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<font size="+2"><i><b>October 4, 2021</b></i></font><br>
<br>
<i>[ icky and sticky spill onto the beach]<br>
</i><b>Oil washes ashore in Southern California as 126,000 gallons
from spill threaten wildlife</b><i><br>
</i>Officials warned of an “environmental catastrophe” on Sunday
after more than 120,000 gallons of oil leaked from a rig and washed
up on beaches south of Los Angeles, threatening wildlife and closing
popular shores.<br>
<br>
Authorities said Sunday afternoon that the heavy crude oil did not
appear to be leaking anymore, but that the cause and timeline
remained under investigation. The oil spill, a few miles offshore
from Newport Beach and Huntington Beach, was first reported Saturday
and leaked about 126,000 gallons spanning 13 square miles, officials
said. The emergency sent people scrambling to contain the fallout
and protect sensitive habitats.<br>
<br>
“This oil spill constitutes one of the most devastating situations
that our community has dealt with in decades,” Huntington Beach
Mayor Pro Tem Kim Carr said during a news conference on Sunday. She
said authorities are looking at how to hold accountable the
responsible parties and warned there will be “a lot more hitting our
shores over the next few days.”...<br>
- -<br>
Krysta Higuchi, a spokesperson for the Pacific Marine Mammal Center
in Laguna Beach, said the group is prepared to treat marine mammals
but had not yet received reports of any affected by the spill. “It’s
all hands on deck, but it’s still a waiting game as we don’t know
the full extent of the issue,” she said, adding it may take weeks
before harmed wildlife washes ashore. “We’re just preparing for the
worst but hoping for the best.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/10/03/oil-spill-california-huntington-newport/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/10/03/oil-spill-california-huntington-newport/</a><i><br>
</i>
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</i></p>
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</i></p>
<i>[video on messy Congressional politics - Arizona] </i><br>
<b>Progressives Planning Primary Challenge Against Sen. Kyrsten
Sinema</b><br>
Sep 30, 2021<br>
NBC News<br>
Progressive Arizona Democrats are said to be pursuing a primary
challenge against the moderate Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, who is up for
re-election in 2024. Sinema has faced criticism from members of her
own party for her stances on the filibuster and infrastructure<br>
Watch more NBC video: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://bit.ly/MoreNBCNews">http://bit.ly/MoreNBCNews</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJICxcNVLQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJICxcNVLQ</a><br>
- -<br>
<i>[PBS explains it ]</i><br>
<b>Why Manchin, Sinema are holding out on reconciliation, and how
their constituents feel</b><br>
Sep 30, 2021<br>
PBS NewsHour<br>
As Democrats work to reach an agreement on trillions of dollars of
government spending, the fate of the reconciliation bill's final
cost — and the passage of the president's overall legislative agenda
— largely hinges on support from two key, influential Democratic
senators: West Virginia's Joe Manchin and Arizona's Kyrsten Sinema.
Lisa Desjardins and Stephanie Sy break down their stances<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHbk-nEnut0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHbk-nEnut0</a><br>
- -<br>
[Sinema rushes to cover up her liberal past]<br>
<b>Kyrsten Sinema Rushes To Delete Old Tweets After They Resurface</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvJDRPFM0hc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvJDRPFM0hc</a>
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</p>
<i><br>
</i><br>
<i>[Beckwith video explaining the tropical changes]</i><br>
<b>Tropical Turmoil: Anomalies, Storms, and Monsoonal Changes Near
the Equator</b><br>
Sep 27, 2021<br>
Paul Beckwith<br>
In this video I chat all about the changes in the tropics and the
consequences of these changes. <br>
<br>
I am presently studying and analyzing many components of the Earth’s
climate system, as I prepare material for my daily presentations
that I will give at the COP26 global climate conference in Glasgow,
Scotland in the first two weeks of November.<br>
<br>
We often think about the effects that the rapidly changing poles are
undergoing, and their effects on the climate system of the entire
planet. Seldom do we discuss the tropics. Although their temperature
is not rising as fast as the poles, they are, like every other place
on our planet Earth, undergoing massive disruptions.<br>
<br>
I discuss changes in:<br>
— the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) originating in the
equatorial Pacific Ocean<br>
— Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly magnitudes, spatial
configurations, and ocean temperature with depth<br>
— Outgoing LongWave Radiation (OLR) changes, wind speed changes near
the surface and at jet stream altitudes<br>
— changes to the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) location and
intensity<br>
— Monsoon regions, intensities, and regional changes (as the jet
stream weakens, monsoonal effects become that much more important to
determining regional weather patterns)<br>
— Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) shifts<br>
— Changes in Tropical Cyclone formation, characteristics, and
Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) in each of the different regions of
the planet<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3hIBs7F1l0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3hIBs7F1l0</a><br>
<p><i><br>
</i></p>
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<i>[Clips from a long DeSmog post about the global influence and
current extent of misinformation battles]</i><br>
<b>Revealed: Two Thirds of Online Posts from Six Major European
Fossil Fuel Companies ‘Greenwashing’</b><br>
One expert called it a “systematic deceptive marketing campaign
designed to interfere with the solution that is necessary to respond
to the climate emergency: stopping fossil fuel production.”<br>
ANALYSIS<br>
<b> </b>Rachel Sherrington -- Oct 3, 2021 <br>
Nearly two thirds of social media posts put out by six major
European fossil fuel and energy companies since the end of 2019
present a “green” image of the company, despite the majority of
their business activity remaining in fossil fuels, reveals new
analysis by Desmog. The findings add to campaigner concerns that
fossil fuel companies are promoting a misleading image of their
business models as the need to decarbonize the economy becomes
increasingly urgent.<br>
<br>
DeSmog’s investigation shows a disproportionate focus on green or
environmental efforts by the companies — including highlighting
their net zero targets — compared to the share of their business
that is made up of clean energy efforts compared to their continued
extraction or use of fossil fuels.<br>
<br>
Available figures compiled from various public corporate reports
suggest that on average 80 percent of the businesses’ operations
remain in oil and gas and, in one case, coal. The remaining 20
percent represents investments outside of fossil fuels, in areas
such as renewables, carbon capture and storage, and research into
new green technologies. <br>
<br>
The analysis, however, found that 63 percent of the more than 3,000
online posts and videos posted on YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook by
Royal Dutch Shell, TotalEnergies, Repsol, Eni, Fortum and Preem
between December 2019 and April 2021 presented the energy companies
as “green”. Among these posts, 18 percent were publicly designated
as advertisements as they appeared on Facebook Ad Library; the
number of adverts analysed is likely higher overall but YouTube and
Twitter do not publicly disclose this information.<br>
<br>
Meanwhile, only 16 percent of all online posts and promotions
focussed on the companies’ fossil fuel activities, the research
found, including arguing for the need for fossil fuels to ensure
energy supplies remain stable, and arguing for their benefits to the
economy in developing countries.<br>
<br>
“This is greenwashing-101, and it’s utterly misleading,” said
Geoffrey Supran, research associate in the Department of the History
of Science at Harvard University, reacting to DeSmog’s findings.
“Indeed, it’s the very epitome of greenwashing: act dirty, talk
green.”<br>
<br>
Greenwashing is defined as “an umbrella term” for the various
misleading communications and other corporate practices that
“intentionally, or not, induce false positive perceptions of an
organization’s environmental performance.”...<br>
- -<br>
Half of the companies analysed dedicated over 80 percent of their
posts to highlighting their involvement in green and
climate-friendly work such as building up more renewable energy
capacity. Green investments, however, make up just 12 percent of
these companies’ portfolios on average based on publicly available
figures.<br>
- - <br>
“These companies use advertising to distort the public debate,
portray themselves as the good guys on environmental issues and to
create a ‘social licence’ for themselves – effectively build an aura
of respectability around their activities that masks the true nature
of the disastrous role they play,” said Barnaby Pace, senior
campaigner at Global Witness.<br>
<b><br>
</b><b>Worst Offenders</b><br>
Of all the companies analysed in the study, Swedish oil company
Preem had the highest discrepancy between the number of online
messages promoting a “green” image and the reality of its energy
portfolio. <br>
<br>
While more than 80 percent of Preem’s posts promoted a green image
or highlighted the use of green technology, only 2 percent of the
company’s business is outside of fossil fuels, according to figures
provided to Desmog....<br>
- -<br>
Shell, which was identified as the second worst offender in the
study, currently channels 90 percent of its long-term investments
into fossil fuels, according to recent analysis, and between 2010
and 2018, it was reported to have dedicated just 1 percent of its
investments to sources of low-carbon energy such as wind and solar.
<br>
<br>
However, 13 percent of Shell’s posts focussed specifically on
renewable energies such as wind, solar, and hydropower. The company
also had the largest share of promos focussing on hydrogen, which
made up 11 percent of its total output. <br>
<br>
Responding to DeSmog’s findings, a spokesperson at Shell said: “To
help alter the mix of energy Shell sells, we need to grow these new
businesses rapidly. That means letting our customers know through
advertising or social media what lower-carbon solutions we offer now
or are developing, so they can switch when the time is right for
them.”<br>
<br>
The third worst offender in the analysis, Finnish energy company
Fortum, generates 54 percent of its energy from fossil fuels,
including 9 percent from coal and brown coal (also known as
lignite). Coal is the world’s most polluting fossil fuel, and brown
coal is the most polluting form of coal, producing up to a third
more greenhouse gas emissions per ton than conventional black coal
when burnt...<br>
- -<br>
<b>A Focus on ‘Net Zero’ </b><br>
DeSmog’s research found that among the green-focused social media
posts, the fossil fuel companies were most likely to talk about
their climate plans and initiatives. This included a wide range of
strategies and projects, including a large focus on “net zero”
targets, which the six companies have all introduced recently...<br>
- - <br>
“These advertisements don’t just promote green efforts; they promote
the fossil fuel company too,” said White, calling the companies’
various low-carbon initiatives not much more than “token projects.”<br>
<br>
He continued: “The millions spent on sophisticated marketing and
advertising campaigns are about shaping public opinion and
maintaining demand for fossil fuels. The harmful impact this has on
the pace of change – at a time when the need to transition could not
be clearer – cannot be underestimated.”<br>
<br>
The other major “green” topic that companies promoted was their
involvement in efforts to make transport more sustainable. Transport
is one of the world’s most emitting sectors overall, making up more
than one tenth of emissions worldwide.<br>
- -<br>
<b>Controversial Ideas </b><br>
A significant number of the green-focused social posts were about
technologies and fuel sources which, although presented as green and
climate-friendly by companies, have been the subject of significant
concerns from scientists and activists over their potential to
contribute to global emissions. <br>
<br>
These technologies, several of which have been labelled as “false
solutions” by environmental campaigners, made up 12 percent of
promos overall. <br>
<br>
“The fossil fuel industry loves pushing technological fixes to the
climate crisis that mean that they don’t have to stop using fossil
fuels,” said Global Witness’s Pace. “They are nearly always decades
away, are vastly expensive or just simply don’t work.” <br>
- -<br>
The most recurring of these posts (making up a total 4 percent of
all posts) was natural gas, which, despite being a fossil fuel, has
a history of being presented as a bridge fuel towards a cleaner
future due to the fact it produces less emissions than other
conventional fuels when burnt. <br>
<br>
Gas, however, still releases methane and carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere, and its extraction leads to further emissions of the
potent greenhouse gas methane, which is a more powerful greenhouse
gas than carbon dioxide over the first 20 years after being released
into the atmosphere. In a blow to the industry, the world’s leading
energy analysts recently warned the use of natural gas must be
drastically curtailed to meet climate goals.<br>
<br>
Eni told DeSmog that gas will “in the long term” account for more
than 90 percent of the company’s hydrocarbon production and “will be
an important support for intermittent sources in the energy
transition.”<br>
<br>
A spokesperson for Eni added the company “strongly believ[es] that
technology is the only key to face this big challenge, which
requires pragmatism in using all the industrial and technological
solutions available to set up ad hoc strategies for each Country and
Company’s needs.”<br>
<br>
Online posts in this category also included attempts by companies to
absorb greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere, either through
man-made technologies, which made up 2 percent of posts, or through
so-called “nature-based solutions,” most commonly made up of
tree-planting initiatives, which made up 1 percent of promos
overall.<br>
<br>
While carbon capture and storage (CCS) — either through natural or
manmade means — has been highlighted as an important solution in
addressing climate change, companies have been criticised for using
these technologies to justify continued use of fossil fuels. There
are also doubts over the feasibility of rolling out these projects
on a large scale....<br>
- -<br>
The risk, however, he said is that fossil fuel interests may try to
“co-opt” these technologies to “avoid, first and foremost, scaling
down fossil fuel production.”...<br>
- -<br>
“‘Greenwashing’ tends to minimize the wrongful nature of the
industry’s messaging … It is a systematic deceptive marketing
campaign.” Karen Sokol, a professor at Loyola University New
Orleans College of Law<br>
- -<br>
Hydrogen, meanwhile, has been promoted by many in the energy sector
as a clean alternative to gas, as the fuel does not produce any
greenhouse gases when burnt. However, activists fear widespread use
of the fuel, which is not currently in commercial use, may prolong
the use of fossil fuels. There are several ways to produce hydrogen,
but almost all of it currently in production uses methane as the
feedstock, with non-renewable energy powering that production...<br>
- - <br>
Ultimately, this then allows for the industry to create a “‘Fossil
Fuel Savior’ framing of the climate crisis that helps defend the
status quo,” he said.<br>
<br>
This point was echoed by Sokol, who said: “All technologies that
involve continued fossil fuel production — including carbon capture
and so-called blue or gray hydrogen — are not merely false
solutions. They would accelerate the climate crisis, perpetuate
existing and create new harms that disproportionately impact
communities who have long been on the frontlines of fossil fuel
infrastructure.”<br>
<br>
<b>Social Good</b><br>
While most of the companies’ posts related to their core business in
energy, the research revealed that all companies dedicated a
significant number of posts (16 percent of all analysed) to
emphasising positive involvement in wider social initiatives, not
just the environment, including their involvement in schemes
relating to diversity, education and training, poverty, and
healthcare.<br>
<br>
The company with the largest share of ads focussed on its wider
social contribution was Italian oil giant Eni, which dedicated 37
percent of its promos to this theme. French oil company,
TotalEnergies, also had a heavy focus on social initiatives,
dedicating one in five of its online posts to social projects and
initiatives such as supporting children’s projects in Africa, and
getting more women into science. <br>
<br>
Within the social good category, companies’ involvement and
sponsorship of recreational activities, and notably sports, was a
common theme. This included posts featuring partnerships with
renowned sports personalities and brands, and promotion of their
sponsorships of sportspeople and teams. Additional research by
DeSmog found that five of the six companies (all companies except
Fortum) were involved in sports sponsorships overall.<br>
- -<br>
<b>Fossil Fuels </b><br>
Just 16 percent of posts analysed highlighted the development and
use of fossil fuels, the research found, despite these online
promotions being most representative of the companies’ activities.<br>
<br>
The most prevalent theme in the fossil fuel category was posts
promoting a range of products related to conventional transport,
which made up 13 percent of all promos (390 posts and videos). This
included content promoting petrol and diesel for cars, without any
attempts to promote these fuels as climate-friendly, and posts
highlighting companies’ petrol stations.<br>
<br>
This category also included companies selling other products used
for conventional transport, such as lubricants and engine oils.
Transport was less likely to be subject to greenwashing than energy,
the research found, with more posts simply showing companies’
involvement in conventional forms of transport than green
alternatives.<br>
<br>
A spokesperson from Shell told DeSmog that while the company invests
“billions” in “lower-carbon” energy, “the world will still need oil
and gas for many years to come. Investment in them will ensure we
can supply the energy people will still have to rely on, while
lower-carbon alternatives are scaled up.”...<br>
- -<br>
“This industry has a proven track-record of acting in bad faith on
the climate crisis, and so the onus must be on them to show they are
serious about reforming their business practices rather than their
propaganda,” said Supran. “This means putting their money where
their mouths are. As long as they continue to market themselves as
low-carbon, yet invest almost entirely in high-carbon, their ads
are, by definition, a distraction from reality that doesn’t deserve
to be taken seriously.”<br>
<br>
Research by Nadia Feldkircher, Ines Emprin, Charlotta Lahnalahti,
Ingvild Deila, Mariangela Castillo, Katherine Besenyei and Kate
McMahon.<br>
<br>
This research was commissioned by Greenpeace. DeSmog retained full
editorial control of the work.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.desmog.com/2021/10/03/european-energy-companies-greenwashing/">https://www.desmog.com/2021/10/03/european-energy-companies-greenwashing/</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[Military has long known how to quickly spot wildfires ] </i><br>
<b>The Secret War Over Pentagon Aid in Fighting Wildfires</b><br>
The military’s satellites excel at spotting new blazes, but for
decades they have been mostly off limits to civilian firefighters.<br>
William J. Broad - Updated Oct. 1, 2021<br>
<br>
In July, as wildfires tore through the American West, President
Biden met with the region’s governors to find better ways to battle
the flames. Gov. Gavin Newsom of California requested use of
military satellites that are designed to warn of missile attacks,
calling the orbital fleet “a game changer” for spotting and fighting
wildfires.<br>
<br>
Mr. Biden promised to help. “When this meeting is over,” he said,
“I’ll be on the phone with the Department of Defense.”<br>
<br>
His call wasn’t the first — or the 50th.<br>
<br>
The issue of using secret military gear to aid civilian firefighters
arose 35 years ago. It grew as the White House, the Central
Intelligence Agency, the U.S. Forest Service and other federal
agencies sought to establish a national system that warned of
undetected wildfires and menacing flare-ups.<br>
<br>
The Pentagon allowed tests and a short-lived prototype. But the
arrangements were never permanent. The military, eager to safeguard
its prerogatives and orbital fleets, was always glad to shut the
pipeline down. As a result, officials like Governor Newsom now have
to lobby for emergency access.<br>
<br>
But record-setting fires are likely to grow worse and pose grave new
dangers that warrant an urgent response, according to proponents of
deeper cooperation between officials who combat wildfires and those
managing the military spacecraft. The nation can no longer afford
endless turf wars and bureaucratic foot-dragging. It’s a matter,
they say, of public safety.<br>
<br>
“Fighting disasters is like fighting wars,” said Darrell G. Herd, a
retired senior research scientist at the Defense Intelligence Agency
who pioneered early orbital tests of wildfire detection. “You suffer
if you don’t have adequate warning.”...<br>
- -<br>
Satellite-sharing proponents often cite the military’s Global
Positioning System as a role model. That fleet of satellites began
life in 1978 as a highly classified system for transmitting precise
location data to the U.S. armed forces. In the 1980s, civilians
gained access. Today, commercial uses include tracking vehicles and
sending position data to millions of smartphones.<br>
<br>
In an interview, Representative Adam B. Schiff, the California
Democrat who heads the House Intelligence Committee, said the nation
needed to rethink the military’s overall role in protecting American
society and decide either to shrink its budgets or expand its
domestic responsibilities. The new roles, he added, should include
the permanent sharing of the attack-warning satellites with the
civilian authorities.<br>
<br>
“Part of a strong America is having a strong infrastructure that
protects our citizens not just from foreign attack but natural
disasters,” Mr. Schiff said. “We need to protect people from the
growing intensity of these fires.”<br>
<br>
Mr. Schiff cited a personal encounter. In 2009, a California
wildfire grew into the largest in the modern history of Los Angeles
County, killing two firefighters, destroying scores of homes and
turning hundreds of square miles of green vegetation into blackened
remains.<br>
<br>
“I remember stepping outside my house one night,” Mr. Schiff said.
“It looked like lava flowing down the canyons — like a scene out of
a surreal horror film.”<br>
<br>
The revitalized debate centers on an early generation of
attack-warning satellites known as the Defense Support Program, a
main participant in the fire experiments. First sent aloft in 1970,
the spacecraft orbit 22,300 miles up, over the Equator, in sync with
Earth’s rotation. Hanging motionless relative to the ground lets
them peer without interruption at the same regions.<br>
<br>
One satellite can see roughly a third of Earth’s surface, and three
can scan the entirety of the planet. Their specialty is spotting the
fiery plumes of attacking missiles. But their infrared sensors —
sensitive to heat’s invisible rays — can see much more. Once, a
spacecraft was able to pinpoint where an Air Force C-141 transport
jet exploded over the South Atlantic.<br>
<br>
The military has lofted 23 of the craft over the decades at an
estimated cost of $15 billion. Their current numbers and orbital
locations are classified secrets. By Washington standards, their
operating costs are relatively low. A military contractor was
recently awarded a renewal contract for $223 million over ten years,
or $22.3 million a year.<br>
<br>
Military craft in geosynchronous orbit have an edge over civilian
satellites at lower altitudes that move steadily over Earth’s
surface. The spacecraft in lower orbits see particular sites
infrequently, often leaving them blind to new fires, sudden
flare-ups and shifting flames. The images of NASA’s firefighting
program are up to five hours old. In contrast, the military craft
scan planet Earth every 10 seconds.<br>
<br>
In fire season, striking images from satellite companies and the
space fleets of civilian agencies are often made public, but those
spacecraft typically detect blazes only after they’re too large to
contain...<br>
- -<br>
In 2012, Medea, the C.I.A.’s environmental arm, compared the two
approaches in a global test. The target was Brazil and its
gargantuan forests, which farmers often set ablaze to clear land.
The military’s attack-warning satellites came out on top. Their
geostationary positions gave them continuous views, whereas the
civilian satellites in lower orbits came and went over hours and
days, often leaving them unable to detect new blazes.<br>
<br>
On a temporary basis, California began using the military spacecraft
to spot fires in 2018. Last year, Maj. Gen. David S. Baldwin,
adjutant general of the California National Guard, told reporters
that the state was “becoming pretty good at it.”<br>
<br>
The main problem was the limited access. Most recently, use of the
military asset was set to expire on Sept. 30, at the end of the
federal government’s fiscal year. So, over the summer, the state of
California mounted a lobbying campaign...<br>
- -<br>
In an interview, Linda Zall, a former C.I.A. official who for
decades led the agency’s fire and environmental studies, said it was
“a travesty” that civilian officials faced so much resistance to a
modest step that promised to substantially enhance public safety.<br>
<br>
The civilian authorities could soon get better options. Start-ups in
Australia and Germany are planning to loft fire-spotting satellites
in order to serve fast-growing international markets. And Planet, a
U.S. company that built a fleet of nearly 200 imaging satellites,
recently joined with a start-up to assess forest fire risks.<br>
- -<br>
The wildfire situation “is going to get worse before it gets
better,” Mr. Harris said. As a matter of public safety commensurate
with the growing threat, he added, now is the time to “move the
bureaucracy, to tell it what’s important. Let’s take advantage of
these very capable resources.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/27/science/wildfires-military-satellites.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/27/science/wildfires-military-satellites.html</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<i>[The news archive - looking back]</i><br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming
October 4, 2015</b></font><br>
The New York Times editorial board observes:<br>
<blockquote>"India’s announcement of a long-term plan to combat
greenhouse gas<br>
emissions brings on board all the world’s major economies —
including<br>
big polluters like the United States, China, the European Union
and<br>
Brazil — with national pledges to address climate change.<br>
"India’s pledge is among the least ambitious of the big emitters,
but<br>
even so, with less than two months to go before a critical United<br>
Nations climate conference in Paris, it is an important
development.<br>
In contrast to past efforts to reduce greenhouse gases by
assigning<br>
specific emissions levels only to industrialized countries, while<br>
giving developing countries like India a pass (an approach that
met<br>
with stiff resistance in the United States), the Paris conference
is<br>
asking every country to create its own plan."<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/04/opinion/sunday/a-big-boost-for-the-climate-summit.html?ref=opinion">http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/04/opinion/sunday/a-big-boost-for-the-climate-summit.html?ref=opinion</a><br>
<br>
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