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<font size="+2"><i><b>November 20, 2021</b></i></font><br>
<br>
<i>[ Government acts - but it is not yet done]</i><br>
<b>House passes roughly $2 trillion spending package that would
expand social benefits and fight climate change</b><br>
Republicans delayed the vote, but Democrats pushed ahead on one of
Biden’s key priorities. The battle now moves to the Senate.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/11/19/house-spending-reconciliation-bill/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/11/19/house-spending-reconciliation-bill/</a><br>
- -<br>
<i>[ well aimed over ten years ]</i><br>
<b>What’s in the $2.2 Trillion Social Policy and Climate Bill</b><br>
The package includes $400 billion to bolster support for children
and families, $555 billion for climate change programs and $166
billion in housing aid.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/explaining-social-policy-climate-bill.html">https://www.nytimes.com/article/explaining-social-policy-climate-bill.html</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<i>[ Scientists start predicting] </i><br>
<b>How climate change may shape the world in the centuries to come</b><br>
As 2100 looms closer, climate projections should look farther into
the future, scientists say<br>
- - <br>
These visualizations — of U.S. Midwestern farms overtaken by
subtropical plants, of a dried-up Amazon rainforest, of extreme heat
baking the Indian subcontinent — emphasize why researchers need to
push climate projections long past the customary benchmark of 2100,
environmental social scientist Christopher Lyon and colleagues
contend September 24 in Global Change Biology.<br>
<br>
Fifty years have passed since the first climate projections, which
set that distant target at 2100, says Lyon, of McGill University in
Montreal. But that date isn’t so far off anymore, and the effects of
greenhouse gas emissions emitted in the past and present will linger
for centuries (SN: 8/9/21).<br>
<br>
To visualize what that future world might look like, the researchers
considered three possible climate trajectories — low, moderate and
high emissions as used in past reports by the United Nations’
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change — and projected changes
all the way out to 2500 (SN: 1/7/20). The team focused particularly
on impacts on civilization: heat stress, failing crops and changes
in land use and vegetation (SN: 3/13/17)...<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/climate-change-projections-2500">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/climate-change-projections-2500</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
<i>[ academic study is an opinion ]</i><br>
<b>Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100</b><br>
First published: 24 September 2021
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15871Citations">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15871Citations</a>: 1<br>
Abstract<br>
<blockquote>Anthropogenic activity is changing Earth's climate and
ecosystems in ways that are potentially dangerous and disruptive
to humans. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere
continue to rise, ensuring that these changes will be felt for
centuries beyond 2100, the current benchmark for projection.
Estimating the effects of past, current, and potential future
emissions to only 2100 is therefore short-sighted. Critical
problems for food production and climate-forced human migration
are projected to arise well before 2100, raising questions
regarding the habitability of some regions of the Earth after the
turn of the century. To highlight the need for more distant
horizon scanning, we model climate change to 2500 under a suite of
emission scenarios and quantify associated projections of crop
viability and heat stress. Together, our projections show global
climate impacts increase significantly after 2100 without rapid
mitigation. As a result, we argue that projections of climate and
its effects on human well-being and associated governance and
policy must be framed beyond 2100.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15871">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.15871</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
<i>[ from Science News - independent journalism ]</i><br>
<b>Climate models agree things will get bad. Capturing just how bad
is tricky</b><br>
Scientists still aren’t sure what the worst-case scenario for
Earth’s future climate looks like<br>
- -<br>
More information doesn’t always mean more clarity. And that is now
feeding into uncertainty about just how bad the “worst-case
scenario” might be for Earth’s climate.<br>
<br>
Five years ago, the probable worst-case climate scenarios were
worrisome enough. Under a so-called “business-as-usual” scenario, in
which humankind takes no action to abate greenhouse gas emissions,
by 2100 the planet was projected to warm between 2.6 degrees and 4.8
degrees Celsius relative to the average Earth temperature from 1986
to 2005 (SN: 4/13/14). Global mean sea level was thought likely to
increase by up to a meter in that same scenario, according to the
2014 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or
IPCC.<br>
<br>
But the newest generation of climate models suggests Earth’s climate
may be even more sensitive to very high levels of atmospheric carbon
dioxide than once thought. And that, in turn, is increasing
projections of just how hot it could get. <br>
<br>
“We’re having discussions of ‘Do we believe these models?’” says
Andrew Gettelman, a climate scientist with the National Center for
Atmospheric Research, or NCAR, in Boulder, Colo.<br>
<br>
That’s because the simulations use the same equations to look at
past and future climate conditions. And many simulations still
struggle to re-create accurately the climate of very warm time
periods in the past, such as the Eocene Epoch (SN: 11/3/15). As the
world gets hotter, it turns out, the uncertainties start to ramp up.
“Nobody is arguing about whether [the temperature increase will be]
less than 2 degrees,” Gettelman says. “We’re arguing about the high
end.”<br>
<br>
Turning up the heat<br>
The first whiff that something very strange was going on with the
latest models came in March, at a meeting in Barcelona of scientists
and modelers working on next-gen climate simulations. Many of the
simulations are destined to be incorporated into the next IPCC
assessment report, the first part of which is scheduled for release
in April 2021...<br>
- -<br>
One of the largest uncertainties is how warming oceans can interact
with the vast underbellies of glaciers fringing the ice sheets,
eroding them, Rignot says. To identify how such erosion might occur
requires detailed bathymetry maps, charts of the seafloor that can
reveal deep channels that allow warmer ocean water to sneak into
fjords and eat away at the glaciers (SN: 4/3/18). He and his
colleagues have been creating some of those maps for Greenland.<br>
<br>
Scientists also are trying to get boots-on-the-ground data to tackle
other uncertainties, such as how warming can change the behavior of
the ice sheets themselves as they stretch, bend and slide across the
ground. In 2018, an international collaboration of scientists began
a five-year project to study the breakup of the Florida-sized
Thwaites Glacier in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in real time. Warm
ocean waters are thinning the glacier, which supports the ice sheet
like a buttress, slowing the flow of ice toward the ocean. Thwaites
is likely to collapse, possibly within the next few decades.<br>
<br>
And there are other processes not yet included in the CMIP models
that could send ice tumbling rapidly into the sea: Meltwater seeps
through cracks and crevasses to the base of the ice sheet,
lubricating its slide from land to ocean. Meltwater can also
refreeze into solid, impermeable slabs that can speed up the flow of
newer meltwater into the ocean (SN: 9/18/19). Perhaps most
frighteningly, some researchers have suggested that future warming
could cause Antarctica’s giant, steep ice cliffs to suddenly lose
large chunks of ice to the ocean, rapidly raising sea levels (SN:
2/6/19).<br>
<br>
There’s a good reason why current climate models don’t include the
ice cliff hypothesis, Alley says. “The best models, the ones that
you can have the most faith that they’re reconstructing what’s
happened recently, generally do not spend a lot of effort on
breaking things off,” he says. The problem isn’t in simulating the
physics of ice bits breaking off, it’s in simulating exactly which
ice shelves will break off — and when. That makes the potential
error of simulating those processes very large.<br>
<br>
“That’s a lot of the tension in the community right now,” Alley
adds. “How to deal with this is still proving very difficult.”...<br>
- -<br>
If Thwaites glacier retreats all the way to Antarctica’s interior,
ongoing calving could create massive cliffs twice as high and 10
times as wide as any observed in Greenland, he noted in December at
the American Geophysical Union’s annual meeting in San Francisco.<br>
<br>
The IPCC is “assuming we’ll get lucky and it won’t happen,” Alley
said. But the ocean sediment data raises “really serious questions
about that assumption.”<br>
<br>
Gettelman, meanwhile, cautions that the lingering uncertainty in
future projections does not mean the world should wait to see what
happens or for scientists to figure it out. “It really means we need
to do something soon,” he says. Whether the high temperature or sea
level rise projections turn out to be real or not, “it’s still
pretty bad.”<br>
<i>[clips from ] </i><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/why-climate-change-models-disagree-earth-worst-case-scenarios">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/why-climate-change-models-disagree-earth-worst-case-scenarios</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ students define climate activism hour long video ]</i><br>
Climate Activism<br>
Nov 8, 2021<br>
Oxford Climate Society<br>
Disha Ravi - Climate Justice Activist with Fridays for Future India<br>
Jessica Keetso - Organizer for Tò Nizhóní Ání (Sacred Water Speaks)<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ja3AdF0lM7M">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ja3AdF0lM7M</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ video discussion, "Blah, blah, blah, BANG!" - When you hear
"Comet danger" - it is too easy to think " runaway Climate" ] <br>
</i><b>DO Look up! An Update on Asteroid Defense with Astronaut Ed
Lu</b><br>
Nov 19, 2021<br>
Andrew Revkin<br>
NASA is poised to launch the DART asteroid deflection mission and
filmmaker Adam McKay is launching “Don’t Look Up,” a dark comedy
about humanity’s habit of ignoring big, bad threats.<br>
<br>
Join Andy Revkin of the Columbia Climate School in a special
conversation on efforts to detect and deflect the Solar System’s
deadly wanderers. His guests are former astronaut Ed Lu, a founder
of B612 Foundation and director of the new Asteroid Institute, and
Danica Remy, executive director of
B612.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdvWL57sfZg<br>
<p> - -</p>
<i>[ see the 2:45 video trailer - <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/RbIxYm3mKzI">https://youtu.be/RbIxYm3mKzI</a>
]</i><br>
<b>DON'T LOOK UP | Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Lawrence | Official
Trailer | Netflix</b><br>
Nov 16, 2021<br>
Netflix<br>
Based on real events that haven’t happened - yet. Don’t Look Up in
select theaters December 10 and on Netflix December 24.<br>
DON’T LOOK UP tells the story of two low-level astronomers who must
go on a giant media tour to warn mankind of an approaching comet
that will destroy planet Earth. Written and Directed by Adam McKay.<br>
<b><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://youtu.be/RbIxYm3mKzI">https://youtu.be/RbIxYm3mKz</a></b>
<p><br>
<br>
</p>
<i>[ Clipped text, but only 10? ]</i><br>
<b>Ten ways to confront the climate crisis without losing hope</b><br>
It’s easy to despair at the climate crisis, or to decide it’s
already too late – but it’s not. Here’s how to keep the fight alive<br>
by Rebecca Solnit<br>
Thu 18 Nov 2021<br>
The world as we knew it is coming to an end, and it’s up to us how
it ends and what comes after. It’s the end of the age of fossil
fuel, but if the fossil-fuel corporations have their way the ending
will be delayed as long as possible, with as much carbon burned as
possible. If the rest of us prevail, we will radically reduce our
use of those fuels by 2030, and almost entirely by 2050. We will
meet climate change with real change, and defeat the fossil-fuel
industry in the next nine years.<br>
<br>
If we succeed, those who come after will look back on the age of
fossil fuel as an age of corruption and poison. The grandchildren of
those who are young now will hear horror stories about how people
once burned great mountains of poisonous stuff dug up from deep
underground that made children sick and birds die and the air filthy
and the planet heat up.<br>
<br>
We must remake the world, and we can remake it better. The Covid-19
pandemic is proof that if we take a crisis seriously, we can change
how we live, almost overnight, dramatically, globally, digging up
great piles of money from nowhere, like the $3tn the US initially
threw at the pandemic.<br>
<br>
The climate summit that just concluded in Glasgow didn’t get us
there, though many good and even remarkable things happened. Those
people who in many cases hardly deserve the term “leader” were
pulled forward by what activists and real leaders from
climate-vulnerable countries demanded; they were held back by the
vested interests and their own attachment to the status quo and the
profit to be made from continued destruction. As the ever-acute
David Roberts put it: “Whether and how fast India phases out coal
has nothing at all to do with what its diplomat says in Glasgow and
everything to do with domestic Indian politics, which have their own
logic and are only faintly affected by international politics.”...<br>
- - <br>
The emotional toll of the climate crisis has become an urgent crisis
of its own. It’s best met, I believe, by both being well grounded in
the facts, and working towards achieving a decent future – and by
acknowledging there are grounds for fear, anxiety and depression in
both the looming possibilities and in institutional inaction. What
follows is a set of tools I’ve found useful both for the inward
business of attending to my state of mind, and for the outward work
of trying to do something about the climate crisis – which are not
necessarily separate jobs.<br>
<b>1. Feed your feelings on facts...</b><br>
- -<br>
One of the curious things about the climate crisis is that the
uninformed are often more grim and fatalistic than the experts in
the field – the scientists, organisers and policymakers who are deep
in the data and the politics. Too many people like to spread their
despair, saying: “It’s too late” and “There’s nothing we can do”.
These are excuses for doing nothing, and erase those doing
something. That’s not what the experts say.<br>
<br>
We still have time to choose the best rather than the worst
scenarios, though the longer we wait the harder it gets, and the
more dramatic the measures are required. We know what to do, and
that knowledge is getting more refined and precise, but also more
creative, all the time. The only obstacles are political and
imaginative.<br>
<b>2. Pay attention to what’s already happening...</b><br>
<b>- -</b><br>
...If some past victories are hard to see, it’s because there’s
nothing left behind to see: the coal-fired plant that was never
built, the pipeline that was stopped, the drilling that was banned,
the trees that weren’t chopped down. As my friend Daniel Jubelirer
of the Sunrise Project advises, if you find the sheer volume of data
and issues overwhelming, join up, learn as you go and perhaps pick
an area to master.<br>
<b>3. Look beyond the individual and find good people...</b><br>
You meet people who are hopeful, or even more than hopeful: great
movements often begin with people fighting for things that seem all
but impossible at the outset, whether an end to slavery, votes for
women or rights for LGTBQ+ people.<br>
<br>
Values and emotions are contagious, and that applies whether you’re
hanging out with the Zapatistas or the Kardashians. I have often met
people who think the time I have spent around progressive movements
was pure dutifulness or dues-paying, when in fact it was a reward in
itself – because to find idealism amid indifference and cynicism is
that good.<br>
<b>4. The future is not yet written</b><br>
People who proclaim with authority what is or is not going to happen
just bolster their own sense of self and sabotage your belief in
what is possible...<br>
The future is not yet written. We are writing it now.<br>
<b>5. Indirect consequences matter</b><br>
In September, Harvard University announced it would divest from
fossil fuel. It took organisers 10 years to make that happen. For
more than nine years you could have looked at the campaign as
unsuccessful, even though it was part of a global movement that got
trillions of dollars out of fossil-fuel investments, recast the
fossil-fuel industry as criminal and raised ethical questions for
all investors to consider...<br>
- -<br>
If you follow the ripples from Standing Rock, to a young woman’s
decision to run for Congress, and the Sunrise Movement’s espousal of
a new framework on climate action, you can see indirect change –
which demonstrates that our actions often matter, even when we don’t
achieve our primary goal immediately. And even if we do, the impact
may be far more complex than we had anticipated.<br>
<b>6. Imagination is a superpower</b><br>
There is a sad failure of imagination at the root of this crisis. An
inability to perceive both the terrible and the wonderful. An
inability to imagine how all these things are connected, how what we
burn in our powerplants and car engines pumps out carbon dioxide
that goes up into the sky...<br>
- -<br>
This is one of the remarkable things about this crisis: though the
early climate movement emphasised austerity, a lot of what we need
to give up is poison, destruction, injustice and devastation. The
world could be far richer by many measures if we do what this
catastrophe demands of us. If we don’t, catastrophes such as the
violent flooding that recently cut off Canada’s largest port and
stranded the city of Vancouver are reminders that the cost of
addressing the crisis is dwarfed by the cost of not doing so.<br>
<b>7. Check the facts (and watch out for liars)</b><br>
Thinking about the future requires imagination, but also precision.
Waves of climate lies have washed over the public for decades. The
age of climate denial is largely over, succeeded by more subtle
distortions of the facts, and by false solutions from those who seek
to benefit from stasis.<br>
<br>
Oil companies are spending a lot on advertising that features
outright lies and the hyping of minor projects or false solutions.
These lies seek to prevent what must happen, which is that carbon
must stay in the ground, and that everything from food production to
transportation must change...<br>
- -<br>
The scale of change in the past 50 years is evidence of the power of
movements. The nation I was born into 60 years ago had tiny lesbian
and gay rights movements, nothing resembling a feminist movement, a
Black-led civil rights movement whose victories mostly lay ahead,
and a small conservation movement that had not yet morphed into an
environmental movement – and few recognised the systemic
interdependences at the heart of environmentalism. A lot of
assumptions were yet to be dismantled; a lot of alternatives yet to
be born.<br>
<b>9. Remember the predecessors</b><br>
We are the first generations to face a catastrophe of the reach,
scale and duration of climate change. But we are far from the first
to live under some kind of threat, or to fear what is to come. I
often think of those who were valiant and principled in the death
camps of Nazi Germany. I think of my Latin American neighbours, some
of whom braved terrifying migrations, walking across the desert for
days to escape death squads, dictatorships and climate catastrophe.
I think of the Indigenous people of the Americas, who already lived
through the end of their worlds when their lands were stolen, their
populations decimated and colonial domination disrupted their lives
and cultures in every possible way. What it took to persevere under
those conditions is almost unimaginable, and also all around us...<br>
A report that came out this summer demonstrated how powerful and
crucial Native leadership has been for the climate movement:
“Indigenous resistance has stopped or delayed greenhouse gas
pollution equivalent to at least one-quarter of annual US and
Canadian emissions.”<br>
<b>10. Don’t neglect beauty</b><br>
Climate chaos makes us fear that we will lose what is beautiful in
this world. I want to say that in 50 years, and 100 years, the moon
will rise, and be beautiful, and shine its silvery light across the
sea, even if the coastline isn’t where it used to be. In 50 years,
the light on the mountains, and the way every raindrop on a blade of
grass refracts light will still be beautiful. Flowers will bloom and
they will be beautiful; children will be born, and they, too, will
be beautiful.<br>
<br>
Only when it is over will we truly see the ugliness of this era of
fossil fuels and rampant economic inequality. Part of what we are
fighting for is beauty, and this means giving your attention to
beauty in the present. If you forget what you’re fighting for, you
can become miserable, bitter and lost...<br>
- -<br>
I believe we now need to tell stories about how beautiful, how rich,
how harmonious the Earth we inherited was, how beautiful its
patterns were, and in some times and places still are, and how much
we can do to restore this and to protect what survives. To take that
beauty as a sacred trust, and celebrate the memory of it. Otherwise
we might forget why we are fighting.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/18/ten-ways-confront-climate-crisis-without-losing-hope-rebecca-solnit-reconstruction-after-covid">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/18/ten-ways-confront-climate-crisis-without-losing-hope-rebecca-solnit-reconstruction-after-covid</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<i>[ Places that must be protected ] </i><br>
<b>Revealed: the places humanity must not destroy to avoid climate
chaos</b><br>
Tiny proportion of world’s land surface hosts carbon-rich forests
and peatlands that would not recover before 2050 if lost<br>
Damian Carrington -- Environment editor @dpcarrington<br>
18 Nov 2021<br>
Detailed new mapping has pinpointed the carbon-rich forests and
peatlands that humanity cannot afford to destroy if climate
catastrophe is to be avoided.<br>
<br>
The vast forests and peatlands of Russia, Canada and the US are
vital, researchers found, as are tropical forests in the Amazon,
Congo and south-east Asia. Peat bogs in the UK and mangrove swamps
and eucalyptus forests in Australia are also on the list.<br>
<br>
The scientists identified 139bn tonnes (GT) of carbon in trees,
plants and soils as “irrecoverable”, meaning that natural
regeneration could not replace its loss by 2050, the date by which
the net global carbon emissions must end to avoid the worst impacts
of global heating. In the last decade alone, farming, logging and
wildfires have caused the release of at least 4GT of irrecoverable
carbon, the researchers said.<br>
Slashing fossil fuel burning is key to ending the climate crisis but
ending the razing of forests is also crucial. Major nations
including Brazil, China and the US agreed to do this by 2030 at the
Cop26 climate summit, although a similar pledge made in 2014 failed.<br>
<br>
The Earth’s irrecoverable carbon is highly concentrated, the
researchers showed. Half of it is found on just 3.3% of the world’s
land, making focused conservation projects highly effective. Only
half the irrecoverable carbon is currently in protected areas but
adding 5.4% of the world’s land to these would secure 75% of
irrecoverable carbon, they found.<br>
<br>
Indigenous peoples are the best protectors of land but only a third
of irrecoverable carbon is stored on their recognised territories.
Irrecoverable carbon stores overlap strongly with areas of rich
wildlife, so protecting them would also tackle the looming mass
extinction of wildlife.<br>
<br>
“We absolutely must protect this irrecoverable carbon to avert
climate catastrophe – we must keep it in the ground,” said Monica
Noon at Conservation International, the lead author of the study.
“These are the areas that really cannot be recovered in our
generation – it is our generation’s carbon to protect. But with
irrecoverable carbon concentrated in a relatively small area of
land, the world could protect the majority of these
climate-essential places by 2030.”<br>
<br>
Prof Pete Smith, at the University of Aberdeen in the UK, said:
“This research makes a convincing case for where, and how, to focus
efforts for the ‘30 by 30’ initiatives already in existence” to
protect 30% of land by 2030.<br>
The research, published in the journal Nature Sustainability, found
that 57% of irrecoverable carbon was in trees and plants and 43% was
in soils, especially peat. Global peatlands store more carbon than
tropical and subtropical forests, it concluded.<br>
<br>
The tropical forests and peatlands of the Amazon are the biggest
store of irrecoverable carbon. These were recently reported as
emitting more carbon than they absorb. The boreal peatlands and
forests of eastern Canada and western Siberia, and the rainforests
islands of south-east Asia, are the next largest. The temperate
rainforest of north-west North America, mangroves and tidal wetlands
around the world, and the Congo basin are also major stores.<br>
<br>
Russia hosts the biggest store of irrecoverable carbon – 23% – and
has been hit by wildfires in recent years. Brazil is second, where
Jair Bolsonaro’s government has allowed a sharp rise in
deforestation. Canada is third and the US fifth: together these
countries have 14% of the world’s irrecoverable carbon, but they
have also lost forests to wildfires, pests and logging. The wetlands
of southern Florida are another important store of irrecoverable
carbon.<br>
<br>
Australia is home to 2.5% of the world’s irrecoverable carbon, in
its coastal mangroves and seagrasses as well as forests in the
south-east and south-west, which were hit by megafires in 2019-20.
In the UK, peat bogs cover 2m hectares and have stored 230m tonnes
of irrecoverable carbon for millennia, but most are in poor
condition.<br>
The scientists calculated the amount and location of irrecoverable
carbon by first identifying at high resolution those areas where
direct human activity could damage natural ecosystems. These
included forests and peat wetlands, but excluded permafrost regions
and commercial tree plantations.<br>
<br>
Next the scientists assessed the total amount of carbon stored in
the trees, plants and soils in the included areas. Finally, they
estimated how much carbon could be recovered by natural regeneration
over 30 years if the forests or wetlands were destroyed.<br>
<br>
The difference between the total carbon and recoverable carbon gave
the amount of irrecoverable carbon. Losing this irrecoverable carbon
would blow the carbon budget needed to have a two-thirds chance of
staying under 1.5C of global heating.<br>
<br>
Peatlands and mangroves are hotspots of irrecoverable carbon, due to
their high carbon density and long recovery times of centuries or
more. Tropical forests are less dense in carbon and regrow
relatively fast, but remain critical because of the very large areas
they cover.<br>
<br>
The scientists said protecting irrecoverable carbon must involve
strengthening the rights of indigenous peoples, ending the policies
that enable destruction and expanding protected areas.<br>
<br>
Rob Field, a conservation scientist at the RSPB in the UK, said:
“Protection of irrecoverable carbon, coupled with widespread
decarbonisation of the world’s economies, will make a safe climate
more likely, at the same time as conserving important areas for
biodiversity.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/18/revealed-the-places-humanity-must-not-destroy-to-avoid-climate-chaos">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/18/revealed-the-places-humanity-must-not-destroy-to-avoid-climate-chaos</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
[The news archive - looking back]<br>
<font size="+1"><b>On this day in the history of global warming
November 20, 2005</b></font><br>
November 20, 2005: TBS airs "Earth to America," a two-hour
climate-awareness special executive-produced by Laurie David,
featuring Larry David, Bill Maher, Tom Hanks, Steve Martin and
Leonardo DiCaprio, among others.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/19/arts/television/19eart.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/19/arts/television/19eart.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0</a><br>
<br>
<p>/-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------/</p>
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