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<p><i><font size="+1"><b>August 27, 2021</b></font></i></p>
[opinion in NYTimes]<br>
<b>How Should the Fed Deal With Climate Change?</b><br>
Neil Irwin - -Aug. 26, 2021<br>
The climate crisis is at high risk of becoming an economic crisis.<br>
<br>
That is an increasingly widespread view among leading economic
thinkers — that a range of economic and financial problems could
result from a warming planet and humanity’s efforts to deal with it.
But if you believe that to be true, what should the United States’
economist-in-chief do about it?<br>
<br>
That question has taken new urgency as President Biden weighs
whether to reappoint Jerome Powell to another term leading the
Federal Reserve or choose someone else...<br>
- -<br>
Arguably, one of the more important things the Fed can do to help
fight climate change is to excel at its primary job: maintaining a
stable, strong economy. Consider some surprising public opinion
data...<br>
- -<br>
And Lael Brainard, a Fed governor and potential Biden appointee to
become the next chair, has emphasized that the unpredictable nature
of climate change could make obsolete the historical models on which
economic policy is based.<br>
<br>
“Unlike episodic or transitory shocks, climate change is an ongoing,
cumulative process, which is expected to produce a series of
shocks,” she said in a March speech. “Over time, these shocks can
change the statistical time-series properties of economic variables,
making forecasting based on historical experience more difficult and
less reliable.”<br>
<br>
If Ms. Brainard is correct, it raises a dispiriting possibility: As
the planet gets hotter, it could make it harder to keep the economy
on an even keel. But the worse the economy performs, the more toxic
and dysfunctional climate politics may become.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/upshot/fed-climate-change-analysis.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/upshot/fed-climate-change-analysis.html</a>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[Ozone pollution is human-caused, and it is strong]<br>
<b>Why Colorado’s Record Ozone Pollution Is More About Cars Than
Wildfire Smoke</b><br>
By Sam Brasch - - August 25, 2021<br>
Colorado’s Front Range has seen little relief from ozone and
wildfire smoke this summer.<br>
<br>
The dual pollutants have shrouded the region’s view of the Rocky
Mountains and stirred a debate about the best way to tell the public
about the relationship between the problems. In particular, Scott
Landes, Colorado’s air quality forecaster, has repeatedly noted
smoke from out-of-state wildfires “enhanced” or “exaggerated” ozone
levels in the Denver metro. <br>
<br>
Frank Flocke, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric
Research, worries the message is both accurate and misleading. While
wildfire smoke can add to ozone levels in some cases, he said his
research shows local air pollution sources, like traffic and oil and
gas operations, are a much bigger factor...<br>
“Without the wildfire plumes, we would have been capable of making
high levels of ozone just with our own emissions,” Flocke said. <br>
<br>
The relationship between smoke and ozone is a complicated topic that
Flocke said tests the limits of scientific knowledge. At the same
time, the answers could shift whether people see ozone pollution as
something within human control or a brutal reality blowing in from
California. In communicating with the public, Flocke said officials
should focus on direct health impacts, not the tricky science behind
air pollution. <br>
<br>
To clear the air, here’s a breakdown.<br>
<br>
<b></b><b>Wildfire smoke is a pollution problem unto itself</b><br>
There’s no question the haze from far-off wildfires threatens human
health. Tiny particles of incinerated wood can burrow themselves
deep inside people’s lungs.<br>
<br>
Studies show the short-term consequences can include lung
irritation, coughing and sneezing. Eventually, exposure can lead to
premature death and leave people more vulnerable to respiratory
diseases, including COVID-19. <br>
<br>
Winds have brought a rash of smoke from wildfires in California and
the Pacific Northwest to Colorado over the summer of 2021. The
primary pollutant of concern in the smoke is PM 2.5, shorthand for
particulates smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter.<br>
<br>
While it’s plenty dangerous, this air quality problem is different
from ozone.<br>
<br>
The Front Range has seen a record number of high ozone days<br>
Unlike wildfire smoke, ozone is a “secondary pollutant,” meaning it
forms in the atmosphere through a combination of nitrous oxides and
volatile organic compounds in a chemical reaction triggered by heat
and sunlight.<br>
<br>
In 2014, Flocke and his NCAR colleague Gabriele Pfister conducted a
state-commissioned aerial survey to track the ozone sources along
the Front Range. The research found that the region has background
ozone levels of about 40 to 50 parts per billion, which is short of
the current federal health standard of 70 parts per billion. <br>
<br>
Local emissions of air pollutants pushed air quality to unsafe
levels. On days when ozone levels exceeded federal health standards,
traffic and oil and gas combined are responsible for more than
two-thirds of ozone production along the Front Range.<br>
<br>
Colorado’s ozone landscape has likely changed in the seven years
since the survey. Energy companies have installed more pipelines,
cutting down on total emissions from oil and gas production. Over
the same period, more people have arrived in Colorado and brought
their cars with them. While the COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction
in Front Range traffic in the spring and summer of 2020, Pfister
said state data show it has rebounded to record levels in Denver. <br>
<br>
“There are basically just more cars on the road,” Pfister said. <br>
<br>
The return of traffic has coincided with the worst summer for ozone
pollution along the Front Range in a decade. Since the traditional
ozone season started on May 31, the state has issued 59 ozone action
day alerts for the region. The total marks the highest number of
warnings since air officials started record-keeping in 2011. <br>
<br>
The count is also a sanitized way to describe a problem felt in
people’s chests and throats. In the long term, studies suggest the
inflammation caused by the pollutant can lead to lower birth
weights, asthma development and higher rates of premature death. <br>
<br>
Smoke can both increase and decrease ozone levels<br>
While local pollution is a major ozone contributor, Emily Fischer,
an atmospheric scientist at Colorado State University, said smoke
from distant fires often contains the basic building blocks of
ozone. As a result, her research suggests wildfires can add to the
Front Range’s ozone problem.<br>
<br>
One recent study examined the potential impact of smoke at an air
monitor near Boulder Reservoir. Between 2017 and 2019, it identified
41 days when ozone exceeded federal health standards. Wildfire smoke
also hit the air monitor on 13 of those days. A comparison showed
the presence of wildfire smoke tended to coincide with higher levels
of ozone. <br>
<br>
“We would have an ozone problem here in the Front Range without
smoke, but when smoke comes to town, it does seem to provide a
little bump,” Fischer said. <br>
<br>
Another 2017 analysis attempted to quantify the degree to which
wildfire smoke could boost the pollutant. Dan Jaffe, an author and a
professor of chemistry at the University of Washington, said it
showed wildfire smoke in major U.S. cities tended to increase ozone
levels by about 10 to 20 percent. <br>
<br>
Jaffe said the pattern might occur from smoke reacting with local
pollution. If more research proves that’s the case, cutting
emissions from smokestacks and tailpipes could “reduce the amount of
ozone we get even on smokey days.” <br>
<br>
To add another layer of complexity, it also appears smoke can
decrease the overall presence of ozone in some cases. Scott Landes,
the state’s air quality forecaster, said one example may have
occurred last year when the Cameron Peak Fire sent a large plume
over Fort Collins and cut the amount of sunlight reaching the
surface. Without the sun’s energy, pollutants couldn’t “bake” into
ozone pollution. <br>
<br>
Why state air quality forecasters have focused on the problem <br>
Landes has also focused on the role of wildfire smoke in interviews
about air quality for CPR News and other media outlets, saying
plumes can “enhance” ozone levels. He defended the language in a
detailed email. <br>
<br>
Aside from noting scientific studies, Landes wrote Colorado’s state
air monitors show examples of spikes in ozone levels best explained
by smoke plumes. One occurred at Chatfield State Park earlier this
summer. On July 24, a monitor continued to monitor high ozone
levels, even when winds shifted away from human pollution sources. <br>
<br>
In that case and others, Landes said it was important to let the
public know wildfire smoke could be making a bad pollution problem
worse. <br>
<br>
“I do not believe that wildfire smoke is the primary cause of our
ozone exceedances over the past several weeks,” Landes wrote.
“However, I do believe that, in many instances, ozone was indeed
enhanced by wildfire smoke.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.cpr.org/2021/08/25/front-range-air-quality-ozone-wildfire-smoke/">https://www.cpr.org/2021/08/25/front-range-air-quality-ozone-wildfire-smoke/</a><br>
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[How Bad?]<br>
<b>IPCC - How Bad Can It Be</b><br>
ClimateEmergency Forum<br>
Dr. Peter Carter presents the major findings of the IPCC’s 6th
Assessment report and discusses them with Regina Valdez. Peter
succinctly summarizes it as follows: “The report finds unless there
are immediate, rapid and large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas
emissions, limiting warming to close to 1.5°C or even 2°C will be
beyond reach.”<br>
<br>
This video was recorded on Aug 13th, 2021, and published on August
24th, 2021.<br>
<br>
Topics discussed include the following:<br>
- A presentation of the Working Group I report, which is the first
instalment of the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).<br>
- Peter mentions some of the websites he uses to help him keep track
of Government action on Climate which include ‘Climate Action
Tracker’ and ‘Energy Policy Tracker.’<br>
- Despite the clarity of the information in the reports, governments
are failing to take proportional action and are actually doing the
opposite of what’s needed by providing billions of dollars in
subsidies to Fossil Fuel Corporations.<br>
- How fossil fuel corporations continue in their campaigns to impede
action on climate change by misinforming the public.<br>
- The fact that climate change will affect food production in every
area of the globe including the more developed northern nations such
as Canada.<br>
- Peter encourages the use of the 6th Assessment one page press
release and the 2 page headline statement to do the work of
informing our government by writing to your local government
official to demonstrate the dire nature of the situation and the
need to take serious action.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaNc1Lc8Pag">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaNc1Lc8Pag</a><br>
<p>- -<br>
</p>
[Classic -- How Bad could it be? An interactive chart with links to
videos by Richard Pauli - in 2007]<br>
<b>How bad can it be? ...and when?</b><br>
The chart below has linked hotspots. In the lower right corner of
the chart notice the temperature line for the current year. There
are seven future projections plotted.<br>
<br>
The graphic IPCC Chart uses data from special report emissions
scenario for the IPCC. Links below in blue are summarized
projections for each degree change taken from the book "Six Degrees,
Our Future on a Hotter Planet" - Mark Lynas and videos segments from
National Geographics.<br>
For an excellent video introduction to the global warming problem
see the National Geographic video of Global Warming 101<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://localsteps.org/howbad.html">http://localsteps.org/howbad.html</a><br>
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[Activism: Extinction Rebellion live demonstration in London
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/eQLlm6sn2fw">https://youtu.be/eQLlm6sn2fw</a>]<br>
<b>LIVE: Impossible Rebellion Day 5 - Blood Money March</b><br>
Started streaming 90 minutes ago<br>
Extinction Rebellion UK<br>
<br>
XR Blood Money March exposes City of London’s ties to slavery,
colonialism and the climate crisis<br>
<br>
Extinction Rebellion activists, in conjunction with XR Unify and
United for Black Lives, are processing through the City of London
this afternoon, visiting institutions involved in human and
environmental exploitation in both past and present.<br>
<br>
Starting at the Bank of England, the march will stop for speeches at
City institutions with deplorable track records of extracting,
conserving and laundering money at the expense of BIPOC (black,
indigenous and people of colour) people in the majority world,
stoking the huge inequalities driving the climate and ecological
emergency.<br>
<br>
We need to STOP THE HARM and end all fossil fuel investment now.
However, we must also recognise that the roots of the climate
breakdown cannot be separated from the ideology behind slavery and
racism – that humans and the planet are merely resources to be
exploited for profit.<br>
<br>
WHAT WILL YOU DO? Join us from 23 August for two weeks – come down
to sit together, eat together, talk, listen, get trained up and
rebel for life!..<br>
- - <br>
This was live-streamed by the XR Live Streaming team whose mission
is to #TellTheTruth and spread the news that mainstream media is
failing to do. Any questions or projects then drop us a line at
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:xrlivestreaming@protonmail.com">xrlivestreaming@protonmail.com</a> Have any feedback about this
livestream? Please message us here: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://xrlivestream.tv/feedback">https://xrlivestream.tv/feedback</a>
<br>
<br>
Help XR mobilise and donate: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://extinctionrebellion.uk/donate/">https://extinctionrebellion.uk/donate/</a><br>
<br>
Extinction Rebellion UK: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://extinctionrebellion.uk/">https://extinctionrebellion.uk/</a><br>
International: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://rebellion.global/">https://rebellion.global/</a><br>
Twitter: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://twitter.com/ExtinctionR">https://twitter.com/ExtinctionR</a> <br>
Facebook: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.facebook.com/XRebellionUK/">https://www.facebook.com/XRebellionUK/</a><br>
<blockquote><b>1. Tell The Truth </b><br>
<b>2. Act Now </b><br>
<b>3. Beyond Politics</b><br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQLlm6sn2fw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQLlm6sn2fw</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[automotive innovation about electric cars]<br>
<b>Sandy's Rant: Tesla AI Day + NHTSA & Congress</b><br>
Aug 25, 2021<br>
Munro Live<br>
Sandy Munro shares his thoughts on Tesla being investigated by NHTSA
& Congress.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hcB1Z6-A7Q">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hcB1Z6-A7Q</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[finally, maybe now]<br>
<b>It’s time to freak out about methane emissions</b><br>
This lesser-known greenhouse gas will make or break a “decisive
decade” for climate change.<br>
By Rebecca Leber-- Aug 12, 2021<br>
<br>
From his home office in Arizona, Riley Duren was multitasking,
telling me about frighteningly powerful greenhouse gases even as he
monitored his team’s aircraft. The plane was flying at 20,000 feet
to measure methane spewing from wells in the Permian Basin of Texas.
An aerial map on his computer screen brought the measurements to
life: Dozens of red zones represented otherwise invisible plumes of
methane above oil and gas fields.<br>
<br>
“It’s just like watching a firework show. They’re just popping up
all over the place,” said Duren, a University of Arizona scientist
who leads the nonprofit Carbon Mapper, which has public and private
partners including NASA, the state of California, and the company
Planet.<br>
<br>
In the public conversation about climate change, methane has gotten
too little attention for too long. Many people may be unaware that
humans have been spewing a greenhouse gas that’s even more potent
than carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a rate not seen in at
least 800,000 years. It harms air quality and comes from sources as
varied as oil and gas pipelines to landfills and cows. But methane
and other greenhouse gases, including hydroflurocarbons, ozone,
nitrogen dioxides, and sulfur oxides, are finally getting the
attention they deserve — thanks largely to advances in the
science...<br>
- -<br>
The oil and gas industry has argued that it isn’t to blame for
methane pollution, but advocates and scientists have shown
otherwise. Environmental Defense Fund, which has commissioned
flights to monitor methane over Texas oil and gas fields, has found
that oil fields in the US are leaking 60 percent more methane than
the Environmental Protection Agency estimates. University of
Michigan scientist Eric Kort found methane spewing from offshore
wells at far higher rates than previously understood. The
environmental group Earthworks, using expensive, on-the-ground
camera equipment, helped track down some sites that were repeat
offenders of venting methane into the atmosphere.<br>
<br>
The scientific papers have mounted: Since 2013, at least 45
scientific papers have highlighted the disproportionate role of oil
and gas operations, according to a review by the advocacy group
Climate Nexus. Scientists like Duren have also produced vivid images
of methane that a layperson can understand, just like the imagery
below from April this year.<br>
<br>
According to Duren, Carbon Mapper has detected over 3,000 methane
plumes in the Permian Basin with its airborne surveys, all coming
from a range of oil and gas infrastructure, including wells, tank
batteries, compressor stations, pipelines, and more.<br>
<br>
Together, these findings suggest a grim outlook for the minimal
progress made so far in tackling carbon pollution: Rising methane
pollution effectively erases some of the progress the US has made by
cleaning up the coal-fired power sector.<br>
<br>
The IPCC report noted that methane has been rapidly climbing since
2007, driven by a mix of agriculture (from East and West Asia,
Brazil, and northern Africa) and fossil fuels, specifically from
North America. In other words, scientists are confident that humans
are the main cause of increasing methane pollution.<br>
<br>
Still, the data needs to get better. The Trump administration
scrapped early rules that would’ve required oil companies to monitor
and fix their own leaks. Few major economies even measure methane.
China has launched a carbon-trading market to tackle carbon
emissions, but has done less to control methane, which comes not
just from gas but coal as well.<br>
<br>
Scientists know a lot about CO2 — and much less about other gases<br>
There are other greenhouse gases out there besides CO2 and methane.
Nitrogen dioxides, black carbon, and halogenated gases (a category
that includes chemicals used for refrigerants, hydrofluorocarbons)
are other contributors to climate change.<br>
<br>
A graphic from the IPCC’s summary for policymakers makes sense of
how all these gases interact to add up to at least 1.1 degrees
Celsius of average global warming since the 1850s. As the below
graphic shows, CO2 and methane make up most of the warming, but
other pollutants leave their mark too. Some aerosols from fossil
fuels, like sulfur dioxide, actually have a cooling effect (but are
dangerous to our lungs).<br>
<br>
Other pollutants besides carbon have a heating effect on the
atmosphere. IPCC AR6 Summary for Policymakers<br>
There’s good news and bad news when it comes to the second-worst
cause of global warming.<br>
<br>
First the bad: Methane is rising, and there’s plenty we don’t know
about it. Even if we pinpointed the worst offenders in oil and gas,
its other sources would still require sweeping societal change, like
a reduction in the number of cows raised for food. (There’s been
some experimentation with feed for cattle to reduce methane, or more
wackily, fart-collecting backpacks for cows).<br>
<br>
Food waste, which releases methane as it decomposes, is a problem
too. Across the world, the richest economies are throwing out half
their food. Landfills may be able to capture some of the methane,
but that too is an energy-intensive process.<br>
<br>
Even though methane is not nearly as well-understood as carbon, it’s
playing an enormous role in the climate crisis. Patricia
Monteiro/Bloomberg via Getty Images<br>
That leaves oil, coal, and gas. Coal is the worst offender; it
leaches both carbon as well as methane, making it the number one
priority to phase out. Oil production is a big problem too, in part
because producers don’t face much regulatory or economic pressure to
recapture the extra gas. Even when industry is trying to capture and
sell natural gas, producers lose methane throughout its extraction
and transportation. It leaks out as producers pipe the gas to
compressor stations, process it for shipment, ship it hundreds of
miles by pipeline to a refinery, and transport it to the consumer in
the form of liquefied natural gas, plastic, petrochemicals, or the
gas that lights up ovens in homes and apartments.<br>
<br>
The whole system is extremely leaky, but the leakiest parts are not
totally clear. “It’s just been really hard to put our finger on
exactly the source, and be able to attribute it to the granularity
that would enable us to solve it,” said Fran Reuland, a researcher
on methane in the oil and gas industry at the think tank RMI.
“Because it’s happening over such a large area, wrapping your mind
around just how much is coming out is one of the main problems.”<br>
<br>
Another frustrating challenge is that methane emissions fluctuate.
Carbon Mapper pieced together a time series of a section of the
Permian Basin in the southwestern US, in which the dots
corresponding with methane emissions. About half the time, Duren
estimates, some of the worst offenders may be venting methane
directly into the atmosphere to relieve pressure, while the other
half probably represent persistent leaks and malfunctions.<br>
<br>
Environmentalists argue we must transition off coal, gas, and oil as
quickly as possible — but stopping the pollution can’t wait for the
transition to play out. A coalition of 134 environmental and health
groups have rallied around a certain target — cutting 65 percent of
the oil and gas industry’s methane pollution by 2025 — and have
pressured the Biden administration to adopt the same goal by using
existing technology.<br>
<br>
The gains from containing methane will be critical as the world
continues to gamble with its climate. A study from EDF scientists
published in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Research
Letters found that tackling methane emissions across multiple
sectors, including oil and gas, agriculture, and landfills, can slow
the current rate of runaway warming by a staggering 30 percent.
One-quarter of one degree Celsius by 2050 might not sound like a
lot, but small changes to global averages contain a range of extreme
impacts that will worsen across the globe.<br>
<br>
There’s the good news: The world doesn’t need to wait around for
better science. Action is feasible now.<br>
<br>
<b>Here’s what can be done about methane emissions now</b><br>
When the IPCC report came out on August 9, Lisa DeVille, a member of
the Dakota Resource Council who lives on the Fort Berthold Indian
Reservation, was encouraged to hear scientists “echoing what most of
us can see with our own eyes,” based on what she sees on the front
lines of oil production in North Dakota.<br>
<br>
“The land near my home is crisscrossed with oil and gas pipelines,
literally littered with drilling rigs,” DeVille said in a call with
reporters. She said her home has been ravaged by unusually high
rainfall and flooding, and she and her husband have had to breathe
in smoke from wildfires. “I live less than a mile away from well
pads that vent and flare methane and choke our atmosphere, making
local people like my husband and I sick. This means the land that is
part of my identity as an Indigenous women has been turned into a
pollution-filled industrial zone.”<br>
<br>
Under pressure from climate advocates, the Environmental Protection
Agency is expected to pass a new set of rules in September.
Environmentalists have pushed for high targets, and hope these rules
will require oil and gas companies to both monitor and address
methane leaks from existing and future wells, using sensors and
regular equipment checks. The Biden administration has suggested
that methane regulation offers “near-term solutions” to climate
change.<br>
<br>
There’s widespread agreement, even from some in the fossil fuel
industry, that the place to start is tackling leaks. This will get
easier as scientists gather better data about where methane is
leaking. From the industry’s perspective, companies are losing
product and dollars. For activists, plugging leaks is one step on
the road to permanently phasing out gas.<br>
<br>
The problem that underlies all of climate action is that humanity
has to trade short-term profit for the long-term costs. Carbon
pollution affects the world for the long haul, and methane is making
the crisis significantly worse in the near term.<br>
<br>
On the plus side, tackling methane and other dangerous pollutants
would have an “immediate payoff,” said Global Methane Assessment’s
Shindell. It could change our dangerous climate trajectory over the
next 30 years.<br>
<br>
“Every action counts,” said Jane Lubchenco, a senior science adviser
to the Biden administration, in an interview with Vox. “Every
avoided tenth of a degree matters.”<br>
<br>
Fractions of degrees could translate into wild swings in extreme
weather, or tipping points we don’t even fully understand. In the
effort to prevent climate catastrophe, methane will count
tremendously.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.vox.com/22613532/climate-change-methane-emissions">https://www.vox.com/22613532/climate-change-methane-emissions</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
[The news archive - looking back]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming
August 27, 1989</b></font><br>
<br>
August 27, 1989: The New York Times reports:<br>
<blockquote>"Top Soviet and American scientists, environmentalists,
policymakers, industry leaders and artists today urged President
Bush and President Mikhail S. Gorbachev of the Soviet Union to
form an 'environmental security alliance' to reverse what they
fear could be a catastrophic warming of the planet.<br>
<br>
"The gathering urged that the superpowers promote energy-efficient
technologies and phase out production and use of
chlorofluorocarbons no later than the year 2000. The group said
the countries should 'substantially reduce' carbon dioxide
emissions, reduce the loss of forests and promote tree planting
worldwide. Participants asked that the two leaders appeal directly
to their citizens to help.<br>
<br>
"The joint letter avoided specific goals to achieve a compromise
between the Soviet and American participants and within the
American contingent, even though some participants had wanted
specific numerical and time goals on cutting emissions. But it
represented the most concerted Soviet-American action yet over
fears that the emission of industrial chemicals into the
atmosphere is causing a worldwide warming trend, or 'greenhouse
effect.'<br>
<br>
"'Soviet and U.S. scientists agreed that continued buildup of
greenhouse gases at present rates will insure that global
temperatures rise before the middle of the next century above
anything in human history,' an accompanying report stated. The
report said disruptions in agriculture and rising sea levels would
cause 'massive refugee problems.'"<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/us/summit-of-sorts-on-global-warming.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">http://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/27/us/summit-of-sorts-on-global-warming.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm</a>
<br>
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/-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------/
<br>
/Archive of Daily Global Warming News <a
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