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<p><i><font size="+1"><b>March 6, 2021</b></font></i></p>
[NPR prints an articles that it doesn't want to speak]<br>
<b>Study Finds Wildfire Smoke More Harmful To Humans Than Pollution
From Cars</b><br>
March 5, 2021<br>
Nathan Rott at NPR headquarters in Washington, D.C., September 27,
2018. <br>
Tens of millions of Americans experienced at least a day last year
shrouded in wildfire smoke. Entire cities were blanketed, in some
cases for weeks, as unprecedented wildfires tore across the Western
U.S., causing increases in hospitalizations for respiratory
emergencies and concerns about people's longer-term health.<br>
A new study finds those concerns are well founded.<br>
- -<br>
An NPR analysis of air quality on the West Coast found that 1-in-7
residents experienced at least one day of unhealthy air conditions
last year. For weeks, the smoke was so thick in parts of Oregon,
Washington and California that public health officials urged people
to stay indoors and avoid physical activities. That smoke drifted
east, creating hazy skies and an oddly vibrant sun as far away as
the East Coast.<br>
The research focused on microscopic particles, commonly called
PM2.5, which can travel the longest distances.<br>
<br>
Roughly one-twentieth the diameter of a human hair, PM2.5 particles
are among the main components of wildfire smoke. They pose a health
risk to people because they're able to pass through the nose and
lungs, bypassing the body's defense mechanisms, as they make their
way into the bloodstream. From there they can harm the heart, lungs
and other vital organs, increasing the risk of stroke, heart attacks
and respiratory problems.<br>
<br>
There are a number of sources of PM2.5, including power plants and
vehicles, but the findings indicate that PM2.5 from some may be more
harmful than others.<br>
- -<br>
"We've seen it getting much worse in the last decade," Corringham
says. "Anything we can do today to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and stabilize the global climate system will have significant
benefits."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/03/05/973848360/study-finds-wildfire-smoke-more-harmful-to-humans-than-pollution-from-cars">https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/03/05/973848360/study-finds-wildfire-smoke-more-harmful-to-humans-than-pollution-from-cars</a><br>
- -<br>
[Source material]<br>
Published: 05 March 2021<br>
<b>Wildfire smoke impacts respiratory health more than fine
particles from other sources: observational evidence from Southern
California</b><br>
Nature Communications <br>
<blockquote>Abstract<br>
Wildfires are becoming more frequent and destructive in a changing
climate. Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, in wildfire smoke
adversely impacts human health. Recent toxicological studies
suggest that wildfire particulate matter may be more toxic than
equal doses of ambient PM2.5. Air quality regulations however
assume that the toxicity of PM2.5 does not vary across different
sources of emission. Assessing whether PM2.5 from wildfires is
more or less harmful than PM2.5 from other sources is a pressing
public health concern. Here, we isolate the wildfire-specific
PM2.5 using a series of statistical approaches and exposure
definitions. We found increases in respiratory hospitalizations
ranging from 1.3 to up to 10% with a 10 μg m−3 increase in
wildfire-specific PM2.5, compared to 0.67 to 1.3% associated with
non-wildfire PM2.5. Our conclusions point to the need for air
quality policies to consider the variability in PM2.5 impacts on
human health according to the sources of emission.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21708-0">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21708-0</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
<p><i>[In early September 2020, Seattle, Wash., had some of the
worst air quality in the world because of wildfire smoke.</i><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Fossil Fuels push back]<br>
<b>A Furious Industry Backlash Greets Moves by California Cities to
Ban Natural Gas in New Construction</b><br>
Gas bans and restrictions, and the industry pushback, is part of a
battle on many fronts over the future of natural gas in homes and
businesses.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05032021/gas-industry-fights-bans-in-homes-businesses/">https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05032021/gas-industry-fights-bans-in-homes-businesses/</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Texas freeze explained in video by VOX]<br>
<b>Texas's power disaster is a warning sign for the US</b><br>
Mar 4, 2021<br>
Vox<br>
America's power grid is not ready.<br>
In February, extreme cold and an unusual winter storm left millions
of Texans in the dark. Many went without power or water, in subzero
temperatures, for nearly five days. It was a disaster; dozens died.
But even though that storm hit much of the country, the power
outages were mostly limited to Texas. That’s because Texas is on its
own electrical grid, separate from the rest of the country, which
means it can’t easily get power from other states in an emergency.<br>
<br>
But Texas's grid itself is not what failed. Power went out across
Texas in the first place because energy sources across the state
were unprepared for severe weather. And that didn’t have to happen;
Texas had been warned about this exact scenario, and had actually
experienced versions of it twice in the last 30 years. But they
didn’t prepare.<br>
<br>
Now the rest of the US faces the same issue. Climate change is
making severe weather disasters more and more frequent. And the
American energy system is not ready for it.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zcrsgdl_hP0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zcrsgdl_hP0</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Courthouse News Service]<br>
<b>Nuisance Flooding Worsening as Seas, Tides Rise</b><br>
March 5, 2021 DANIEL CONRAD<br>
Rising sea levels aren’t the only reason U.S. coasts are seeing
low-intensity flooding more often – estuary changes driven by
coastline development have also caused higher tides to spill inland.<br>
(CN) — So-called nuisance flooding is happening more frequently in
coastal cities in the continental U.S., and researchers have found
that rising sea levels and coastal development have caused more high
tides to result in such flooding in recent years compared to the
19th and early 20th centuries.<br>
<br>
Nuisance flooding, also known as tidal flooding or sunny day
flooding, is more destructive than its name might imply. The term
refers to the minor floods that occur in low-elevation coastal
cities, where high tides can swamp streets, drainage infrastructure,
businesses and residences, adding to the millions of dollars in
damages floods cause yearly.<br>
<br>
Using historic water-level information obtained from 40 tide gauges
that have been making observations for at least 70 years apiece, a
group of climate scientists were able to compare past tidal data to
contemporary changes in the tides.<br>
<br>
“It’s the first time that the effects of tidal changes on nuisance
flooding were quantified, and the approach is very robust as it is
based purely on observational data and covers the entire coastline
of the U.S. mainland,” said Thomas Wahl, co-author of a study
published Friday in the journal Science Advances and assistant
professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University
of Central Florida...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/nuisance-flooding-worsening-as-seas-tides-rise/">https://www.courthousenews.com/nuisance-flooding-worsening-as-seas-tides-rise/</a><br>
- -<br>
[Source matter]<br>
RESEARCH ARTICLE OCEANOGRAPHY<br>
<b>Evolving tides aggravate nuisance flooding along the U.S.
coastline</b><br>
Abstract<br>
Nuisance flooding (NF) is defined as minor, nondestructive flooding
that causes substantial, accumulating socioeconomic impacts to
coastal communities. While sea-level rise is the main driver for the
observed increase in NF events in the United States, we show here
that secular changes in tides also contribute. An analysis of 40
tidal gauge records from U.S. coasts finds that, at 18 locations, NF
increased due to tidal amplification, while decreases in tidal range
suppressed NF at 11 locations. Estuaries show the largest changes in
NF attributable to tide changes, and these can often be traced to
anthropogenic alterations. Limited long-term measurements from
estuaries suggest that the effects of evolving tides are more
widespread than the locations considered here. The total number of
NF days caused by tidal changes has increased at an exponential rate
since 1950, adding ~27% to the total number of NF events observed in
2019 across locations with tidal amplification.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/10/eabe2412">https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/10/eabe2412</a><br>
- -<br>
[video press conference]<br>
<b>WATCH: Miami-Dade Mayor discusses sea-level rise strategy</b><br>
MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, Fla. – Mayor Daniella Levine Cava held a news
conference Friday morning to unveil Miami-Dade County’s sea-level
rise strategy.<br>
<br>
She was joined by Commissioner Rebeca Sosa, Clerk of Courts Harvey
Ruvin, Chief Resilience Officer Jim Murley, Dr. Carolina Maran of
the South Florida Water Management District, and Village of El
Portal Mayor Omarr C. Nickerson.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.local10.com/news/local/2021/02/26/watch-live-miami-dade-mayor-unveils-sea-level-rise-strategy/">https://www.local10.com/news/local/2021/02/26/watch-live-miami-dade-mayor-unveils-sea-level-rise-strategy/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[FEWS NET = Famine Early Warning Systems Network]<br>
Global Weather Hazards<br>
<b>Abnormal dryness and drought persist in parts of Southern Africa</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://fews.net/global/global-weather-hazards/march-5-2021">https://fews.net/global/global-weather-hazards/march-5-2021</a><br>
Download report for this month:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://fews.net/sites/default/files/documents/reports/Global%20Weather%20Hazards%203.05.2021.pdf">https://fews.net/sites/default/files/documents/reports/Global%20Weather%20Hazards%203.05.2021.pdf</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
[Upcoming legal discussion]<br>
March 18, 2021<br>
<b>Accountability for Climate Change Harms in the Pacific Northwest:
Scientific, Policy and Legal Perspectives</b><br>
Green Energy Institute - 12:00pm - 1:15pm PDT<br>
Join Lewis & Clark Law School’s Green Energy Institute, the
Center for Climate Integrity, and Breach Collective in a discussion
of the extent of climate harms in the Pacific Northwest, the
scientific basis for holding the fossil fuel industry accountable,
and legal and community perspectives on climate litigation.<br>
From coast to coast, 18 municipalities, five states, the District of
Columbia and one industry trade association have filed suit against
the world’s largest investor-owned fossil fuel companies for
deceiving consumers, policymakers, the media and the public at large
about the dangerous climate impacts their products would cause.<br>
<br>
You are invited to learn about this growing trend of climate damages
and fraud litigation in the United States.<br>
<br>
After opening remarks from Oregon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum
and Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson, Lewis & Clark Law
School’s Professor Melissa Powers will moderate a discussion among
the following panelists:<br>
<br>
Karen Shell, Associate Professor and Climate Science Program Head of
the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University<br>
Deborah Kafoury, Multnomah County Commissioner<br>
Daniel Mensher, attorney at Keller Rohrback<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://law.lclark.edu/calendars/law-calendar/#!view/event/event_id/327542">https://law.lclark.edu/calendars/law-calendar/#!view/event/event_id/327542</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Get ready for summer]<br>
<b>New climate ‘normal’ for Atlantic hurricanes shows more frequent
and intense storms</b><br>
The past 30 years have seen record levels of hurricane activity.<br>
By Matthew Cappucci and Andrew Freedman<br>
March 3, 2021<br>
<br>
Every 10 years, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration revises the baseline of what weather and climate
conditions are considered “normal.” The most recent normals for
Atlantic hurricane activity will soon be released, and a preview
reveals a spike in storm frequency and intensity.<br>
<br>
During the most recent 30-year period, which spans 1991 to 2020,
there has been an uptick in the number of named storms and an
increase in the frequency of major hurricanes of category 3
intensity or greater in the Atlantic.<br>
<br>
NOAA mulls moving start of Atlantic hurricane season up to May 15<br>
<br>
That comes as no surprise amid a spate of extreme hurricane activity
that has featured seven Category 5 storms swirling across Atlantic
waters in just the past five years.<br>
<br>
The newly revised climate normals aren’t a forecast of upcoming
activity, nor are they necessarily illustrative of any one
particular climate or meteorological trend. They’re simply benchmark
values<br>
The National Weather Service calculates new climate normals each
decade for all major U.S. cities with sufficient historical data.
When you hear your local television meteorologist describe a day as
“10 degrees above average,” for instance, this data is where that
comes from...<br>
The new hurricane normals are not official yet, though available
data clearly shows an uptick in storm frequency and intensity,
likely related to a combination of climate change, natural
variability and improved storm detection...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/03/03/hurricanes-atlantic-climate-normal/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/03/03/hurricanes-atlantic-climate-normal/</a><br>
<p>- -<br>
</p>
[Bloomberg Green]<br>
<b>A 20-Year-Old Climate Mystery Has Finally Been Explained</b><br>
Penn State professor Michael Mann thought he’d discovered an ocean
temperature phenomenon. Now he’s sure—that it doesn’t exist.<br>
Michael Mann, distinguished professor of atmospheric science at
Pennsylvania State University, came up with a novel term 20 years
ago to describe something he and his colleagues had found in their
research. About every half-century, wind and waves conspired to warm
up or cool down part of the North Atlantic, with probable
large-scale effects on weather. Drawing on the same Earth
simulations on which most climate research was then based, they
concluded that the back-and-forth swing must be a feature intrinsic
to the natural system itself. Mann dubbed it the “Atlantic
Multidecadal Oscillation,” or AMO.<br>
<br>
Since then, the AMO has become a commonly recognized feature of
meteorology, similar to the occasional temperature flips in the
tropical Pacific that mark warm El Niño or cool La Niña episodes but
with smaller significance, and thought to influence the strength of
Atlantic hurricanes.<br>
<br>
Only here’s the thing—the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation turns
out not to actually exist. That’s the latest and definitive
conclusion now from Mann and three colleagues, who write in the
journal Science that the newest climate models can no longer find
any evidence of a natural temperature flip in the Atlantic every few
decades...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-04/a-20-year-old-climate-change-mystery-has-finally-been-explained">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-04/a-20-year-old-climate-change-mystery-has-finally-been-explained</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[Serious climate science - self correcting]<br>
<b>The Rise and Fall of the “Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation”</b><br>
{Mike Mann - 4 March 2021}<br>
Two decades ago, in an interview with science journalist Richard
Kerr for the journal Science, I coined the term the “Atlantic
Multidecadal Oscillation” (AMO) to describe an internal oscillation
in the climate system resulting from interactions between North
Atlantic ocean currents and wind patterns. These interactions were
thought to lead to alternating decades-long intervals of warming and
cooling centered in the extra-tropical North Atlantic that play out
on 40-60 year timescales (hence the name). Think of the purported
AMO as a much slower relative of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), with a longer timescale of oscillation (multidecadal rather
than interannual) and centered in a different region (the North
Atlantic rather than the tropical Pacific).<br>
<br>
Today, in a research article published in the same journal Science,
my colleagues and I have provided what we consider to be the most
definitive evidence yet that the AMO doesn’t actually exist...<br>
- -<br>
<b>Analysis of Historical and Control Simulations</b><br>
In an article we published a year ago, we showed that the AMO does
not in general exist in current generation models. We analyzed a set
of long control simulations with more than 40 different
state-of-the-art climate model simulations from the CMIP5 multimodel
climate archive. We used a type of “spectral analysis”, a
statistical procedure that identifies whether there is evidence for
truly oscillatory variability (in the form of a spectral “peak”,
i.e. a spike in the plot of amplitude of variation as a function of
frequency/period) at some particular timescale or narrow range of
timescales. The “MTM-SVD” method identifies whether an entire
spatiotemporal dataset contains an oscillatory signal (as indicated
by a spectral peak that is correlated across the dataset, in this
case, surface temperatures spanning the globe) that is distinct from
simple background noise (i.e. random variability).<br>
- -<br>
<b>Concluding Thoughts</b><br>
There are several lessons in this tale. One is that scientists must
always be open to revising past thinking. That is part of the
critical scientific process—what the great Carl Sagan referred to as
the “self-correcting machinery” of science. Two decades ago there
seemed to be both observational evidence and modeling evidence (if
rather limited) for the existence of a multidecadal AMO in the
climate system. My own work supported that interpretation, and
indeed it was I who gave this beast a name. The scientific community
ran with the concept, and numerous scientists—even some at our
leading research laboratories like the aforementioned GFDL—continued
to misapply it in a way that downplays some critical climate change
impacts like the warming of the North Atlantic and the increase in
Atlantic hurricane activity associated with it.<br>
<br>
Now we have come full circle. My collaborators and I, over the past
decade, have continued to investigate the origins of the putative
AMO signal and have been led inescapably to the conclusion that the
AMO (unlike, say, R.O.U.S.) doesn’t actually exist. It’s an
artifact, during the historical era, of competing anthropogenic
(greenhouse warming and sulphate aerosol cooling) drivers and,
during the earlier period, an artifact of the fact that volcanic
forcing happens to have displayed a roughly multidecadal pacing in
past centuries.<br>
<br>
A scientist has to admit when they are wrong. Unfortunately for all
of us, my colleagues and I weren’t wrong about the unprecedented
warming revealed by the now iconic “Hockey Stick” curve, despite the
unrelenting attacks on it by climate change deniers over the past
two decades.<br>
But I was wrong about the existence an internal AMO oscillation when
I coined the term twenty years ago.<br>
<br>
Nonetheless, some very good science has been done by a number of
researchers and groups around the world in pursuing this matter. And
we have learned quite a bit, for example, about the true origins of
multidecadal climate variability, and prospects for long-term
climate prediction.<br>
That, in fact, is science (and Science) working the way it’s
supposed to.<br>
more at -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2021/03/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation/">http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2021/03/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation/</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[source material]<br>
<b>Multidecadal climate oscillations during the past millennium
driven by volcanic forcing</b><br>
View ORCID ProfileMichael E. Mann1,*, View ORCID ProfileByron A.
Steinman2, View ORCID ProfileDaniel J. Brouillette1, View ORCID
ProfileSonya K. Miller1<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6533/1014.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6533/1014.full</a><br>
<br>
<br>
[Digging back into the internet news archive]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming -
March 6, 2001 </b></font><br>
<br>
EPA Administrator Christine Todd Whitman sends a memo to President
George W. Bush urging him to demonstrate leadership on climate
change. The memo is summarily ignored.<br>
<b>Whitman to Bush: Global Warming Is Serious Issue</b><br>
In a private memo to President Bush, EPA chief Christine Todd
Whitman urged him to recognize global warming as a serious
international issue -- just days before the president reneged on his
campaign pledge to cut carbon dioxide emissions at the nation's
power plants. The full text of the memo follows:<br>
<blockquote>UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY<br>
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460<br>
<br>
March 6, 2001 -<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family:
"Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style:
normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps:
normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: -webkit-right; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;"><br>
</span>MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT<br>
FROM: CHRISTIE WHITMAN<br>
SUBJECT: G-8 MEETING, TRIESTE<br>
<br>
Having just returned from Italy and the G-8 meeting I thought I
would pass on a few observations of the International Community
and global climate change.<br>
<br>
First: This was a precursor to two meetings to which you and other
heads of state will be invited: Bonn in July and Johannesburg in
2002. It is safe to assume that there will be head of state
participation in at least one if not both meetings.<br>
<br>
Second: The World Community (EU; Umbrella group made up of US,
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Norway, Iceland, Russia,
Ukraine, and Kazakhstan (as an observer); and the G-77 or
developing countries) are all convinced of the seriousness of this
issues and the need to act now.<br>
<br>
Third: The Kyoto Protocol is the only game in town in their eyes.
There is a real fear in the international community that if the US
is not willing to discuss the issue within the framework of Kyoto
the whole thing will fall apart. They feel that they can move
ahead toward their goals on their own, but would need the U.S. to
really get things done.<br>
<br>
Fourth: For the first time the world's religious communities have
started to engage in the issue. Their solutions vary widely, but
the fervor of the focus was clear. Of course this has been an
issue for the NGOs for awhile.<br>
<br>
As you can see from the attached highlighted clips, I had varied
success in buying us time to fully engage in these discussions.
From a political perspective I believe that we are in a position
to build some good will while not endorsing the specifics of
Kyoto. Expectations are low for this Administration.<br>
<br>
I would strongly recommend that you continue to recognize that
global warming is a real, and serious issues.<br>
<br>
While not specifically endorsing the targets called for in Kyoto,
you could indicate that you are exploring how to reduce U.S.
Greenhouse gas emissions internally and will continue to do so no
matter what else transpires.<br>
<br>
Mr. President, this is a credibility issue (global warming) for
the U.S. in the international Community. It is also an issue that
is resonating here, at home. We need to appear engaged and shift
the discussion from the focus on the "K" word to action, but we
have to build some boneifides first.<br>
<br>
We did win some issues at this meeting i.e., recognizing cost,
promoting children's health, and fending off some last minute end
runs by the Germans and Japanese.<br>
<br>
I'm available to discuss this further if you want.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/transcripts/whitmanmemo032601.htm">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/transcripts/whitmanmemo032601.htm</a><br>
<p><br>
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