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<p><font size="+2"><i><b>December 3, 2022</b></i></font></p>
<i>[ We know the concept, just not the specifics ]</i><br>
<b>Climate change likely to bring more compound disasters</b><br>
Three consecutive La Nina events, or multiple droughts and heatwaves
likely to become more common.<br>
3 December 2022 / Matthew Agius<br>
- -<br>
In the future, rising ocean levels projected with increasing global
temperatures will add another amplifier.<br>
<br>
“A compound event is a natural disaster that’s caused by multiple
hazards,” Dr Nina Ridder, a climate scientist at the Centre of
Excellence for Climate Extremes (CLEX) at UNSW tells Cosmos.<br>
<br>
“We see a lot with natural disasters that are caused by different
hazards that they have a much higher impact.<br>
<br>
“Some of the biggest disasters that we’ve seen over the past few
years in Australia actually have multiple factors adding up together
to cause devastating impacts: impacts we haven’t seen on record like
the [Black Summer] bushfires and now floods in New South Wales.”...<br>
- -<br>
“If we want to change something, if we want to raise awareness, if
we want to spark a change in a system, we need to get attention
first. And I think, unfortunately, our society runs on money.”<br>
<br>
The study of compound events is a bit like being a doctor for
climate<br>
Climate experts like Ridder and her CLEX colleagues are effectively
doctors for problems with the climate.<br>
<br>
Like a GP, they assess a range of symptoms – events like floods or
fires, storm surges, rising oceans – and try to diagnose their
impacts.<br>
<br>
A paper published by Ridder this year in the journal Weather and
Climate Extremes uses specific models which perform “surprisingly
well” at predicting increases in wet and windy, and hot and dry
events in Australia...<br>
he modelling anticipates Australia will find a significant shift
towards increasing hot and dry events in future years, amplified by
growing carbon concentrations in the atmosphere. Heatwaves and
drought are expected to coincide, while northern Australia is likely
to see increased risk of wind and rainfall extremes.<br>
<br>
Ridder emphasises the predictive methods involved in climate
analysis are not infallible, but do show plausible scenarios for the
future.<br>
<br>
She’s hopeful that increasing understanding of compound events in
the scientific community will increasingly flow through to
policymakers and the public.<br>
<br>
“Starting from the impact and working our way up will be way more
useful for the community, for Australia to prepare for future
climate change,” she says.<br>
<br>
“I’m really happy that people are starting to take notice [of
compound events] and are interested in it.”<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate-change-likely-to-bring-more-compound-disasters/">https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate-change-likely-to-bring-more-compound-disasters/</a>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i>[ keep some money in the bank for a rainy day, and for a day of
combustion ] </i><br>
<b>Many states fail to adequately budget for wildfire costs, study
says</b><br>
Courtney Flatt<br>
NOV 30, 2022<br>
Many states are failing to adequately budget for wildfire costs
before, during and after fires, according to a new report from The
Pew Charitable Trusts. This lack of proper budgeting can strain
resources and pull funds away from efforts to prevent and prepare
for wildfires, according to the report.<br>
<br>
“As fires have grown, so have government spending on the costs
associated with them,” said Colin Foard, manager of the Fiscal
Federalism Initiative for The Pew Charitable Trusts, a non-profit
organization that analyzes public policy.<br>
<br>
For example, in Washington, the state averaged $24 million annually
for wildfire suppression from 2010 to 2014. That spending more than
tripled, averaging $83 million from 2015 to 2019...<br>
- -<br>
“We just have to figure out how to scale up mitigation treatments to
match the new reality,” Foard said.<br>
<br>
To do that, the report recommends lawmakers compare actual spending
on wildfire costs rather than estimating from historical records.<br>
<br>
“States are regularly forced to supplement initial appropriations
and should therefore consider adjusting how they estimate that
initial number,” Foard said.<br>
<br>
States also should invest as much funds as possible in wildfire
mitigation efforts, such as prescribed burns, forest thinning and
land-use planning, Foard said.<br>
It’s important to make sure other fire spending needs don’t pull
funds away from consistent fire mitigation spending, he said.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://kuow.org/stories/many-states-fail-to-adequately-budget-for-wildfire-costs-study-says">https://kuow.org/stories/many-states-fail-to-adequately-budget-for-wildfire-costs-study-says</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<br>
<i>[See the Pew fact sheet ]</i><br>
<b>How States Can Manage the Growing Price of Wildfires</b><br>
Key findings, recommendations from new report<br>
FACT SHEET November 30, 2022 <br>
Overview<br>
Wildfires in the United States have been getting bigger and more
frequent for decades, with a startling shift in recent years: In the
period from 2017 to 2021, the average annual acreage burned was 68%
larger than the annual average from 1983 to 2016.1 As fires have
grown, so has public spending on wildfire management: Combined
funding from the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Forest
Service, two of the federal agencies most involved in wildfires,
nearly doubled from fiscal year 2011 to 2020 (See Figure 1).2<br>
<br>
Determining who is responsible—and who will foot the bill—for
wildfire management activities is complicated. States, localities,
and the federal government, as well as nongovernmental entities, are
all involved in preparing for, fighting, and recovering from fires,
as well as reducing the risk of future ones.<br>
<br>
The Pew Charitable Trusts undertook a study to improve the available
data and understanding of the impact of wildfire spending on state
fiscal policy. The findings, along with recommendations for
policymakers, are available in the report, “Wildfires Burning
Through State Budgets.”<br>
<br>
Pew’s research shows that in recent years, states’ estimates of
wildfire costs have often proved insufficient, forcing them to cover
spending using after-the-fact budgeting tools that can obscure the
true cost of wildfires. In addition, although investment in
cost-saving mitigation activities is growing, potential resources
are still routinely diverted to fire suppression, thereby limiting
the potential benefits of mitigation to communities, the
environment, and state budgets. Based on the study’s findings, Pew
developed three recommendations:<br>
<br>
Evaluate current budgeting practices to account for growing risk. By
comparing actual spending versus expected spending, assessing the
threat of future fires, and implementing other tools, state leaders
can more accurately understand how much to budget for wildfire
management.<br>
Maximize investments in evidence-based mitigation activities.
Lawmakers should ensure that the immediate need for suppression
funding does not directly compete with mitigation investments, which
can help manage wildfire costs in the long term. Additionally,
lawmakers can help reduce barriers states face when accessing and
implementing federal mitigation funds.<br>
<br>
Explore opportunities to better track and share data on wildfire
spending. Wildfire spending data should be made more accessible,
transparent, and comprehensive across all levels of government.
Better data could help improve intergovernmental coordination and
provide policymakers with evidence they can use to more
strategically allocate resources.<br>
<p>As a critical piece of the complex intergovernmental system of
wildfire management, states have an opportunity to lead in efforts
to improve budgeting practices, manage costs through investment in
mitigation, and increase the availability of spending data.<br>
<br>
FACT SHEET November 30, 2022<br>
REPORT November 30, 2022<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2022/11/how-states-can-manage-the-growing-price--of-wildfires">https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2022/11/how-states-can-manage-the-growing-price--of-wildfires</a><br>
</p>
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<p>[ from grist -- and the pen of Claire Elise Thompson]<br>
<b>Laughter is the ultimate unifier. Can it work for climate
action?</b><br>
Research shows that humor can help get climate messaging across.
Activists and comedians alike are starting to take notice.<br>
Claire Elise Thompson<br>
- -<br>
Humor not only makes us feel good, it can help us process, relate
to, and retain information. Studies have shown that
climate-related comedy can help people feel more optimistic and
more committed to taking action. There’s even a study out there
showing that exposure to climate change memes increases people’s
intention to engage with online climate action...<br>
- -<br>
Environmentalists have long received criticism for being preachy
or taking themselves too seriously, in some cases becoming the
butt of the joke. (Al Gore being a perfect example.) And when a
joke has a butt, it can actually act as a social wedge, Yeo says,
further consolidating “in-groups” and “out-groups.” For instance,
climate communication often employs satire, but Yeo has found
“that type of humor doesn’t appear, at least from my research, to
be particularly effective in reaching groups that are outside of
the sphere.” It may feel good to people in the know, but she
believes more benign forms of humor — things like wordplay or
anthropomorphism that don’t target anyone — have the potential to
sway more people who are not yet in the climate camp.<br>
- -<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://grist.org/fix/arts-culture/humor-comedy-engages-people-climate-science/">https://grist.org/fix/arts-culture/humor-comedy-engages-people-climate-science/</a><br>
- -<br>
</p>
<i>[ Climate comic, a rare bread ]</i><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CfpZf6Qgrbo/">https://www.instagram.com/p/CfpZf6Qgrbo/</a><br>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.kashapatel.com/">https://www.kashapatel.com/</a><br>
</p>
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<p><br>
</p>
<i>[The news archive - looking back]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>December 3, 2009</b></i></font> <br>
December 3, 2009: MSNBC host Keith Olbermann calls out the hosts of
the Fox News Channel program "Fox and Friends" for selectively
editing a segment of Comedy Central's "The Daily Show" to imply that
host Jon Stewart rejected the evidence of human-caused climate
change.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/olbermann-names-fox-frien_n_380473">https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/olbermann-names-fox-frien_n_380473</a>
<br>
<br>
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