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<font size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>February 11, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"> </font> <br>
<i><font face="Calibri">[ Stock holders have great power - (where
is democracy?) The Guardian ]<br>
</font></i><b><font face="Calibri"></font></b><font face="Calibri"><b>‘Monster
profits’ for energy giants reveal a self-destructive fossil fuel
resurgence</b><br>
Oliver Milman in New York<br>
Last year’s combined $200bn profit for the ‘big five’ oil and gas
companies brings little hope of driving down emissions<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"> </font><br>
<font face="Calibri">While 2022 inflicted hardship upon many people
around the world due to soaring inflation, climate-driven
disasters and war, the year was lucrative on an unprecedented
scale for the fossil fuel industry, with the five largest western
oil and gas companies alone making a combined $200bn in profits.<br>
<br>
In a parade of annual results released over the past week the “big
five” – Exxon, Chevron, Shell, BP and TotalEnergies – all revealed
that last year was the most profitable in their respective
histories, as the rising cost of oil and gas, driven in part by
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, helped turbocharge revenues...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">“If the bulk of your investments remain tied to
fossil fuels, and you even plan to increase those investments, you
cannot maintain to be Paris-aligned, because you will not achieve
large-scale emissions reductions by 2030,” said Mark van Baal,
founder of Follow This, an activist shareholder group.<br>
<br>
“The picture is clear now, no oil major has plans to drive down
emissions this decade. Now it’s up to the shareholders. Together
with major investors, we continue to compel BP to put its full
weight behind the energy transition.”<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/09/profits-energy-fossil-fuel-resurgence-climate-crisis-shell-exxon-bp-chevron-totalenergies">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/feb/09/profits-energy-fossil-fuel-resurgence-climate-crisis-shell-exxon-bp-chevron-totalenergies</a><br>
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<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Energy rate-payers fund PR disinformation
through your utility bill - Dave Roberts podcast ]</i><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>Utilities are lobbying against the
public interest. Here's how to stop it.</b><br>
A conversation with David Pomerantz of the Energy and Policy
Institute.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">FEB 10, 2023 - 67 min audio</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">There are many features of US public life that
I believe, perhaps naively, would be the subject of a great deal
more anger were they better understood. One of those is the role
utilities play in climate policy.<br>
<br>
A rapid transition to a low-carbon energy system is necessary to
avoid the worst of climate change. Happily, that transition is
going to be an enormous net benefit to US public health and the US
economy. It's good for quality of life, economic growth,
international competitiveness, national security, and the
long-term inhabitability of the planet.<br>
<br>
But it’s not necessarily good for the companies that actually sell
energy to customers — power and gas utilities. In fact, utilities
are using every tool at their disposal to slow the energy
transition, from lobbying to PR campaigns to donations to, as the
last few years have demonstrated, outright bribery.<br>
<br>
And here's the even more galling bit: they are fighting against
the clean-energy transition using your money. They use ratepayer
money — from captive customers over whom they are granted a
monopoly — to fund their lobbying. They have effectively
conscripted their customers, who have no choice where to get their
power and gas, into an involuntary small-donor army working
against the public interest.<br>
<br>
It’s outrageous. In a new report called “Getting Politics Out of
Utility Bills,” the Energy and Policy Institute — one of the best
utility watchdogs out there — details some of this utility
corruption and offers recommendations for how to prevent it. These
are not futile recommendations to Congress, but actions that fall
within the current powers of state regulators and the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission.<br>
<br>
I have been ranting about utilities for years, and one of my most
reliable sources on the subject has always been the report’s
author, Energy and Policy Institute Executive Director David
Pomerantz, so I was eager to talk to him to air some shared
grievances, hear some enraging tales of utility shenanigans, and
discuss what can be done to rein them in...<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.volts.wtf/p/utilities-are-lobbying-against-the?utm_source=podcast-email%2Csubstack&publication_id=193024&post_id=100390640&utm_medium=email#details"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.volts.wtf/p/utilities-are-lobbying-against-the?utm_source=podcast-email%2Csubstack&publication_id=193024&post_id=100390640&utm_medium=email#details</a><br>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ transporting fossil fuel chemicals - text
and audio ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>“There Will Be More Derailments”</b><br>
Feb 10, 2023<br>
Julia Rock<br>
&<br>
Rebecca Burns<br>
Pete Buttigieg’s Transportation Department has no plans to revive
an Obama-era safety rule that could help prevent future train
accidents...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">There is at least one brake safety proposal
currently under consideration by federal rail regulators — an
industry-backed rule relaxing brake testing requirements.<br>
<br>
In 2021, in response to a petition from the Association of
American Railroads, the FRA proposed amendments to existing safety
standards that would reduce the frequency of brake testing on
freight cars equipped with an electronic inspection-tracking
system.<br>
<br>
The changes under consideration are staunchly opposed by five
major rail unions.<br>
<br>
“Following through with a final rule would only deliver yet
another financial windfall to rail carriers by eliminating
inspections, testing and repairs, and deferring routine
maintenance,” according to comments filed by the unions opposing
the rule.<br>
<br>
The FRA is continuing to review comments on the industry-backed
brake testing rule, the agency confirmed.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.levernews.com/there-will-be-more-derailments/"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.levernews.com/there-will-be-more-derailments/</a></font><br>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ pure distress from Grist -- keep the
masks handy "...the fuller catastrophe "]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>As climate change disrupts ecosystems, a new
outbreak of bird flu spreads to mammals</b><br>
“Am I concerned? Hell yes, I’m concerned.”<br>
Zoya Teirstein - Staff Writer<br>
Feb 10, 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Public health experts around the world are
sounding the alarm as cases of a virulent strain of avian
influenza called H5N1 rise in mammals. Bird flu has infected
humans in the past, mostly people who work directly with diseased
poultry, but there has never been widespread human-to-human
transmission of the virus. If there were, it could be a
catastrophe: The original H5N1 mutation had a 50 to 60 percent
mortality rate in humans...<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">That’s what appears to be happening now.
Late last year, 50,000 mink on a mink farm in Spain were killed
when lab tests showed the animals had contracted H5N1. A study
published last month said that the virus had been spreading
between the mammals, whose respiratory tracts have physiological
similarities to humans’. It’s the first time such an outbreak has
been documented. <br>
<br>
“It’s something we’ve never seen,” Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, a
professor in the department of clinical sciences at the University
of Montreal in Canada, said. “Am I concerned? Hell yes, I’m
concerned.” <br>
<br>
Recent isolated cases of H5N1 in various wild animal species are
adding to experts’ unease. The virus has cropped up in seals, sea
lions, dolphins, grizzly bears, foxes, and ferrets, many of which
probably got the virus from eating infected birds. Globally, there
have been six human H5N1 infections, including one death, in this
surge of the virus, none of which was caused by one human giving
it to another. But experts are keeping a close eye on H5N1 in case
the virus continues to adapt to the point where it can easily
infect humans and prompt person-to-person transmission. <br>
<br>
“We don’t want an avian H5N1 being adapted to mammals,” Juergen A.
Richt, director of the Center of Excellence for Emerging and
Zoonotic Animal Diseases, told Grist. “Obviously, the next level
would be humans.” <br>
<br>
The past few years have seen an uptick in the size and pace of
bird flu outbreaks. The virus has moved outside the bounds of its
typical seasons, which coincide with birds’ spring and fall
migrations. In the past year, H5N1 has been detected in the summer
months in Italy, when high temperatures should have extinguished
it, and in the depths of winter in Canada, when migrating birds
are few and far between. The factors influencing these outbreaks
are still largely unknown. The virus may be hanging out in the
environment for longer or spreading with greater frequency and
ease between birds. <br>
<br>
Vaillancourt suspects one overarching explanation. “How come this
virus is popping up in the middle of summer in the Mediterranean
Sea or when it’s minus 20 or 30 in a commercial farm in Canada?”
he asked. “There’s close to 80 countries in the world with this
problem, we’ve never seen that before. That’s why we’re seriously
looking at climate change.” <br>
<br>
Studies have found that changing weather patterns fundamentally
affect the way birds behave in ways that could influence the
spread of bird flu. Rising temperatures and the seasonal changes
they induce force birds to adjust their migratory patterns and
converge in new combinations. Rising sea levels also affect where
birds make their nests and lay their eggs, prompting species that
don’t typically interact to make contact and share disease. <br>
<br>
“In the last two to three years, we have seen a drastic change in
the pattern of circulation of H5N1 virus in wild bird population,
with massive outbreaks and a wider set of species involved,”
Marius Gilbert, a spatial epidemiologist at the National Fund for
Scientific Research in Brussels, told Grist via email. He said
scientists have been able to make links between climate change and
bird migration, but figuring out the ways in which climate change
may be influencing the spread of avian flu is a far more
complicated and difficult task. <br>
<br>
Generally, research shows that climate change threatens to
fundamentally restructure existing networks of animals, which
creates conditions for diseases to find and infect new hosts, a
process called “viral spillover.” More opportunities for disease
sharing among a wide range of species, not just birds, may lead to
more illnesses making the jump from animals into human beings, the
way COVID did in 2019. <br>
<br>
Implementing wildlife disease surveillance networks — systems
local governments can use to find and identify rogue pathogens in
the wild before they infect humans — can help keep these illnesses
at bay. When an illness such as H5N1 is detected on a farm, nearby
public health departments should be able to quickly distribute
tests to farmworkers and anyone else who comes in contact with a
sick animal, so that people with infections can isolate. Wealthy
countries like the U.S. should also be investing heavily in an
mRNA vaccine for influenza, which could be rapidly tweaked to
match H5N1 if it started to spread among humans and shared with
the rest of the globe. (The U.S. has a small stockpile of non-mRNA
H5N1 vaccines, but ramping up production would take months.) <br>
<br>
“We have many of the tools that are needed, including vaccines,”
Zeynep Tufekci, a sociologist and an opinion writer for the New
York Times, wrote in a recent column about H5N1. “What’s missing
is a sense of urgency and immediate action.”</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://grist.org/health/as-climate-change-disrupts-ecosystems-a-new-outbreak-of-bird-flu-spreads-to-mammals/"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://grist.org/health/as-climate-change-disrupts-ecosystems-a-new-outbreak-of-bird-flu-spreads-to-mammals/</a><br>
</font>
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<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Yikes! Counting more lightning strikes
in our warming future - where LCC = Long Continuing Current -
Pecos Hank says 30 pulses ]</i><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>Variation of lightning-ignited
wildfire patterns under climate change</b><br>
Francisco J. Pérez-Invernón, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vázquez, Heidi
Huntrieser & Patrick Jöckel <br>
Nature Communications volume 14, Article number: 739 (2023) Cite
this article<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">Published: 10 February 2023</font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
Abstract<br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">Lightning is the main precursor of
natural wildfires and Long-Continuing-Current (LCC) lightning
flashes are proposed to be the main igniters of
lightning-ignited wildfires (LIW). Previous studies predict a
change of the global occurrence rate and spatial pattern of
total lightning. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of
lightning-ignited wildfire occurrence to climate change is
uncertain. Here, we investigate space-based measurements of LCC
lightning associated with lightning ignitions and present LCC
lightning projections under the Representative Concentration
Pathway RCP6.0 for the 2090s by applying a recent LCC lightning
parameterization based on the updraft strength in thunderstorms.
We find a 41% global increase of the LCC lightning flash rate.
Increases are largest in South America, the western coast of
North America, Central America, Australia, Southern and Eastern
Asia, and Europe, while only regional variations are found in
northern polar forests, where fire risk can affect permafrost
soil carbon release. These results show that lightning schemes
including LCC lightning are needed to project the occurrence of
lightning-ignited wildfires under climate change.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri">Despite global differences in total lightning
projections, all the parameterizations suggest a future increase
in total lightning activity in Eastern Asia and northern boreal
forests driven by warmer air and stronger convection.
Investigating the role of climate change associated to the risk of
lightning-ignited wildfires in northern boreal forests is
essential, as wildfires in permafrost soils can contribute to a
significant release of organic carbon to the atmosphere23.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36500-5#code-availability"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36500-5#code-availability</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri">- -</font></p>
<i><font face="Calibri">[ See the works of renowned storm chaser
Pecos Hank - amazing YouTube videos ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Welcome to the Pecos Hank Channel... Nature
with a twist! </b><br>
Here you'll find the most beautiful collection of storm footage in
existence. Tornadoes, lightning, supercells and all facets of
severe thunderstorms are presented in cinematic and educational
fashion. <br>
For licensing contact <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:hankschyma@gmail.com">hankschyma@gmail.com</a><br>
<br>
Hank's footage airs worldwide and clients include BBC Earth, Nat
Geo, Disney, TWC, CNN, Discovery and many more. Look for Hank's
lightning in the major motion picture "The Last Witch Hunter" and
Netflix original "TAU" as well as BBC's "Seven Worlds." <br>
</font><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaPgSWdcYtY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaPgSWdcYtY</a><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/@PecosHank/videos">https://www.youtube.com/@PecosHank/videos</a><br>
</font>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/@PecosHank/search?query=lightning%20strikes">https://www.youtube.com/@PecosHank/search?query=lightning%20strikes</a><br>
</p>
<p><b>TOP 10 BEST LIGHTNING STRIKES </b><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaPgSWdcYtY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaPgSWdcYtY</a><br>
</p>
<p><b>STRANGE LIGHTNING STRIKES - Caught on Camera and explained </b><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO3H285CFRo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO3H285CFRo</a><br>
</p>
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<font face="Calibri"><i>[ up from, and out of desiccated soils ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <b>Dirty truth: Study suggests new
way climate change is fueling itself</b><br>
by Brooke Staggs<br>
FEBRUARY 7, 2023<br>
Healthy, undisturbed soil sinks carbon, storing what's generated
when plants and other living things decompose so it doesn't get
released as a planet-warming greenhouse gas.<br>
<br>
But a new study out of UC Riverside suggests nitrogen pollution from
cars and trucks and power plants might make soil release that carbon
in Southern California and other similarly dry places—worsening,
rather than helping to fight, climate change.<br>
<br>
Dryland ecosystems like ours cover roughly 45% of land on Earth.
They also store 33% of the carbon found in the top layer of soil
worldwide. So if nitrogen pollution is making the carbon stored in
these soils vulnerable, that definitely rings some alarm bells, said
Peter Homyak, an environmental sciences professor at UC Riverside
who co-authored the study.<br>
<br>
The findings offer new motivation, then, to speed the transition
away from fossil fuels and cut back on nitrogen-rich fertilizer if
we want to slow global warming that's already creating climate
refugees due to worsening heat waves, droughts, floods and
wildfires.<br>
<br>
"Our study highlights once again how nitrogen pollution can affect
even the non-living environment around us, beyond the
well-established detrimental effects of air pollution on us humans,"
said Johann Püspök of Austria, who started the study while he was
Homyak's student at UC Riverside. "So, getting a grip on air
pollution and fertilizer overuse is still an important task."<br>
<br>
In places that get more regular rain and snow, other studies have
shown that adding nitrogen to soil can increase carbon storage.
Nitrogen fuels plant growth, which captures carbon and draws it down
into the soil. It also helps slow decomposition of whatever is in
the soil.<br>
<br>
That's not what happened when Püspök's team analyzed
nitrogen-enriched soil across Southern California, which has some of
the worse nitrogen pollution levels in the world.<br>
<br>
They took samples from areas at Irvine Ranch National Landmark in
Orange County, Sky Oaks Field Station in San Diego County and Santa
Margarita Ecological Reserve in Riverside County that have been
fertilized with nitrogen in long-term experiments to study the
effects of such pollution...<br>
<br>
Püspök's team found that while adding nitrogen to soil in drylands
did still increase plant growth and decrease decomposition, it did
not increase the amount of carbon stored in the soils. Instead, they
found extra nitrogen caused some dryland soil to acidify, then leach
calcium as it tried to rebalance its pH levels. Since calcium binds
to carbon, the two elements left the soil together, sending
previously sequestered carbon into the atmosphere.<br>
<br>
Carbon bound to calcium and other minerals in soils has previously
been thought to be pretty stable, Homyak said. That's because the
minerals seem to help hide carbon from microbes, which otherwise
feed on decaying plant and animal matter and release that carbon in
the process. Dryland soil also has been thought to be good at
buffering itself from too much acidification. So Homyak said
learning that nitrogen could upend both of those bits of accepted
wisdom was concerning.<br>
<br>
In the San Diego study area, the report published in the journal
Global Change Biology says the team saw a 16% drop in once-stable
carbon in the soil when it absorbed nitrogen.<br>
<br>
"That means bare patches of soil with no plant cover and low
microbial activity, which I always thought of as areas where not
much is going on, appear to be affected by nitrogen pollution, too,"
Püspök said.<br>
<br>
It's a tricky balance, Homyak acknowledged, since nitrogen
fertilizers in agricultural sites do increase plant production. But
use too much, and he said that nitrogen can end up all over the
surrounding land, potentially triggering the acidification his team
saw.<br>
<br>
Even in places where fertilizer isn't being added to soil, nitrogen
is increasingly present in the atmosphere. Thanks to modern
industrial and agricultural practices and the advent of vehicles,
the study states levels of nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere have
tripled since 1850.<br>
<br>
More research is needed to see if dryland soil emits carbon the same
way when it gradually absorbs nitrogen in the atmosphere vs. when
nitrogen is added to the soils all at once through fertilizer, as
with samples the UC Riverside team tested. But Homyak said they
expect the process to be pretty similar, since atmospheric nitrogen
can build up, then get dumped in substantial amounts during the
first big rain of the season.<br>
<br>
There's no easy way to remediate soil that's acidified by nitrogen,
Homyak said. You'd need to make the soil more alkaline. But short of
having helicopters dump lime or some such substance on these lands,
he said the only thing that will help is reducing emissions in the
atmosphere and then giving the soil time to repair itself.<br>
<br>
That's a very slow process. So Homyak said there's no time like the
present to get started.<br>
<font face="Calibri">( more info ) <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/journals/global-change-biology/"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://phys.org/journals/global-change-biology/</a></font><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://phys.org/news/2023-02-dirty-truth-climate-fueling.html"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://phys.org/news/2023-02-dirty-truth-climate-fueling.html</a><br>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ Thanks Harvard Gazette - ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Exxon disputed climate findings for years.
Its scientists knew better.</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Research shows that company modeled and
predicted global warming with 'shocking skill and accuracy'
starting in the 1970s...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Alice McCarthy</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Harvard Correspondent</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">January 12, 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Projections created internally by ExxonMobil
starting in the late 1970s on the impact of fossil fuels on
climate change were very accurate, even surpassing those of some
academic and governmental scientists, according to an analysis
published Thursday in Science by a team of Harvard-led
researchers. Despite those forecasts, team leaders say, the
multinational energy giant continued to sow doubt about the
gathering crisis.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">In “Assessing ExxonMobil’s Global Warming
Projections,” researchers from Harvard and the Potsdam Institute
for Climate Impact Research show for the first time the accuracy
of previously unreported forecasts created by company scientists
from 1977 through 2003. The Harvard team discovered that Exxon
researchers created a series of remarkably reliable models and
analyses projecting global warming from carbon dioxide emissions
over the coming decades. Specifically, Exxon projected that fossil
fuel emissions would lead to 0.20 degrees Celsius of global
warming per decade, with a margin of error of 0.04 degrees — a
trend that has been proven largely accurate...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The current debate about when Exxon knew about
the impact on climate change carbon emissions began in 2015
following news reports of internal company documents describing
the multinational’s early knowledge of climate science. Exxon
disagreed with the reports, even providing a link to internal
studies and memos from their own scientists and suggesting that
interested parties should read them and make up their own minds.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">“That’s exactly what we did,” said Supran, who
is now at the University of Miami. Together, he and Oreskes spent
a year researching those documents and in 2017 published a series
of three papers analyzing Exxon’s 40-year history of climate
communications. They were able to show there was a systematic
discrepancy between what Exxon was saying internally and in
academic circles versus what they were telling the public. “That
led us to conclude that they had quantifiably misled the public,
by essentially contributing quietly to climate science and yet
loudly promoting doubt about that science,” said Supran.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/01/harvard-led-analysis-finds-exxonmobil-internal-research-accurately-predicted-climate-change/"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/01/harvard-led-analysis-finds-exxonmobil-internal-research-accurately-predicted-climate-change/</a></font><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Hubris-of-the-Month Club ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <b><font face="Calibri">Bill Gates
says flying on a private jet doesn't make him "part of the
problem" because he invests billions into fighting climate
change</font></b><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bill-gates-private-jet-doesnt-make-him-hypocrite-because-he-invests-billions-into-climate-change/"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bill-gates-private-jet-doesnt-make-him-hypocrite-because-he-invests-billions-into-climate-change/</a><br>
</font> <br>
<font face="Calibri"> <br>
<i>[The news archive - looking back at when we were less stupid ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>February 11, 2013</b></i></font> <br>
February 11, 2013: UPI reports on a Harvard University study that
indicates "extreme weather and climate change present a potential
threat to U.S. national security for which 'we are not prepared.'"<br>
</font>
<blockquote>
<p>CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Feb. 11 (UPI) -- Extreme weather and climate
change present a potential threat to U.S. national security for
which "we are not prepared," a study says.<br>
<br>
The study, prepared by Harvard University, was conducted to
explore the forces driving extreme weather events, their impacts
over the next decade and their implications for national
security planning.<br>
</p>
<p><font face="Calibri">Such events will affect water and food
availability, energy decisions, the design of critical
infrastructure and critical ecosystem resources, the report's
authors said.<br>
<br>
"Lessons from the past are no longer of great value as a guide
to the future," environment studies Professor Michael McElroy
said. "Unexpected changes in regional weather are likely to
define the new climate normal, and we are not prepared."<br>
<br>
That holds for both underdeveloped and industrialized
countries with large costs in terms of economic and human
security, the study found, and specific regional climate
impacts -- droughts and desertification in Mexico, Southwest
Asia, and the Eastern Mediterranean, and increased flooding in
South Asia -- were singled out as being of particular
strategic importance to the United States.<br>
<br>
Extreme weather require the U.S. to improve its scientific and
technical capacity to observe key indicators, monitor
unfolding events, and forewarn of impending security threats
as nations around the world adapt to a changing climate, the
report authors said.</font><br>
</p>
</blockquote>
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