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<font size="+2"><i><b>December 2, 2022</b></i></font><br>
<br>
<i>[ this is a responsible action, nudged forward by the dismissed
lawsuit of Kivalina v. Exxon et al. ]</i><br>
<b>3 tribes dealing with the toll of climate change get $75 million
to relocate</b><br>
December 1, 2022<br>
Three Tribal communities in Alaska and Washington that have been
severely impacted by the effects of climate change on their homes
are getting $75 million from the Biden administration to help
relocate to higher ground...<br>
- -<br>
In addition to the three tribes receiving $25 million, eight
additional communities will also receive $5 million, the Interior
Department said.<br>
Those include:<br>
<blockquote>Native Village of Point Lay (in Alaska)<br>
Huslia Village (in Alaska)<br>
Native Village of Fort Yukon (in Alaska)<br>
Native Village of Nelson Lagoon (in Alaska)<br>
Havasupai Tribe (in Arizona)<br>
Yurok Tribe (in California)<br>
Chitimacha Tribe (in Louisiana)<br>
Passamaquoddy Indian Tribe (in Maine)<br>
</blockquote>
Undergoing such a transformative move upends many of these
communities' ties to tradition, Capoeman said. For example, the
Quinault have lived by the water for centuries in order to fish and
gather clams.<br>
<br>
"We've lived off the land and resources for thousands and thousands
of years. We can see the changes. These tides that are coming in are
not normal," he said. "To take ourselves away from that is not
traditional, but we have to save ourselves. We realize that it's the
key to our very own survival at this point."<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/12/01/1139949450/tribes-climate-change-relocation-department-of-interior">https://www.npr.org/2022/12/01/1139949450/tribes-climate-change-relocation-department-of-interior</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ This is ironically symbolic -- the CO2 measuring station is
overheated ]</i><br>
<b> Mauna Loa volcano eruption halts recording of key climate data</b><br>
Andrew Freedman<br>
The famous Keeling Curve may soon have a rare data gap.<br>
<br>
Driving the news: The Mauna Loa eruption on Monday cut power to the
observatory where atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are measured,
according to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.<br>
<br>
Why it matters: The Keeling Curve, which shows the buildup of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere since 1958, provides vivid evidence of the
effects of burning fossil fuels.<br>
<br>
The measurements, taken nearly continuously since 1958, show that
CO2 levels are higher now than at any time in at least 3 million
years.<br>
The big picture: Mauna Loa's spectacular eruption is forcing Ralph
Keeling, the son of Charles David Keeling, who began carbon dioxide
measurements on the peak in 1958, to find a similar location to take
CO2 readings in the meantime.<br>
<br>
Such observations would then be used as a proxy to help account for
the period of missing Mauna Loa data.<br>
The observatory, which NOAA operates, is ideal for taking CO2
readings because it stands at 11,315 feet, well above the higher,
transient pollution levels present below, and is free of vegetation.<br>
It is also remote and representative of the global atmosphere.<br>
Between the lines: In an interview, Keeling told Axios there is an
"all-hands-on-deck" effort to find a nearby, suitable location to
gather CO2 measurements.<br>
<br>
"In the long run, but I don't know how long, the station will be up
again. So the record will continue as before, and we'll have some
kind of gap where the data is slightly different or missing,"
Keeling said.<br>
Context: This is not the first time an interruption occurred, but
they have been rare. A three-month gap took place due to budget cuts
in 1964, according to Keeling, while a break (though not a gap in
the chart, which shows monthly readings) occurred during an eruption
in 1984.<br>
<br>
Keeling says this eruption's impacts may be worse than in 1964
because lava cut off road access to the summit and power. Both need
to be repaired.<br>
The observatory itself is not threatened, he said.<br>
The bottom line: While other observatories around the world will
continue to take CO2 measurements, Keeling said unique insights can
be gained from Mauna Loa's continuous record.<br>
<br>
"The ability to detect some subtle change is better if you have a
really good baseline, and Mauna Loa is our best baseline."<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.axios.com/2022/11/30/mauna-loa-volcano-eruption-keeling-curve">https://www.axios.com/2022/11/30/mauna-loa-volcano-eruption-keeling-curve</a><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ another point of view from </i><i>International Journal of
Disaster Risk Reduction</i><i> </i><i>Volume 77, July 2022 ]</i><br>
<b>#TheSmoreYouKnow and #emergencycute: A conceptual model on the
use of humor by science agencies during crisis to create
connection, empathy, and compassion</b><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102995">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102995</a> Get rights and content<br>
Under a Creative Commons license Open access<br>
<blockquote>Abstract<br>
Studies from a variety of disciplines reveal that humor can be a
useful method to reduce stress and increase compassion,
connection, and empathy between agencies and people they serve
during times of crisis. Despite this growing evidence base,
humor's use during a geohazard (earthquake, volcanoes, landslides,
and tsunami) to aid scientific agencies' crisis communication
response has been rarely studied. A broad literature review of
humor in crisis and an exploratory examination of several case
studies reveal that scientific organizations, specifically those
that respond to geohazards, can harness the power of humor to help
create connection and empathy with the publics they seek to serve.
We find evidence that supports our argument that the use of humor
acknowledges a shared human experience, reducing the barriers
between public officials, scientists, and the people most impacted
by crisis. Public statements made by scientists and public
officials during the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) response to the
Kīlauea eruption in 2018 in Hawai'i, United States, and GNS
Science/GeoNet (GeoNet) response to the M7.8 Kaikōura/North
Hurunui earthquake in 2016 in Aotearoa New Zealand, are used to
inform the development of this conceptual model. We then posit a
conceptual model which unifies concepts from the literature with
our case studies to provide potential guidelines for those crisis
communicators working for science agencies on how best to use
humor to help people cope during times of crisis. This model can
be further tested for future research to determine its
effectiveness and utility for scientific agencies responding to
geological crises.<br>
</blockquote>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092200214X">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242092200214X</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ Sage interview from the battlegrounds of information warfare
-- video 1.01 ]</i><br>
<b>Information Pollution | Dahr Jamail</b><br>
Planet: Critical<br>
214 views Nov 30, 2022<br>
Dahr Jamail is an award-winning journalist and author, who was one
of the few independent journalists to report extensively from the
ground during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Dahr later became a climate
reporter, tracking climate disruption around the world and collating
his knowledge in the wonderful book, The End of Ice.<br>
<br>
Dahr joined me to discuss what’s going wrong with journalism and how
to create a journalism which can respond to the climate crisis. We
discuss information pollution in the mainstream media, the fallacy
of objectivity, the corruption of profit-maximising goals,
self-selecting biases, and how the abject failures of the mainstream
media have disempowered, disengaged and confused populaces around
the world—making them ripe for manipulation by populists.<br>
<br>
Sorry for the quality! We had network troubles.<br>
🔴 Discover Dahr's work: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.dahrjamail.net/">https://www.dahrjamail.net/</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsdaTOBq0lw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsdaTOBq0lw</a><br>
<p>- -</p>
[ Diving deep into climate]<br>
<b>Book Launch 11 Feb 2022 Climate Psychology: A matter of Life and
Death<br>
</b>Climate Psychology Alliance<br>
Mar 7, 2022<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://youtu.be/q7Sw35G9ZS4">https://youtu.be/q7Sw35G9ZS4</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><i>[ NASA helps us understand and target problem areas ]</i><br>
<b>Methane ‘Super-Emitters’ Mapped by NASA’s New Earth Space
Mission</b><br>
Built to help scientists understand how dust affects climate, the
Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation can also pinpoint
emissions of the potent greenhouse gas.<br>
<br>
NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT)
mission is mapping the prevalence of key minerals in the planet’s
dust-producing deserts – information that will advance our
understanding of airborne dust’s effects on climate. But EMIT has
demonstrated another crucial capability: detecting the presence of
methane, a potent greenhouse gas.<br>
<br>
In the data EMIT has collected since being installed on the
International Space Station in July, the science team has
identified more than 50 “super-emitters” in Central Asia, the
Middle East, and the Southwestern United States. Super-emitters
are facilities, equipment, and other infrastructure, typically in
the fossil-fuel, waste, or agriculture sectors, that emit methane
at high rates.<br>
<br>
“Reining in methane emissions is key to limiting global warming.
This exciting new development will not only help researchers
better pinpoint where methane leaks are coming from, but also
provide insight on how they can be addressed – quickly,” said NASA
Administrator Bill Nelson. “The International Space Station and
NASA’s more than two dozen satellites and instruments in space
have long been invaluable in determining changes to the Earth’s
climate. EMIT is proving to be a critical tool in our toolbox to
measure this potent greenhouse gas – and stop it at the source.”<br>
Methane absorbs infrared light in a unique pattern – called a
spectral fingerprint – that EMIT’s imaging spectrometer can
discern with high accuracy and precision. The instrument can also
measure carbon dioxide.<br>
<br>
The new observations stem from the broad coverage of the planet
afforded by the space station’s orbit, as well as from EMIT’s
ability to scan swaths of Earth’s surface dozens of miles wide
while resolving areas as small as a soccer field.<br>
<br>
“These results are exceptional, and they demonstrate the value of
pairing global-scale perspective with the resolution required to
identify methane point sources, down to the facility scale,” said
David Thompson, EMIT’s instrument scientist and a senior research
scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern
California, which manages the mission. “It’s a unique capability
that will raise the bar on efforts to attribute methane sources
and mitigate emissions from human activities.”<br>
<br>
Relative to carbon dioxide, methane makes up a fraction of
human-caused greenhouse-gas emissions, but it’s estimated to be 80
times more effective, ton for ton, at trapping heat in the
atmosphere in the 20 years after release. Moreover, where carbon
dioxide lingers for centuries, methane persists for about a
decade, meaning that if emissions are reduced, the atmosphere will
respond in a similar timeframe, leading to slower near-term
warming...<br>
Identifying methane point sources can be a key step in the
process. With knowledge of the locations of big emitters,
operators of facilities, equipment, and infrastructure giving off
the gas can quickly act to limit emissions.<br>
<br>
EMIT’s methane observations came as scientists verified the
accuracy of the imaging spectrometer’s mineral data. Over its
mission, EMIT will collect measurements of surface minerals in
arid regions of Africa, Asia, North and South America, and
Australia. The data will help researchers better understand
airborne dust particles’ role in heating and cooling Earth’s
atmosphere and surface.<br>
<br>
“We have been eager to see how EMIT’s mineral data will improve
climate modeling,” said Kate Calvin, NASA’s chief scientist and
senior climate advisor. “This additional methane-detecting
capability offers a remarkable opportunity to measure and monitor
greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.”<br>
<b><br>
</b><b>Detecting Methane Plumes</b><br>
The mission’s study area coincides with known methane hotspots
around the world, enabling researchers to look for the gas in
those regions to test the capability of the imaging
spectrometer...<br>
“Some of the plumes EMIT detected are among the largest ever seen
– unlike anything that has ever been observed from space,” said
Andrew Thorpe, a research technologist at JPL leading the EMIT
methane effort. “What we’ve found in a just a short time already
exceeds our expectations.”<br>
<br>
For example, the instrument detected a plume about 2 miles (3.3
kilometers) long southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico, in the Permian
Basin. One of the largest oilfields in the world, the Permian
spans parts of southeastern New Mexico and western Texas.<br>
<br>
In Turkmenistan, EMIT identified 12 plumes from oil and gas
infrastructure east of the Caspian Sea port city of Hazar. Blowing
to the west, some plumes stretch more than 20 miles (32
kilometers).<br>
<br>
The team also identified a methane plume south of Tehran, Iran, at
least 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) long, from a major waste-processing
complex. Methane is a byproduct of decomposition, and landfills
can be a major source.<br>
<br>
Scientists estimate flow rates of about 40,300 pounds (18,300
kilograms) per hour at the Permian site, 111,000 pounds (50,400
kilograms) per hour in total for the Turkmenistan sources, and
18,700 pounds (8,500 kilograms) per hour at the Iran site.<br>
<br>
The Turkmenistan sources together have a similar flow rate to the
2015 Aliso Canyon gas leak, which exceeded 110,000 pounds (50,000
kilograms) per hour at times. The Los Angeles-area disaster was
among the largest methane releases in U.S. history.<br>
<br>
With wide, repeated coverage from its vantage point on the space
station, EMIT will potentially find hundreds of super-emitters –
some of them previously spotted through air-, space-, or
ground-based measurement, and others that were unknown.<br>
<br>
“As it continues to survey the planet, EMIT will observe places in
which no one thought to look for greenhouse-gas emitters before,
and it will find plumes that no one expects,” said Robert Green,
EMIT’s principal investigator at JPL.<br>
<br>
EMIT is the first of a new class of spaceborne imaging
spectrometers to study Earth. One example is Carbon Plume Mapper
(CPM), an instrument in development at JPL that’s designed to
detect methane and carbon dioxide. JPL is working with a
nonprofit, Carbon Mapper, along with other partners, to launch two
satellites equipped with CPM in late 2023.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/methane-super-emitters-mapped-by-nasa-s-new-earth-space-mission">https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/methane-super-emitters-mapped-by-nasa-s-new-earth-space-mission</a></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[The news archive - looking back]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>December 2, 1970</b></i></font> <br>
December 2, 1970: The United States Environmental Protection Agency
is established.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-history">http://www2.epa.gov/aboutepa/epa-history</a><br>
<br>
<br>
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