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<p><i><font size="+1"><b>January 31, 2021</b></font></i></p>
[academic research paper]<br>
Journal of Applied Social Psychology<br>
<b>The Greta Thunberg Effect: Familiarity with Greta Thunberg
predicts intentions to engage in climate activism in the United
States</b><br>
Leiserowitz, et al<br>
First published: 25 January 2021 -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12737">https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12737</a><br>
Abstract<br>
Despite Greta Thunberg's popularity, research has yet to investigate
her impact on the public's willingness to take collective action on
climate change. Using cross‐sectional data from a nationally
representative survey of U.S. adults (N = 1,303), we investigate the
“Greta Thunberg Effect,” or whether exposure to Greta Thunberg
predicts collective efficacy and intentions to engage in collective
action. We find that those who are more familiar with Greta Thunberg
have higher intentions of taking collective actions to reduce global
warming and that stronger collective efficacy beliefs mediate this
relationship. This association between familiarity with Greta
Thunberg, collective efficacy beliefs, and collective action
intentions is present even after accounting for respondents’ overall
support for climate activism. Moderated mediation models testing age
and political ideology as moderators of the “Greta Thunberg Effect”
indicate that although the indirect effect of familiarity with Greta
Thunberg via collective efficacy is present across all age‐groups,
and across the political spectrum, it may be stronger among those
who identify as more liberal (than conservative). Our findings
suggest that young public figures like Greta Thunberg may motivate
collective action across the U.S. public, but their effect may be
stronger among those with a shared political ideology. Implications
for future research and for broadening climate activists’ appeals
across the political spectrum are discussed.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jasp.12737">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jasp.12737</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Hot shooters - personal images assembled into dramatic videos of
Wildfire Hotshots fire-season 2020]<br>
<b>Fire crews and organizations produce videos summarizing their
activities in 2020; Volume 2</b><br>
Bill Gabbert - January 28, 2021<br>
Mill Creek Hotshots, Idaho City Hotshots, Baker River Hotshots,
& Feather River Hotshots<br>
Fire crews and organizations have produced some excellent videos
showing the highlights of their fire activities in 2020. We like to
post them each year, and we used to be able to do it with one
article, but so far this year we have found 28 — too many for one
article. So this year we will do it intermittently over a two-week
period.<br>
<br>
Here is Volume 2<br>
<blockquote><b>Mill Creek Hotshots | 2020 Fire Season</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6dMFe9TcK0&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6dMFe9TcK0&feature=emb_logo</a><br>
- -<br>
<b>IDAHO CITY HOTSHOTS 2020</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbwOEoEh8K4&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbwOEoEh8K4&feature=emb_logo</a><br>
- -<br>
<b>Baker River Hotshots 2020 Fire Season</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHgt1JuJCZk&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KHgt1JuJCZk&feature=emb_logo</a><br>
- -<br>
<b>IDAHO CITY HOTSHOTS 2020</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qm-s9aTOpD4&feature=emb_logo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qm-s9aTOpD4&feature=emb_logo</a><br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://wildfiretoday.com/2021/01/28/fire-crews-and-organizations-produce-videos-summarizing-their-activities-in-2020-volume-2/">https://wildfiretoday.com/2021/01/28/fire-crews-and-organizations-produce-videos-summarizing-their-activities-in-2020-volume-2/</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>[destabilization of climates]<br>
<b>Forecast: Wild Weather in a Warming World</b><br>
The polar vortex is experiencing an unusually long disturbance
this year because of a “sudden stratospheric warming.” Bundle up.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/30/climate/polar-vortex-weather-climate-change.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/30/climate/polar-vortex-weather-climate-change.html</a><br>
- -<br>
[warming oceans slowing currents]<br>
<b><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/ocean/surface/currents/orthographic=-49.06,40.50,1066/loc=-69.142,30.741">https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/ocean/surface/currents/orthographic=-49.06,40.50,1066/loc=-69.142,30.741</a></b><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[ice melts, waters rise ]<br>
<b>Global Ice Loss on Pace to Drive Worst-Case Sea Level Rise</b><br>
A new study combines ice melt data from all sources to reaffirm one
of the most serious climate change threats.<br>
By Bob Berwyn<br>
January 25, 2021<br>
From the polar caps to the glaciers of Europe, Asia and South
America, global warming is melting the planet’s ice faster than ever
and speeding the inundation of the world’s coastlines.<br>
<br>
New research shows the annual melt rate grew from 0.8 trillion tons
in the 1990s to 1.3 trillion tons by 2017, and has accelerated most
in the places with the most ice—the Greenland and Antarctic ice
shelves and sheets.<br>
<br>
Those massive systems of land and sea-based ice are melting as fast
as the worst-case climate scenarios in major global climate reports,
said Thomas Slater, a co-author of the new study in The Cryosphere
that measured the meltdown from 1994 to 2017, which covers a
timespan when every decade was warmer than the previous one and also
includes the 20 warmest years on record.<br>
It’s one of the first studies to gather estimates for all the
planet’s ice, except permafrost. Previous research has typically
focused on single elements of the cryosphere, like glaciers, sea ice
or ice shelves, said Ruth Mottram, a climate scientist with the
Danish Meteorological Institute, who was not involved in the new
study.<br>
<br>
Slater said that evaluating the data didn’t numb him to the
staggering amount of ice that melted during the study period,
describing it as a mountain towering higher than Mount Everest and
covering Manhattan—enough to raise global sea level 1.4 inches in 23
years.<br>
<br>
“The ice sheets are now following the worst-case climate warming
scenarios set out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,”
he said. “Sea-level rise on this scale will have very serious
impacts on coastal communities this century.” <br>
<br>
Sea level has gone up about eight or nine inches since 1880. It’s
likely to rise at least 12 inches, and could rise by as much as 8.2
feet by 2100, according to recent estimates by the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change estimates a rise of between two and three feet by
2100 if global warming is kept well below two degrees Celsius (3.6
degrees Fahrenheit), or three to five feet if temperatures rise past
that.<br>
<br>
<b>Sea Level Rise is a Matter of Life and Death</b><br>
Getting the projections right is critical because, by some
estimates, every centimeter of sea level rise threatens to displace
about 1 million people from low-lying towns and croplands. For
cities near sea level, knowing whether the ocean will rise two feet
or five feet is literally a billion dollar question, and in worse
case scenarios, a matter of survival and dislocation.<br>
<br>
Mottram said the new findings don’t necessarily mean that global sea
level will continue to track the most dire predictions because there
are other factors involved, mainly the expansion of the oceans as
they warm, which until recently accounted for most of the sea level
rise that’s been measured.<br>
<br>
Various studies show an “acceleration in sea level rise the last
five years or so, from about 1.2 inches per decade, to a rate of 1.9
inches per decade,” she said. “We know it does vary a lot from year
to year and things like El Niño, or if Greenland has a warm summer,
can have an effect. But the deeper ocean is also getting warmer and
that continues to add thermal expansion too. So sea level rise will
continue for centuries.”<br>
<br>
Analyzing glacial and polar ice melt at the same time helps
distinguish how much of the melting is caused by atmospheric warming
compared to ocean heat. The atmosphere reacts relatively quickly to
changes in its concentrations of greenhouse gases, which warm the
Earth, and other pollutants that can reflect heat away from the
planet. Oceans respond much more slowly to the drivers of global
warming. Understanding those dynamics sharpens projections of sea
level rise, he said.<br>
<br>
University of Liége ice researcher Xavier Fettweis, who was not
involved in the research, said the findings help reduce the
uncertainties around ice melt and sea level rise by adding new
information from satellites to update the datasets used in previous
studies. <br>
<br>
It covers a key period for the planet’s climate because the big
surge in polar ice melting started during the 1990s, “likely because
we have exceeded the temperature threshold of 0 degrees Celsius (32
degrees Fahrenheit) over large areas. The cryosphere is starting to
change as soon as this temperature threshold is reached,” he said.
Climate models looking back to 1950 robustly show there was “no
significant and durable change in melt,” before the 1990s.<br>
<br>
The Numbers are Huge and Scary<br>
However you measure it, the global ice loss numbers add up to
trouble, said glaciologist Heïdi Sevestre, who was not involved with
the study. <br>
<br>
The numbers are “becoming so huge and so astronomical, what more do
we need to act?” she asked. “We need to understand the human cost
and the economic cost of every ton of ice. I think if we knew the
true cost of every ton of ice that’s lost, if people knew this, we’d
stop immediately.” <br>
<br>
Sevestre worries that policymakers are seeing the accelerating
melting of the world’s ice as an opportunity rather than a threat.<br>
<br>
“Last week I had a chance to speak to the French decision-makers,
and they see the Arctic as a big pie they want to get a piece of,
the fisheries and energy,” she said. “They believe it’s going to be
an Eldorado for fisheries, but as we lose sea ice and the Arctic
Ocean becomes more acidic, that’s definitely not going to happen.”<br>
<br>
In her presentation to the decision-makers, she emphasized that a
worst-case sea level rise means that “we’re going to lose the main
French harbor, and we’re going to lose the cold water from glaciers
that we need to cool our nuclear power plants.”<br>
<br>
“There have been so many studies about ice loss and sea level rise
that it’s easy to get numbed by the numbers,” she said. “But, of
course, they should never feel normal, and the fact that climate
change is accelerating should never feel normal.”<br>
<br>
The new research is another warning that warming beyond 1.5 degrees
Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) will push the world’s ice past a
tipping point, leading to irreversible melting and destabilization
of ice sheets, she said.<br>
<br>
“We should act as quickly as we can to prevent going beyond these
thresholds,” Sevestre said. “We’re in uncharted territory. We can’t
afford to lose one more ton of ice. We don’t have any other
options.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25012021/global-ice-loss-sea-level-rise/">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25012021/global-ice-loss-sea-level-rise/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[clips, the moving hand writes, and makes anxiety into action, grief
into gratitude]<br>
<b>The Climate Journal Project Kickstarter</b><br>
Jan 20, 2021<br>
Climate Journal<br>
The Climate Journal Project is launching a project on Kickstarter to
create our first journal book!<br>
Visit our website: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theclimatejournalproject.com">https://www.theclimatejournalproject.com</a>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kbh0OmuzrWM&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kbh0OmuzrWM&feature=youtu.be</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>[dare should not scare - clips from a real story]<br>
<b>The Climate Crisis Is Worse Than You Can Imagine. Here’s What
Happens If You Try.</b><br>
A climate scientist spent years trying to get people to pay
attention to the disaster ahead. His wife is exhausted. His older
son thinks there’s no future. And nobody but him will use the
outdoor toilet he built to shrink his carbon footprint.<br>
<br>
by Elizabeth Weil - Jan. 25, 2021<br>
Peter Kalmus, out of his mind, stumbled back toward the car. It
was all happening. All the stuff he’d been trying to get others to
see, and failing to get others to see — it was all here. The day
before, when his family started their Labor Day backpacking trip
along the oak-lined dry creek bed in Romero Canyon, in the
mountains east of Santa Barbara, the temperature had been 105
degrees. Now it was 110 degrees, and under his backpack, his
“large mammalian self,” as Peter called his body, was more than
just overheating. He was melting down. Everything felt wrong. His
brain felt wrong and the planet felt wrong, and everything that
lived on the planet felt wrong, off-kilter, in the wrong place.<br>
</p>
<p>Nearing the trailhead, Peter’s mind death-spiralled: What’s next
summer going to bring? How hot will it be in 10 years? Yes, the
data showed that the temperature would only rise per decade by a
few tenths of a degree Celsius. But those tenths would add up and
the extreme temperatures would rise even faster, and while Peter’s
big mammal body could handle 100 degrees, sort of, 110 drove him
crazy. That was just not a friendly climate for a human. 110
degrees was hostile, an alien planet.<br>
<br>
Lizards fried, right there on the rocks. Elsewhere, songbirds fell
out of the sky. There was more human conflict, just as the
researchers promised. Not outright violence, not here, not yet.
But Peter’s kids were pissed and his wife was pissed and the
salience that he’d so desperately wanted others to feel —
“salience” being the term of choice in the climate community for
the gut-level understanding that climate change isn’t going to be
a problem in the future, it is a crisis now — that salience was
here. The full catastrophe was here (both in the planetary and the
Zorba the Greek sense: “Wife. Children. House. Everything. The
full catastrophe”). To cool down, Peter, a climate scientist who
studied coral reefs, had stood in a stream for an hour, like a man
might stand at a morgue waiting to identify a loved one’s body,
irritated by his powerlessness, massively depressed. He found no
thrill in the fact that he’d been right...<br>
</p>
- -<br>
<p> “WE NEVER EVEN TALK ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE! DO YOU EVEN CARE ABOUT
CLIMATE CHANGE?” he said. This did not go well.<br>
<br>
She threw a laundry basket. “YOU HAVE GOT TO BE FUCKING KIDDING
ME,” she shouted. “Our entire lives are about climate change.”<br>
<br>
There it was, that gap we build around knowing and integrating, to
protect our own lives and minds. Yet after the fight, after
finally saying aloud what he’d been thinking for almost 15 years,
Peter felt better. Not because anything was different. Nothing was
different. The situation remained unshakably, cosmically wrong.
The only reason to care about insurance, books, paintings, the
house, was if you believed that there would be a stable planet on
which to enjoy those things in 20 or 40 or 80 years. If you
believe there’d be a “planet with seasons, where you can grow food
and have water, and you can go outside without dying from
heatstroke,” Peter said. “I don’t have that anymore, that sense of
stability.”<br>
<br>
But he also knew, deep down, that Sharon could not, and should
not, give that up. She was a more anxious person than he was. They
both knew that. “For me to stay sane, there’s only so much I can
take,” Sharon said. Earlier on the night of their big fight they’d
watched “The Handmaid’s Tale,” as they did each Tuesday. Sharon
often thought about the main character, June. “You have to
moderate how you think. You have to think in little chunks, so you
can endure, just like June does,” she told me. “You have to make
sacrifices so you can survive. If you can survive to fight another
day, then maybe the right opportunity will present itself. You
can’t kill yourself well, you can. But that’s not the option I
want to take.”<br>
<br>
Maeby is now gone. Peter drives an electric car. The composting
toilet remains outside, though Peter admits, “The other three
family members are not interested in contributing at all.” Peter’s
current project is making climate ads. Is this how he can tell the
story of what is happening to the world in a way that will make
people not just hear and retreat but act? He thinks about this all
the time. How do you describe an intolerable problem in a way that
listeners — even you, dear reader — will truly let in?<br>
<br>
All through October and November, the Bobcat fire continued to
burn. It grew to 115,000 acres. Its 300-foot-high flames licked up
against Mount Wilson Observatory, where scientists first proved
the existence of a universe outside the Milky Way. The fire
continued to burn well into December, when UN Secretary-General
António Guterres urged, with middling effect, the nations of the
world to declare a climate emergency. So far, 38 have done so. The
United States is not one of them. In January, a team of 19 climate
scientists published a paper, “Underestimating the Challenges of
Avoiding a Ghastly Future,” that said, “The scale of the threats
to the biosphere and all its life forms — including humanity — is
in fact so great that it is difficult to grasp for even
well-informed experts.” The language of this sentence could not be
more dire. It makes the mind go numb.<br>
<br>
So how, with our limited human minds, do we attend enough to make
real progress? How do we not flinch and look away? The truth of
what is happening shakes the foundations of our sense of self. It
asserts a distorting gravity, bending our priorities and warping
our whole lives. The overt denialists are easy villains, the
monsters who look like monsters. But the rest of us, much of the
time, wear pretty green masks over our self-interest and denial,
and then go about our days. Then each morning we wake to a new
headline like: “The planet is dying faster than we thought.”<br>
<br>
While I was trying (and failing) to process it all, Peter called
to make sure I understood the importance of a comment he’d made:
He’s no longer embarrassed to tell people he would die to keep the
planet from overheating. He’s left behind the solace of denial.
He’s well aware of the cost. “What a luxury to feel that the
ground we walk on and this planet that is rotating around the sun
is in some sense OK.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.propublica.org/article/the-climate-crisis-is-worse-than-you-can-imagine-heres-what-happens-if-you-try">https://www.propublica.org/article/the-climate-crisis-is-worse-than-you-can-imagine-heres-what-happens-if-you-try</a><br>
Elizabeth Weil is a reporter at ProPublica.<br>
<br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[innovation]<br>
<b>Technological Breakthrough Allows Seamless Conversion of Ammonia
to Green Hydrogen</b><br>
By NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY - JANUARY 28, 2021<br>
Northwestern University researchers have developed a highly
effective, environmentally friendly method for converting ammonia
into hydrogen. Outlined in a recent publication in the journal
Joule, the new technique is a major step forward for enabling a
zero-pollution, hydrogen-fueled economy.<br>
<br>
The idea of using ammonia as a carrier for hydrogen delivery has
gained traction in recent years because ammonia is much easier to
liquify than hydrogen and is therefore much easier to store and
transport. Northwestern’s technological breakthrough overcomes
several existing barriers to the production of clean hydrogen from
ammonia...<br>
- -<br>
Haile predicts that the new technology could be especially
transformative in the transportation sector. In 2018, the movement
of people and goods by cars, trucks, trains, ships, airplanes and
other vehicles accounted for 28% of greenhouse gas emissions in the
U.S. — more than any other economic sector, according to the
Environmental Protection Agency.<br>
<br>
“Battery-powered vehicles are great, but there’s certainly a
question of range and material supply,” Haile said. “Converting
ammonia to hydrogen on-site and in a distributed way would allow you
to drive into a fueling station and get pressurized hydrogen for
your car. There’s also a growing interest for hydrogen fuel cells
for the aviation industry because batteries are so heavy.”<br>
<br>
Haile and her team have made major advances in the area of fuel
cells over the years. As a next step in their work, they are
exploring new methods to produce ammonia in an environmentally
friendly way.<br>
<br>
Reference: “Solid Acid Electrochemical Cell for the Production of
Hydrogen from Ammonia” by Dae-Kwang Lim, Austin B. Plymill, Haemin
Paik, Xin Qian, Strahinja Zecevic, Calum R.I. Chisholm and Sossina
M. Haile, 3 November 2020, Joule.<br>
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.10.006<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://scitechdaily.com/technological-breakthrough-allows-seamless-conversion-of-ammonia-to-green-hydrogen/">https://scitechdaily.com/technological-breakthrough-allows-seamless-conversion-of-ammonia-to-green-hydrogen/</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[brief video opinion - how do we transition?]<br>
<b>Saul Griffith on Kitchen Table Climate Issues</b><br>
Jan 30, 2021<br>
greenmanbucket<br>
There are a limited number of gadgets and appliances in your life
that are responsible for carbon pollution.<br>
Most people replace these items about once every 10 years.<br>
In the next 15-20 years, we're going to have to replace them all
with equivalents that do not pollute.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDg_lxaE4jw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDg_lxaE4jw</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Digging back into the internet news archive]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
January 31, 1989 </b></font><br>
The Los Angeles Times reports:<br>
<blockquote>"Secretary of State James A. Baker III, emphasizing the
Bush Administration's concern about global environmental problems,
said Monday that the nations of the world cannot wait for solid
scientific confirmation of global warming before taking action.<br>
<br>
"In the first remarks on global environmental issues by a senior
Bush Administration official since the inauguration, Baker said
that the United States and the world must 'focus immediately' on
energy conservation, reforestation and reductions in harmful
chemical emissions.<br>
<br>
"'We can probably not afford to wait until all the uncertainties
have been resolved before we do act. Time will not make the
problem go away,' Baker told delegates from more than 40 nations
to the newly formed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-31/news/mn-1251_1_global-warming">http://articles.latimes.com/1989-01-31/news/mn-1251_1_global-warming</a>
<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/31/science/joint-effort-urged-to-guard-climate.html">http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/31/science/joint-effort-urged-to-guard-climate.html</a>
<br>
<p>/-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------/<br>
</p>
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