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<font size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>February 5, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"> </font> <br>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Money talking about the social cost of
carbon, 4 min audio and transcript ] </i><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b>The EPA is updating its most
important tool for cracking down on carbon emissions</b><br>
February 4, 2023<br>
Heard on Weekend Edition Saturday<br>
REBECCA HERSHER<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The EPA is updating its most powerful climate
policy tool: a single number called the social cost of carbon. The
new number is more accurate, but is also raising ethical concerns
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1152080009/1154474066">"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1152080009/1154474066"</a><br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Transcript <br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">SCOTT SIMON, HOST:</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The Environmental Protection Agency is
updating its most important tool for trying to crack down on
greenhouse gas emissions. That tool is a single number called
the social cost of carbon. NPR's Rebecca Hersher reports the new
number is simultaneously more accurate and an ethics nightmare.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">REBECCA HERSHER, BYLINE: Imagine trying to
add up all the human costs of emitting carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere - the cost of lost crops and flooded homes and lost
wages when people can't safely work outside, plus the cost of
climate-related deaths. That is basically how the EPA figures
out the social cost of carbon. And right now the official number
is $51. The EPA wants to increase that to $190. Daniel Hemel is
a law professor at New York University.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">DANIEL HEMEL: So going from $51 to $190 -
that's a move in the right direction.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: The right direction, because most
climate experts agree that the current number is too low. It
underestimates the human cost of greenhouse gas emissions. A
higher number would make it easier to do expensive things that
cut emissions. For example, replacing all of America's power
plants with renewable energy right away - that would be
expensive. If the benefits to humanity are paltry, maybe it
doesn't make sense. But if the benefits to humanity are really
big then the government should do it. At least that's the idea.
Tamma Carleton is a climate economist at the University of
California, Santa Barbara. She says the social cost of carbon is
the single most powerful climate policy tool that the federal
government has.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">TAMMA CARLETON: So we don't have other
avenues for large-scale climate policy at the federal level.
This is our main tool.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: But the new number is controversial
because of how the EPA is thinking about the lives that are lost
from climate change. Noah Kaufman is a climate economist at
Columbia University.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">NOAH KAUFMAN: The question is how to put a
value on those deaths.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: Like, a dollar value - basically,
how much is a life worth? Now, the EPA says on its website that
they are not putting a dollar amount on human life. Instead, the
agency says it, quote, "uses estimates of how much people are
willing to pay for small reductions in their risks of dying."
The EPA declined to answer NPR's questions for this story. Hemel
says, in reality, the EPA's social cost of carbon does put a
dollar amount on human lives.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HEMEL: You'll hear agencies say, we're not
valuing lives. I don't know. They kind of are. They're deciding
how much it's worth it to spend in order to save a life.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: And because climate change is
global, they're thinking about lives all around the world for
the first time. That's one reason the new social cost of carbon
number is higher. But not every death is being counted equally.
The EPA uses higher dollar amounts for deaths in higher-income
countries and lower dollar amounts for deaths in lower-income
countries. Or, as Paul Kelleher, a bioethicist at the University
of Wisconsin, puts it...</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">PAUL KELLEHER: The badness of a death from
climate change in India is treated as not as bad as exactly the
same death if it happened at exactly the same time in the United
States.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: According to the EPA's calculations,
one climate-related death in the U.S. has about as much value as
nine deaths in India, or five deaths in Ukraine, or 55 deaths in
Somalia. Vaibhav Chaturvedi is a climate economist at the
Council on Energy, Environment and Water, an influential climate
think tank in New Delhi, India.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">VAIBHAV CHATURVEDI: Anybody in the developing
world would kind of probably think in this kind of way. It is
inherently inequitable to use this sort of approach.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: Chaturvedi says the U.S. government
should put the same value on every life, morally, but also
logically, because America's greenhouse gas emissions endanger
people everywhere, and especially in low-lying and low-income
countries where people are more vulnerable to rising seas and
extreme weather. Hemel, the law professor, agrees.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HEMEL: I think we send a problematic message
to Americans when we use a method for assigning values to lives
outside the United States that ends up valuing light-skinned
people from the Global North more than dark-skinned people from
the Global South.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: And there are practical implications
as well. A recent study found that if the EPA assigned the same
value to all lives, their newly proposed social cost of carbon
would approximately double.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">CHATURVEDI: That would mean the U.S.
government will have to enhance the pace of action because now
the cost of carbon would be much higher, the social cost will be
much higher.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: And the higher the social cost of
carbon, Chaturvedi points out, the more incentive there is for
the U.S. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions quickly, which would
save more lives around the world. Kelleher is more blunt about
the implications of the EPA's choice.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">KELLEHER: Is a grave, moral mistake.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: He says it's just not true that the
lives of richer people are worth more.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">KELLEHER: It's important to get it right
because these are life and death decisions. Every molecule of
carbon dioxide matters. Every ton of carbon dioxide matters. And
so small changes in these dollar numbers - for example, the
social cost of carbon - will make a big difference to who lives,
who dies, how good their lives are, how bad their deaths are.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">HERSHER: The EPA is accepting public comments
on its proposed social costs of carbon until February 13.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Rebecca Hersher, NPR News.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/02/04/1152080009/the-epa-is-updating-its-most-important-tool-for-cracking-down-on-carbon-emission">https://www.npr.org/2023/02/04/1152080009/the-epa-is-updating-its-most-important-tool-for-cracking-down-on-carbon-emission</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri">- - <b><br>
</b></font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ tell the EPA what to do ]</i><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>EPA External Review Draft of “Report
on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating
Recent Scientific Advances”</b><br>
This is a basic page to solicit public comment on the "Report on
the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates Incorporating
Recent ...<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">(Washington, November 11, 2022) -- In the
regulatory impact analysis of EPA’s November 2022 Supplemental
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, “Standards of Performance for New,
Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and Emissions Guidelines for
Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas Sector Climate Review,” in
addition to using the current Social Cost of Greenhouse Gas
Interagency Working Group’s (IWG) recommended interim values for
the social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-GHG), EPA has included a
sensitivity analysis of the climate benefits of the proposed rule
using a new set of SC-GHG estimates. These estimates incorporate
recent research addressing recommendations of the National
Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (2017). <br>
<br>
EPA is soliciting public comment on the sensitivity analysis and
the external review draft of the accompanying technical report,
“Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Estimates
Incorporating Recent Scientific Advances,” that explains the
methodology underlying the new set of SC-GHG estimates, in the
docket for the proposed Oil and Gas rule. EPA is also conducting
an external peer review of the report.<br>
<br>
For more information, click on the topic of interest below: <br>
<br>
• Draft Report on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases<br>
• Estimation Code and Replication Files <br>
• Submitting Comment on the “Report on the Social Cost of
Greenhouse Gases”<br>
• External Peer Review of the “Report on the Social Cost of
Greenhouse Gases”<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/scghg">https://www.epa.gov/environmental-economics/scghg</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ Complicated treasure ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>As Greenland’s Ice Melts, Glacial Sand
Deposits May Offer a Welcome Economic Opportunity</b><br>
BY PRIA MAHADEVAN |JANUARY 31, 2023<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> Greenland’s ice sheet is losing 280 billion
tons of mass per year, and some models suggest that its glaciers
may be melting up to 100 times faster than expected. But flowing
off those glaciers comes a potential economic boom: sand. Each
season, millions of tons of sediment flow from melting glaciers
into the ocean, adding landmass to the largest island in the
world. According to a research paper published in Nature last
fall, three out of four Greenlanders support extracting and
exporting sand — so long as they’re the ones in charge of managing
the resource.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">“When we think about climate change adaptation,
it almost always has a negative connotation,” she said in an
interview with GlacierHub. “And this is like the opposite. This is
saying, climate change is happening — hey, this is something that
could be beneficial to us.” In the paper, she and her coauthors
refer to this as “opportunistic climate adaptation,” which they
argue “remain[s] poorly understood relative to relative to
predictors of defensive adaptation.”...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Bendixen recalled how her previous research on
the potential of sand mining often received some pushback from
environmental conservationists, governments, and media. She noted
that Arctic communities tend to be viewed by westerners as
pristine areas of the world that should be preserved with no
change to traditions or landscapes at all. But such clear support
from the communities themselves for the exploration of industrial
sand mining runs counter to that notion.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“To me, it shows that Greenlanders are saying,
‘We don’t care what the rest of the world thinks — we want to try
and look at this ourselves, and see if this is relevant.’”</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">At first glance, sand may seem like an
exceptionally ordinary material; our beaches and deserts are
covered in it. Our modern lives revolve around sand, from concrete
to computer screens to glass containers. But not all sand is
created in the same way. Sand from deserts has been weathered
primarily by wind, which grinds down the sand in multiple
directions. Bendixen compares desert sand to marbles — smooth,
rounded grains that don’t compress well for industrial use.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">But sand created by glacial deposits is
different. Unlike the desert sand, glacial sand primarily arises
from two different physical processes. The first process is the
slow movement of glaciers atop a landmass, eroding the rock
underneath it. “Just imagine a kilometers thick body of ice that
grinds through the landscape — it disrupts the surface so much,”
Bendixen said. The second process occurs as glaciers melt into
streams and rivers, whether as a result of seasonal variability or
large-scale climate change. The flow of water slowly erodes the
land underneath it — and it creates a specific kind of sand.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“In rivers, you have a variety of grain sizes
and more angularity,” Bendixen explained. “You don’t have the
scooping back and forth by the wind, you just have a
unidirectional flow.” The unidirectional flow results in angular
sand grains, which compress much better under heat and pressure.
This makes glacial sand deposits ideal for industrial consumption,
particularly for creating concrete.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Over the years, that type of angular sand has
gotten harder and harder to find. After decades of rapid
development, the world now faces a global shortage of sand due to
a combination of overexploitation and degradation. That’s where
Greenland’s sand mining operations may come in. On a warming
planet with melting glaciers, the world’s largest island is poised
to be full of that angular, high-quality sand.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Jane Lund Plesner, an exploration geologist who
co-authored the paper, offered her perspective as a native
Greenlander in an email to GlacierHub: “[S]and is a source which
is unlikely to run out, and could be a potential long-term
operation, especially with the global shortage.” Plesner, who
works for mineral company Amaroq Minerals Ltd., added that, “sand
extraction, if done responsibly, could benefit the people of
Greenland, providing jobs for locals, and help diversify the
Greenlandic economy.”</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Economic diversification has long been a goal
of Greenland’s government. The country relies heavily on fishing,
and half of Greenland’s national budget is funded by Danish block
grants. One of the ways the government has tried to move away from
this financial reliance is by investing in mining projects. In
2019, it pursued an economic assessment on mining and exporting
glacial sand. The results, published last year, conclude that
large-scale sand extraction would be economically unfavorable at
present. Since sand is heavy and costly to transport, Greenland’s
export partners would most likely be nearby countries like U.S.,
Canada, Denmark, and the UK; all of these nations have a
sufficient sand supply at present. However, Greenland’s government
still left open the possibility of pursuing sand extraction in the
future, given the uncertainty of international markets and global
sand supply.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Greenlanders are no stranger to extractive
industries, with a more than 200-year history of exporting copper,
zinc, and other precious metals like gold and platinum to
international markets. However, not all kinds of mineral
extraction have been universally welcomed by Greenlanders. One of
the biggest recent flashpoints involved pushback against the
completion of the Kvanefjeld (Kuannersuit in Greenlandic) mine in
the southern part of the country, which would have been owned by
an Australian company. The mine contains some of the world’s
largest deposits of rare earth minerals and uranium. While rare
earth minerals are a critical component of electric vehicle
batteries and solar photovoltaics, their extraction can create
negative environmental and health impacts in surrounding areas.
Persistent local opposition to the project from the nearby
Indigenous communities played a significant role in Greenland’s
parliamentary elections in 2021, resulting in success for
candidates opposed to uranium mining.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Mariane Paviasen was one of the leaders in the
opposition to the uranium mine in southern Greenland, and was
elected to Greenland’s parliament — called Inatsisartut in
Greenlandic — during that 2021 election. Importantly, Paviasen’s
strong opposition to uranium mining does not necessarily apply to
sand extraction — so long as Greenlanders themselves are in
charge. As she told Mongabay in September, “If mining companies
could do it without polluting and contaminating the area […] that
would be acceptable. But they also have to talk with nearby
inhabitants.”</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Currently, Paviasen is trying to find ways for
Greenlanders to more directly benefit from extractive industries
in general. The central legislation that governs mineral
extraction in Greenland is the Mineral Resources Act, which
Inatsisartut passed in 2010. The law gives Greenland the right to
manage all natural resources and requires both a social and
environmental impact assessment for any new extraction projects.
However, so far most of those mining permits have gone to foreign
companies, resulting in little economic benefit to locals.
Although Paviasen was not available for an interview with
GlacierHub, she shared a speech she gave to Inatsisartut last
fall.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“Since the Mineral Resources Act came into
force, many of us thought that we finally got the opportunity to
get income from something other than fish,” Paviasen said in her
speech. “The great expectations and great words have not been
fulfilled to this day. You could say that is embarrassing, because
you could say that most citizens have gained nothing but
unfulfilled hope.”</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The sentiment is not uncommon. In their survey,
Bendixen and her co-authors found that three quarters of
Greenlanders opposed an international partnership for future sand
mining; those living near former mining projects were even less
likely to support foreign involvement.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">However sand extraction may look in the future,
it is clear that the majority of Greenlanders want control over
these development decisions. Bendixen recalls her work with
Greenland high school students, who will inherit a landscape
altered by climate change regardless of what decisions are made
about sand mining. She recalled one high school student she met
who summarized the situation particularly well.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“He said, ‘Greenland has not contributed to
climate change, but we sure are experiencing it,’’ she recalled.
“If [Greenlanders] can benefit from it, then who are the rest of
the world to say that they should not?”</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/01/31/as-greenlands-ice-melts-glacial-sand-deposits-may-offer-a-welcome-economic-opportunity/">https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2023/01/31/as-greenlands-ice-melts-glacial-sand-deposits-may-offer-a-welcome-economic-opportunity/</a></font>
<p><font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ new, fresh sand everywhere after the
ice melts ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <font face="Calibri">Published: 18
August 2022<b><br>
</b><b>Opportunistic climate adaptation and public support for
sand extraction in Greenland</b><br>
Mette Bendixen, Rasmus Leander Nielsen, Jane Lund Plesner &
Kelton Minor <br>
Abstract<br>
Climate change leads to the deposition of substantial amounts of
sediment along the coasts of Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) amid
rapidly growing global demand for these resources. Yet, little is
known about what the predominantly Inuit population of Kalaallit
Nunaat thinks about adaptation opportunities arising from the melt
of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Here we conduct a nationally
representative survey (N = 939) of Kalaallit (Greenlanders’) views
on glacially derived sand extraction, finding that large
majorities support extracting and exporting sand but oppose
foreign involvement. This pattern of support persists at both the
national and subnational levels. Public preferences largely align
with Kalaallit Nunaat’s current mineral policy mandating
environmental and economic impact assessments of new resource
opportunities. In addition, those aware of human-caused climate
change have significantly higher odds of both supporting sand
extraction and prioritizing environmental impact assessment. Our
results reveal broad support for domestically involved,
environmentally assessed and economically appraised opportunistic
adaptation to Greenland’s melting ice sheet and accumulating sand
resources.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00922-8">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00922-8</a></font>
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<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Bloomberg news reports on consequences ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Burning Trees in the Amazon Melts Snow in
the Himalayas</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Scientists have found that the Earth’s largest
rainforest and its so-called third pole are connected by
atmospheric currents that carry heat and rain across the planet. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">ByLaura Millan Lombrana</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">January 26, 2023 </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Trees set ablaze in Brazil’s Amazon rainforest
could contribute to melting glaciers in the Himalayas and
Antarctica because distant ecosystems that regulate the Earth’s
climate are more closely connected than previously thought. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Scientists have discovered a new atmospheric
pathway that originates in the Amazon, runs along the South
Atlantic, then across East Africa and the Middle East until it
reaches central Asia, according to a paper published this month in
Nature Climate Change. That connection, which stretches 20,000
kilometers (12,400 miles) across the globe, means that when the
Amazon warms, so does the Tibetan Plateau, whereas the more it
rains in the Amazon, the less it rains in Tibet.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The study is among the first to investigate the
interaction between ecosystems at risk of reaching a climate
tipping point that would transform them irreversibly. More
significantly, the newly-discovered pathway suggests that the
collapse of one ecosystem could destabilize others too, leading to
a cascade of tipping events across the planet.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“Tipping cascades are a risk to be taken
seriously,” Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, a researcher at the Potsdam
Institute for Climate Impact Research and a co-author of the
report, said in a statement. “Inter-linked tipping elements in the
Earth system can trigger each other, with potentially severe
consequences.”</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Scientists are only beginning to investigate
the connections between far-flung components of the planet’s
climate system. That knowledge is essential to understanding the
full impact of global warming, which is caused by greenhouse gas
emissions and is already raising sea levels and leading to more
severe floods, drought and wildfires on every continent. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Deforestation in the Amazon, the world’s
largest rainforest and home to a quarter of land species, reached
its fastest pace in at least 15 years last year. The southeastern
part of the rainforest, which plays a vital role in absorbing
planet-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, has become a
net source of carbon emissions during the dry season, a 2021 paper
concluded. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The latest report by the UN’s Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change saw an increased probability that the
Amazon will cross a tipping point. The question now is what that
might mean for the Himalayas, one of the world’s great reserves of
fresh water, which is already seeing unprecedented glacial melt. </font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“The Amazon region is of course an important
Earth system element by itself,” said Jingfang Fan, a researcher
with the Beijing Normal University and the Potsdam Institute. But
the research “confirms that Earth system tipping elements are
indeed inter-linked even over long distances — and the Amazon is
one key example how this could play out.” </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-27/amazon-climate-disaster-could-cascade-across-earth-new-study-shows">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-27/amazon-climate-disaster-could-cascade-across-earth-new-study-shows</a></font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri">- -</font></p>
<font face="Calibri">[ in the Southern Hemisphere it is summertime ]<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>At least 23 dead as dozens of
wildfires torch forests in Chile</b><br>
By Fabian Cambero and Natalia A. Ramos Miranda<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">February 4, 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">SANTIAGO, Feb 4 (Reuters) - Dozens of wildfires
blazing though Chile caused the government to extend an emergency
order to another region on Saturday, as a scorching summer heat
wave complicates efforts to control fires that have claimed at
least 23 lives so far.<br>
<br>
More than 1,100 people have sought refuge in shelters while at
least 979 people have been reported injured by the raging fires,
according to an official briefing later on Saturday.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">he latest emergency order covers the southern
region of Araucania, next to the previously declared Biobio and
Nuble regions, located near the middle of the South American
country's long Pacific coastline.<br>
<br>
"Weather conditions have made it very difficult to put out (the
fires) that are spreading and the emergency is getting worse,"
Interior Minister Carolina Toha told reporters at a news
conference in the capital Santiago.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">"We need to reverse that curve," she added,
noting that on Friday 76 more fires had ignited.<br>
<br>
Another 16 fires sparked to life on Saturday, according to
officials, as local temperatures in the Southern Hemisphere summer
exceeded 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 Celsius).<br>
<br>
The sparsely populated three regions covered by the emergency
orders are home to many farms, including where grapes, apples and
berries are grown for export, plus extensive tracts of forest
land.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/firefighters-battle-dozens-wildfires-chile-emergency-extended-2023-02-04/">https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/firefighters-battle-dozens-wildfires-chile-emergency-extended-2023-02-04/</a><br>
</font>
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</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> <br>
<i>[ when a Republican president explained the approach to global
warming ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>February 5, 1990</b></i></font> <br>
February 5, 1990: Addressing a special IPCC gathering in
Washington, D.C., President George H. W. Bush acknowledges the
reality of human-caused climate change, but says that solutions to
the problem of a warming planet must not inhibit worldwide
economic growth.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100811144431/http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research/public_papers.php?id=1514&year=1990&month=all">http://web.archive.org/web/20100811144431/http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/research/public_papers.php?id=1514&year=1990&month=all</a>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://c-spanvideo.org/program/PresidentialAddress28">http://c-spanvideo.org/program/PresidentialAddress28</a>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://articles.latimes.com/1990-02-05/news/mn-275_1_global-warming">http://articles.latimes.com/1990-02-05/news/mn-275_1_global-warming</a>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
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