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<p><i><font size="+1"><b>December 22, 2020</b></font></i></p>
[Covid meets Climate in Congress]<b><br>
</b><b>Climate Change Legislation Included in Coronavirus Relief
Deal</b><br>
The legislation calls for cutting the use of powerful planet-warming
chemicals common in air-conditioners and refrigerators.<br>
By Coral Davenport - Dec. 21, 2020<br>
WASHINGTON — In the waning days of the 116th Congress, lawmakers
have authorized $35 billion in spending on wind, solar and other
clean power sources while curtailing the use of a potent
planet-warming chemical used in air-conditioners and refrigerators.<br>
<br>
Both measures, backed by some of the Senate’s most powerful
Republicans, were attached to the huge government spending and
coronavirus relief package that is expected to head to President
Trump’s desk early this week, effectively creating the first
significant climate change law since at least 2009.<br>
<br>
They amount to a rare party rebuke to Mr. Trump on the issue of
global warming, after he spent the past four years mocking and
systematically rolling back every major climate change rule. The
comity may also signal that while President-elect Joseph R. Biden
Jr. is unlikely to secure his full climate plan, he may be able to
make some progress in curbing global warming.<br>
<br>
Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, called the
effort “the single biggest victory in the fight against climate
change to pass this body in a decade.”...<br>
Senator John Barrasso, Republican of Wyoming and a leading opponent
of most climate change policies, also celebrated: “This agreement
protects both American consumers and American businesses,” he said.
“We can have clean air without damaging our economy.”<br>
<br>
Advocates for climate change policy said passage of the climate
measures — especially the limits on refrigerants — could signal to
the rest of the world that the United States is ready to rejoin the
global effort to slow the warming of the planet. The coolant
phase-down would be one of the most significant federal policies
ever taken to cut greenhouse gas emissions, according to an analysis
by the Rhodium Group, a research and consulting firm.<br>
<br>
By 2035, the law would help avoid the equivalent of 949 million tons
of carbon dioxide, the group estimated, which is similar in scope to
the extra expected emissions from Mr. Trump’s climate policy
rollbacks on vehicle pollution and methane from oil and gas
operations.<br>
<br>
Mr. Biden has pledged to enact the most ambitious climate change
agenda by a president. On his Inauguration Day he is expected to
formally rejoin the Paris agreement, the 2015 pact under which
nearly every country agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Mr.
Trump formally withdrew the United States from the agreement in
November. Mr. Biden has also pledged to host a global climate summit
in Washington within the first 100 days of his administration.<br>
<br>
The bill to cut planet-warming refrigerants “is the most important
thing, along with rejoining Paris, that they can show in the first
100 days,” said Durwood Zaelke, president of the Institute of
Governance and Sustainable Development, a research organization.
“This is one of the first exhibits of success.”...<br>
The new legislation would require the nation’s chemical
manufacturers to phase down the production and use of coolants
called hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs. They are a small percentage of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, compared with carbon dioxide
from the fossil fuels that power vehicles, electric plants and
factories, but they have 1,000 times the heat-trapping potency of
carbon dioxide.<br>
<br>
In a 2016 accord signed in Kigali, Rwanda, in the last days of the
Obama administration, 197 nations agreed to phase out HFCs in favor
of alternatives that are less dangerous to the climate. The Kigali
agreement was an amendment to the Montreal Protocol, the landmark
1987 treaty designed to close the hole in the ozone layer.<br>
<br>
Once the Kigali amendment is implemented by all nations, scientists
say it would stave off an increase of atmospheric temperatures of
nearly one degree Fahrenheit. That would be a major step toward
averting an atmospheric temperature increase of 3.6 degrees
Fahrenheit, the point at which many experts think the world will be
locked into a future of rising sea levels, severe droughts and
flooding, widespread food and water shortages, and more powerful
hurricanes. But the Trump administration never ratified the Kigali
pact, and instead has proposed to roll back federal regulations
curbing the use of HFCs in the United States.<br>
<br>
Now, Mr. Trump is about to sign a bill that will require the United
States to follow the terms of the Kigali agreement, which requires
companies to phase down production and consumption of HFCs to about
15 percent of 2012 levels by 2036. The phase-down will be
administered by the Environmental Protection Agency.<br>
<br>
The chief U.S. negotiators of the Kigali amendment were John Kerry,
the former secretary of state, and Gina McCarthy, the former E.P.A.
administrator, both of whom have been appointed to be Mr. Biden’s
top White House climate advisers.<br>
<br>
Even in a Biden administration, it is not certain whether the United
States will ratify the Kigali pact, because to do so would require a
two-thirds majority vote in the Senate. But the new law would put
the United States in compliance, regardless....<br>
“This provides the green light for Kigali to go into action,” said
Frank V. Maisano, a principal at the law firm Bracewell, which
represents chemical companies.<br>
<br>
American chemical companies have actually been among the strongest
supporters of the Kigali pact and the HFC bill, because most already
manufacture the more climate-friendly HFC replacements and a
phaseout would put them at a competitive advantage over
manufacturers of the older technology.<br>
<br>
Stephen Yurek, the chief executive of the Air-Conditioning, Heating
and Refrigeration Institute, an industry group, was in Kigali four
years ago to push for the deal. He has spent the past two years
lobbying lawmakers on Capitol Hill to enact it into law.<br>
<br>
“U.S. companies are already the leaders with the technology that has
been developed to replace the less environmentally-friendly
refrigerants,” he said. “This bill is a victory for the
manufacturers of all these products — not just the refrigerants; the
equipment and component manufacturers,” he said.<br>
<br>
Mr. Yurek said his industry has also worried that at least eight
states have passed laws of their own requiring HFC reductions and
creating a patchwork of rules, “which makes it harder for
manufacturers.”<br>
<br>
The push by industry brought along Senate Republicans, at least 16
of whom signed on as sponsors to the legislation, which was jointly
written by Senator Thomas Carper of Delaware, the ranking Democrat
on the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, and Senator
John Kennedy, Republican of Louisiana. Mr. Kennedy’s state is home
to hundreds of chemical manufacturing facilities; he framed the bill
as a job creator for those companies...<br>
“To create thousands of jobs, save billions of dollars and safeguard
the environment, we must invest in alternatives to HFCs,” he said.<br>
<br>
Environmental groups have chosen to read big things into that
Republican support, though it may not materialize around bills
roundly opposed by other industries, especially oil and gas
companies.<br>
<br>
“Voters want action on climate, and even some Republicans want
action on climate, and the Republicans leading on this HFC deal are
starting to understand that,” said Matthew Davis, legislative
director for the League of Conservation Voters.<br>
<br>
In addition to the HFC bill, the larger package included a
bipartisan renewable energy bill, co-sponsored by Senator Lisa
Murkowski of Alaska, and Joe Manchin III of West Virginia, the
chairwoman and ranking Democrat of the Senate Energy Committee.<br>
<br>
The bill would not appropriate any new government spending, but it
would authorize $35 billion in existing government funding to be
spent on clean energy programs over the next five years, including
$1 billion for energy storage technology that could serve as
batteries for wind and solar power, $1.5 billion for demonstration
projects for new solar technology, $2.1 billion for advanced nuclear
energy technology and $450 million for technology to remove carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere.<br>
<br>
The bill would also direct federal agencies to update the government
programs that oversee renewable energy spending.<br>
<br>
“Some of these will be the first updates to these programs since the
iPhone was first in use,” said Josh Freed, an energy policy analyst
with Third Way, a center-left research organization. “It’s
critically important because energy systems looked a lot different
10 years ago. There were almost no EVs on the road, very little
solar panels on roofs, Tesla didn’t exist.”...<br>
For all the celebratory language, climate change will likely remain
a partisan land mine. Mr. Yurek, the lobbyist for the coolant
industry, said that he was hesitant to even use the word “climate”
when talking about the bill, for fear that Mr. Trump would veto any
legislation that is seen as boosting Mr. Biden’s agenda.<br>
<br>
“We didn't want to give him any excuse to not sign it,” Mr. Yurek
said.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/21/climate/climate-change-stimulus.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/21/climate/climate-change-stimulus.html</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[Check for the tax credits]<br>
<b>Year-end deal includes major energy, environment wins</b><br>
Geof Koss, Jeremy Dillon and Emma Dumain, E&E News reporters
Published: Monday, December 21, 2020<br>
While negotiators largely sidelined energy issues during months of
stalled talks on COVID-19 relief, a number of significant energy and
environmental provisions will hitch a ride on the year-end agreement
set to pass today.<br>
<br>
House and Senate leaders yesterday announced they had reached a deal
on a $1.4 trillion fiscal 2021 spending omnibus, pandemic relief
legislation and a number of major items that will ride along. Final
text had yet to be released by publication time.<br>
<br>
"At long last, we have the bipartisan breakthrough the country has
needed," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) said from
the floor yesterday.<br>
<br>
The deal moved swiftly once negotiators agreed to compromise
language to wind down certain Federal Reserve lending programs
established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security
Act. An impasse over the issue lasted days.<br>
<br>
In a statement released last night after the deal was announced,
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) and Senate Minority Leader
Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) highlighted a number of climate-related
provisions.<br>
<br>
"The agreement includes sweeping clean energy reforms, R&D
enhancements, efficiency incentives, and extends clean energy tax
credits to create hundreds of thousands of jobs across the clean
economy," they wrote.<br>
<br>
"The package also phases out superpollutant HFCs, positioning the
U.S. to lead the world in avoiding up to 0.5 degree Celsius of
global warming," they said.<br>
<br>
<b>Energy taxes</b><br>
On taxes, the deal would delay the phaseout schedule for the
renewable and investment tax credits, with the PTC extended for one
year and the ITC extended for two.<br>
<br>
The discrepancy between the two crucial incentives stems from the
fact the PTC received a one-year extension under a 2019 tax deal
that did not include the ITC. Additionally, the deal would make
waste-heat-to-power technology eligible for the ITC.<br>
<br>
It would extend key efficiency breaks through 2021, while making
permanent the 179D commercial building tax deduction for efficiency
improvements.<br>
<br>
It would provide five years for offshore wind, and two additional
years for the Section 45Q carbon capture incentive.<br>
<br>
While direct payments were widely sought for many incentives to
account for frozen tax equity markets, they did not make the cut.<br>
<br>
Extended through 2025 would be the excise tax of 9 cents per barrel
of crude oil that finances the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund.<br>
<br>
The agreement would also extend through the end of the 2021 excise
taxes that fund the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund. The government
charges $1.10 per ton of coal removed from underground facilities
and 55 cents per ton of coal removed from surface mines.<br>
<br>
Senate Finance Committee ranking member Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) lauded
the end-of-year agreement struck with the leaders of the tax-writing
panels in both chambers.<br>
<br>
"I hope these extensions serve as a bridge to the comprehensive
reform desperately needed to end our dependence on Big Oil and
ensure that green jobs are good jobs," Wyden said in a statement. "I
plan to keep at it until America kicks its carbon habit once and for
all."<br>
<br>
<b>Energy bill, pipelines</b><br>
The package includes nearly $35.2 billion in research and
development spending authorizations over the next decade in a clean
energy innovation bill.<br>
<br>
Led by the Senate Energy and Natural Resources, the House Energy and
Commerce, and the House Science, Space and Technology committees,
the legislation marks a culmination of nearly two years of work and
a capstone to Alaska Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski's ENR Committee
chairmanship.<br>
<br>
With directions for increased spending and the demonstration of a
number of new technologies needed to help combat climate change —
including energy storage, carbon capture, direct air capture and
advanced nuclear, among others — the bill marks the first major
overhaul to the nation's energy policies in over a decade (E&E
Daily, Dec. 15).<br>
<br>
The spending and pandemic package also contain a five year
reauthorization of the Transportation Department's Pipeline and
Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, which had lapsed over a
year ago and been subject to partisan sniping.<br>
<br>
The inclusion appears to be based heavily on the Senate's bipartisan
bill, S. 2299, that passed in August following a breakthrough after
Senate Republicans relented and let Sen. Tom Udall (D-N.M.) attach
requirements for operators to use the latest technology for methane
leak detection and prevention, among other methane-related
provisions (E&E Daily, Aug. 7).<br>
<br>
Democrats have focused on PHMSA methane monitoring as they look to
better address the climate effects of fossil fuel infrastructure.
Methane is a greenhouse gas 26 times as potent as carbon dioxide.<br>
<br>
The PHMSA reauthorization originally introduced by House Democrats
was much more ambitious on methane and climate. Republicans in both
chambers said it was a nonstarter (E&E Daily, Jan. 8).<br>
<b><br>
</b><b>HFCs</b><br>
The compromise deal includes legislation to phase down the use of
HFCs, a potent class of greenhouse gases used in air conditioners
and refrigerators.<br>
<br>
It would be one of the most significant climate bills Congress has
passed in years. The HFC bill could help avoid half a degree Celsius
in global warming, as part of a larger international phase down
agreement struck in 2016.<br>
<br>
The measure, which would phase down HFCs 85% over 15 years, derailed
Senate consideration of the energy bill earlier this year, but
leaders on the Environment and Public Works Committee struck a deal
in September, which ultimately cleared it for addition to the
omnibus (E&E Daily, Sept. 11).<br>
<br>
<b>WRDA</b><br>
Included in the final omnibus bill is language from the "Water
Resources Development Act of 2020," S. 1811, which passed the House
earlier this month.<br>
<br>
The compromise legislation, among other things, would authorize a
record number of Army Corps of Engineers projects (E&E Daily,
Dec. 7).<br>
<br>
Senate appropriators had objected to language authorizing $10
billion in spending from the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund.<br>
<br>
It appears the final bill addresses those concerns while "unlocking
the Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund," according to a Democratic press
release.<br>
<br>
<b>'RESTART Act'</b><br>
Included in the final stimulus agreement was language that would
have allowed nonprofits organized as 501(c)(6) organizations to
qualify for loans through a fund structured similarly to the
Paycheck Protection Program.<br>
<br>
This was a major ask from the outdoors recreation industry, which
represents trade associations that have suffered debilitating
revenue losses with the pandemic-related cancellations of trade
shows and conferences.<br>
<br>
While the original coronavirus relief package that created the PPP
specifically allowed 501(c)(3) charitable nonprofits and churches to
apply for loans, 501(c)(6) groups were exempt from participating.<br>
<br>
Bipartisan legislation from Sens. Todd Young (R-Ind.) and Michael
Bennet (D-Colo.) — the "Reviving the Economy Sustainably Towards a
Recovery in 2020 (RESTART) Act," S. 3814 — would have established a
loan program open to a broader pool of applicants, including trade
groups.<br>
<br>
Sources said at one point there was a "real chance" that this
language would make it into the next phase of coronavirus relief
legislation, with Young telling E&E News in October that
Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin liked the concept (E&E Daily,
Oct. 22).<br>
<br>
While a Senate aide confirmed to E&E News late last night that
the full "RESTART Act" had not ultimately made it into the more
narrow coronavirus stimulus compromise bill, language benefitting
trade associations was included.<br>
<br>
<b>Transportation, biofuels</b><br>
The deal also includes:<br>
<blockquote>$284.5 billion for the PPP.<br>
Unemployment insurance extensions at $300 per week through March
14, 2021.<br>
$600 direct payments to individuals, $1,200 to married couples and
$600 for child dependents.<br>
$45 billion for transportation, including $14 billion for
struggling transit agencies.<br>
$13 billion in agricultural assistance, with discretionary
authority provided to the Agriculture secretary to support
biofuels producers.<br>
Reporters Nick Sobczyk and Hannah Northey contributed.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1063721189">https://www.eenews.net/stories/1063721189</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[innovation video]<br>
<b>Hydrogen energy storage in AMMONIA: Fantastic future or fossil
fuel scam?</b><br>
Dec 20, 2020<br>
Just Have a Think<br>
Hydrogen energy storage in ammonia is not something that would be
instinctively obvious to most of us, but the folks in the energy
industry are apparently getting quite excited about the concept.
It's a far safer, easier and more energy dense way to transport
hydrogen around the world and could be the final cog in the gears of
a true hydrogen economy of the future. But some warn that it could
actually be a smokescreen enabling the fossil fuel industry to
continue burning huge quantities of natural gas and maintain their
vice-like grip on the global energy market.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y_2Z_VwFNc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y_2Z_VwFNc</a><br>
<p>Web site for transcript
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.justhaveathink.com/hydrogen-energy-storage-in-ammonia/">https://www.justhaveathink.com/hydrogen-energy-storage-in-ammonia/</a><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[big money]<br>
<b>Climate Change Is the New Fed Mandate</b><br>
Officially, Congress sets the Fed's priorities but the Fed has
independence on how to carry out its mandates. Unofficially, the Fed
just adopted its own new mandate.<br>
The Evolution of an Idea<br>
<br>
The Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond explains the Evolution of an
Idea.<br>
<br>
Since 1977, the Federal Reserve has operated under a mandate from
Congress to "promote effectively the goals of maximum employment,
stable prices, and moderate long term interest rates" — what is now
commonly referred to as the Fed's "dual mandate." The idea that the
Fed should pursue multiple goals can be traced back to at least the
1940s, however, with shifting emphasis on which objective should be
paramount. <br>
<br>
That snip is from 2011 and matches what the Fed has said over the
years. <br>
<br>
I do not believe I see the words "climate change" anywhere in the
"dual mandate".<br>
<br>
Fed Joins Climate Change Network<br>
<br>
Despite climate change being no part of the Fed's mandate the Fed
Joins Climate Network, to Applause From the Left.<br>
<br>
The Fed’s board in Washington voted unanimously to become a member
of the Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the
Financial System.<br>
<br>
“The public will expect that we do figure out what are the
implications of climate change for financial stability, and that we
do put policies in place,” Jerome H. Powell, the Fed chair, said
this month at a Senate hearing. “The broad response to climate
change on the part of society really needs to be set by elected
representatives — that’s you. We see implications of climate change
for the job that you’ve given us, and that’s what we’re working on.”<br>
<br>
Greening of the Fed<br>
<br>
"We see implications of climate change for the job that you’ve given
us, and that’s what we’re working on," said Powell.<br>
<br>
Excuse me for asking but when did Congress add climate change to the
Fed's list of mandates? <br>
<br>
Given the Fed has blown three economic bubbles in succession, has
never spotted a recession in advance, and is totally clueless about
price stability, perhaps it ought to stick to monetary policy.<br>
<br>
Then again, if the Fed were to abandon monetary policy and just let
the free market work, that could be an adequate tradeoff for letting
the Fed pontificate on climate change.<br>
Mish<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.thestreet.com/mishtalk/economics/climate-change-is-the-new-fed-mandate">https://www.thestreet.com/mishtalk/economics/climate-change-is-the-new-fed-mandate</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[NASA]<b><br>
</b> <b>Earth Minute Videos</b><br>
NASA isn't all about interplanetary exploration; in fact, the agency
spends much of its time studying our home planet. This fun
whiteboard animation series explains Earth science to the
science-curious. (Download some of these videos with Spanish
subtitles here.)<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resource_center/earthminute">https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resource_center/earthminute</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[CNBC video on funding climate denial]<br>
<b>Why Climate Change Denial Still Exists In The U.S.</b><br>
Dec 20, 2020<br>
CNBC<br>
1.96M subscribers<br>
Despite overwhelming scientific evidence, some American politicians
continue to deny that climate change exists, while others question
the severity of its impact. But public opinion is shifting, and
today even oil and gas companies publicly admit that climate change
demands action. So why does climate denialism continue to influence
U.S. politics? Here's a look into who is funding the movement, and
why denial is mainly a U.S. problem.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1rxv1yPQrc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1rxv1yPQrc</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[The Barents Observer}<br>
<b>In Putin's 5-hour long press conference was not a single word
about climate change or Arctic</b><br>
The President did not get any questions about the vast region of
such major importance for the country...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/climate-crisis/2020/12/putins-5-hour-long-press-conference-was-not-single-word-about-climate-change">https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/climate-crisis/2020/12/putins-5-hour-long-press-conference-was-not-single-word-about-climate-change</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Thought exercise]<br>
<b>‘The Pandemic Is a Prisoner’s Dilemma Game’</b><br>
Using game theory, researchers modeled two ways of prioritizing
vaccinations, to see which saved more lives.<br>
- -<br>
By Siobhan Roberts - Dec. 20, 2020<br>
Madhur Anand, an ecologist, and her husband, Chris Bauch, a
mathematical biologist, were optimally situated during the spring
lockdown, working from home in Guelph, Ontario, to watch the
pandemic play out — and to discuss patterns of behavior, within
their community and beyond, as we all tried to keep safe and carry
on.<br>
<br>
Their offices at home are separated only by a wall, rather than a
45-minute drive. Dr. Anand is the director of the new Guelph
Institute for Environmental Research at the University of Guelph,
and Dr. Bauch runs a lab at the University of Waterloo. The couple’s
collaborative research usually focuses on the interplay between
human behavior and environment systems — for instance, with
pollution, deforestation and climate change. Whereas those dynamics
unfold slowly, the pandemic provided an acute example of rapid
change.<br>
<br>
“Societal change is not the kind of thing you can easily experiment
with,” Dr. Anand said. “But here we were in the middle of a huge
social experiment.”...<br>
- - <br>
The origins of game theory can be found in the 1944 book “Theory of
Games and Economic Behavior,” by the mathematician John von Neumann
and the economist Oskar Morgenstern. The applications range from
evolution to psychology to computer science; there’s even a book
called “The Game Theorist’s Guide to Parenting.”...<br>
more at -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/20/health/virus-vaccine-game-theory.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/20/health/virus-vaccine-game-theory.html</a>
<p> </p>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
[media opinion, off topic, but on point - we are in the vanguard]<br>
JACQUÉ PALMER<br>
<b>The rise of the plain-text email newsletter</b><br>
- -<br>
Little black (and white) email<br>
Less is always more. Modern designs are impersonal and they signal
transactional relationships — especially after the holiday onslaught
of retail emails we’ll all be drowning in soon enough.<br>
<br>
Redefine your relationship with your subscriber via the more simple
and intimate: plain text. Plain text is where it’s at, my friends.
And if you insist on an image, go ahead and add a simple header to
that email — but that’s it. Use your good old print-days typography
and layout skills to weave a story via email...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/12/the-rise-of-the-plain-text-email-newsletter/">https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/12/the-rise-of-the-plain-text-email-newsletter/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
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