather. These data are made freely available in
digital formats suitable for climate model assimilation,
retrospective analysis (reanalysis), and other kinds of research.
The performance of data-assimilating modeling and extended
reanalysis systems is greatly improved, the uncertainty of results
(especially in sparsely observed regions like the Arctic) is
reduced, and new long-period calibration and validation data sets
are being created. As the historical data resource is extended
farther back in time it will be possible to study a wider range of
weather and climate phenomena and to better understand their
impact on the Arctic and global environment, now and in the
future.<br>
</p>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.oldweather.org/">https://www.oldweather.org/</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[explained in a video]<br>
<b>Old Weather: Citizen Scientists</b><br>
Aug 5, 2016<br>
NOAAPMEL<br>
Become a citizen scientist and help recover weather observation data
from logs made by US ships since the mid-19th century.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/3wL9Q_puFak">https://youtu.be/3wL9Q_puFak</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[Blog Post from Old Weather]<br>
<b>A new Old Weather project</b><br>
<b>December 16, 2020 <br>
by Kevin Wood</b><br>
Old Weather – WW2 is now an active Zooniverse project. The purpose
of this project is to recover hidden marine weather data recorded in
U.S. Navy ships’ logbooks during World War II. Like all Old Weather
projects, these data will be used to drive sophisticated computer
models that help us understand and reconstruct weather and climate
in extraordinary detail. But there is another goal that is just as
vital – to uncover the source of a mysterious distortion in
sea-surface temperature data collected during the war.<br>
<br>
This distortion, which Chan & Huybers refer to as the World War
II Warm Anomaly, may not be physical in nature, but, they argue,
arises from earlier bias adjustments applied to correct for
differences in sampling methods. The age-old technique of hauling up
a bucket of seawater then taking its temperature on deck produces a
different value compared to those collected from an engine-room
cooling water intake, for example. There may even be differences in
values because of the characteristics of particular ships,
especially how deep they sit in the water (their draft). So knowing
the fleet composition within the data set, and the specifics of how
the measurements were made is crucial to teasing out an answer.<br>
<br>
Because of the work we’ve been doing with the U.S. National Archives
over the past eight years or so we are in a unique position to help
investigate this question – we have digital images of many of the
original U.S. Navy logbooks. The logs we are transcribing in this
project were selected because the ships were often in the same place
at the same time, even moored alongside each other in nests. All but
two survived the entire war, 1941-1945. Twelve were based at Pearl
Harbor in 1941, eighteen were in the Aleutian Islands in 1942-1943,
and ten were caught in Typhoon Cobra in December 1944. This opens up
many opportunities to investigate sources of bias, from factors
associated with different ship types, the weather instruments in use
at different times, or changes in methods required by wartime
operations (such as blackout for example). It will also be possible
to investigate how tropical and sub-polar environments may have
influenced the data in different ways.<br>
<br>
Moreover, with logbooks in hand, we can also better understand
legacy issues associated with U.S. Navy data key-punched onto IBM
cards in the early 1950s and subsequently migrated into today’s
widely used International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set
(ICOADS). Already we have found out that the fleet composition
represented in ICOADS is tilted toward submarines, destroyers, and
destroyer escorts. Aircraft carriers, with probably the
best-equipped and best-trained weather personnel in the Navy, appear
to be mostly neglected.<br>
<br>
The World War II Warm Anomaly is large enough to appear in the
long-term global mean sea-surface temperature record. This presents
as an aspect of natural variability that may not in fact be real. If
this turns out to be true, the corrected temperature record would
appear to evolve upward more smoothly over time, and correspond more
closely to model results as described by Chan & Huybers.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://oldweather.wordpress.com/2020/12/16/a-new-old-weather-project/">https://oldweather.wordpress.com/2020/12/16/a-new-old-weather-project/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
[Digging back into the internet news archive]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
December 17, 2014 </b></font><br>
<p>The New York Times reports: <br>
<br>
"The Cuomo administration announced Wednesday that it would ban
hydraulic fracturing in New York State, ending years of
uncertainty by concluding that the controversial method of
extracting gas from deep underground could contaminate the state’s
air and water and pose inestimable public-health risks."<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/nyregion/cuomo-to-ban-fracking-in-new-york-state-citing-health-risks.html?mwrsm=Email">http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/nyregion/cuomo-to-ban-fracking-in-new-york-state-citing-health-risks.html?mwrsm=Email</a>
<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/12/17/3604762/breaking-new-york-will-pursue-fracking-ban/">http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/12/17/3604762/breaking-new-york-will-pursue-fracking-ban/</a>
<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.msnbc.com/all-in/watch/andrew-cuomo--im-not-a-scientist-374321731971">http://www.msnbc.com/all-in/watch/andrew-cuomo--im-not-a-scientist-374321731971</a>
<br>
/-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------/<br>
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