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<font size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b>February 20, 2023</b></i></font><font
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<i>[ big rains change culture ]</i><br>
<b>Heavy rains leave 36 dead in Brazil, cities cancel Carnival</b><br>
Heavy rain caused flooding and landslides that have killed 36 people
in Brazil's north Sao Paulo state and the fatalities could rise<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/19-dead-amid-heavy-rains-brazil-cities-cancel-97325398">https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/19-dead-amid-heavy-rains-brazil-cities-cancel-97325398</a><br>
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<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Combine wind and solar on your roof --
Just Have a Think - video 14 mins ] </i><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b>The smartest renewable rooftop
system in the world?</b><br>
Just Have a Think<br>
28,218 views Feb 19, 2023<br>
Renewable rooftop power will play a vital role in the
decentralised community grid systems of the future. Getting every
ounce of power out of available rooftop spaces will be key to
making that transition a success. Now a Dutch firm has shown us
how it can be done, with several large successful REAL-WORLD
installations. <br>
<br>
Help support this channels independence at <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.patreon.com/justhaveathink">http://www.patreon.com/justhaveathink</a> <br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.justhaveathink.com">http://www.justhaveathink.com</a> <br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vJuKxAIMuA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vJuKxAIMuA</a><br>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ NYTimes teams with AI to give smarty pants
answers to your questions ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Have Climate Questions? Get Answers Here.</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">By The New York Times Climate Desk</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Feb. 9, 2023</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Climate change is tremendously complex — and
we’re here to help. The climate desk at The Times has been
collecting reader questions and has started answering them here.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Type your question in the search box to see if
we’ve covered it yet. If you don’t find an answer, don’t worry:
We’re following your great questions and will add more in time.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Ask your question here:</b>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/climate/climate-change-faq.html">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/climate/climate-change-faq.html</a></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Or browse the questions below:</font><br>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri"><b>The science</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How do we know climate change is really
happening?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How do we know humans are to blame for
climate change?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How will climate change affect biodiversity?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What are tipping points, and why should we
care?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Do volcanoes affect climate change?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What’s happening to the oceans?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How does ranching and animal agriculture
affect climate change?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What are climate “models” and are they any
good?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Is there a connection between climate change
and earthquakes?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What can I do?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What can the average person do about climate
change?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Are we doomed?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How should I think about my diet?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What about non-dairy milks like almond milk?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Should I have kids?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How bad is the plastic problem and what can
be done about it?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Should I bother recycling?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Does composting help?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How do I explain climate change to my kid?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What can I do about climate anxiety?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How can I identify or rebut bad information
when I see it?</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Solutions and geopolitics</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Who is most responsible for climate change?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">+What are the most critical steps to take
soon?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Can you give me some good news, please?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How did climate change become so political if
the science is clear?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What can be done about the biodiversity
crisis?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Are offsets legitimate?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How will the Inflation Reduction Act address
climate change, and how quickly?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is the Paris Agreement?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is COP?<br>
<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>Extreme weather</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Are heat waves getting worse?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Is climate change causing more droughts?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Are wildfires getting worse?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What about hurricanes?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Is flooding getting worse?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Has climate change affected rainfall?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Does climate change affect tornadoes?</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Technology</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is the climate impact of cryptocurrency
and blockchain technology?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How green are electric cars?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Which electric car is best?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What about electric-car batteries?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What are the key technologies to tackle
climate change? Are they ready?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What should I know about geoengineering?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Will nuclear fusion save us?</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Deciphering the jargon</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Are global warming and climate change the
same thing?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What are greenhouse gases?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What exactly does sustainable mean?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What does net zero mean?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is a carbon footprint?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is mitigation?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is adaptation?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">How does carbon capture work?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is carbon removal and is it effective?</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">What is carbon pricing and how does it work?</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/climate/climate-change-faq.html">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/climate/climate-change-faq.html</a><br>
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<font face="Calibri"> <i>[</i><i> PBS about triggered tipping
points -- video 12 min ]</i></font><br>
<b>Is THIS the Climate Tipping Point of No Return?</b><br>
PBS Terra<br>
Feb 14, 2023<br>
Arctic air is warming, causing scientists to worry that melting
arctic ice and snow could also lead to a sudden permafrost thaw and
release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) that forms a
climate tipping point or feedback loop. Thawing of permafrost has
been linked to releasing zombie viruses not seen in millennia and
the feedback loop mentioned in the recent IPCC report and COP27
focused on the release of CO2. This is something that US leaders
hope the 2022 climate change bill (Inflation Reduction Act) could
help avoid, but the trigger temperature may be coming sooner than
expected. <br>
<br>
In 2008, Tim Lenton published a groundbreaking paper on tipping
points. Permafrost was left off the list at the time. But since
then, additional research has shown that this truly enormous store
of carbon is far more susceptible to global warming than we just
recently believed. <br>
<br>
If the permafrost that covers much of the northern hemisphere were
to reach this tipping point, it would add many gigatons of
greenhouse gas into our atmosphere, significantly worsening climate
change, and threatening many of the other climate tipping points. <br>
<br>
This episode of Weathered explores the latest research on the
possibilities of abrupt permafrost thaw as well as the much deeper
yedoma regions that could be triggered later on. <br>
<br>
Weathered is a show hosted by weather expert Maiya May and produced
by Balance Media that helps explain the most common natural
disasters, what causes them, how they’re changing, and what we can
do to prepare.<br>
<br>
This episode of Weathered is licensed exclusively to YouTube.<br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpqZTqIKMxs">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpqZTqIKMxs</a><br>
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<br>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ Old classic essay -- 4 years ago ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Feb 5, 2019<br>
<b>Why the “Anthropocene” is not “Climate Change”</b><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">“Anthropocene” is a widely proposed name
for the geological epoch that covers human impact on our planet.
But it is not synonymous with “climate change,” nor can it covered
by “environmental problems.” Bigger and more shocking, the
Anthropocene encapsulates the evidence that human pressures became
so profound around the middle of the 20th century that we blew a
planetary gasket. Hello, new Earth System. Hello, Anthropocene.<br>
<br>
The phrase “Earth System” refers to the entirety of our planet’s
interacting physical, chemical, biological, and human processes.
Enabled by new data-collecting technologies like satellites and
ever more powerful computer modeling, Earth System science
reframes how we understand our planet. Climate is just one element
of this system; if we focus on that alone, we will misunderstand
the complexity of the danger. <b>The term “environment” helps us
understand ourselves as part of ecosystems, but fails to capture
the newness of our current situation. We have always lived in
the environment; only very recently, just as Asia began its
skyrocketing development, did we begin living in the altered
Earth System of the Anthropocene.</b><br>
<b><br>
</b><b>The Anthropocene Requires a New Way of Thinking</b><br>
The Anthropocene is a multidimensional challenge. Our future is
more unpredictable than ever, with new phenomena like Category 5
megastorms, rapid species extinction, and the loss of polar ice.
This change is irreversible. NASA says that levels of carbon
dioxide (CO2) are higher than they have been at any time in the
past 400,000 years — well before our species evolved — causing the
atmosphere to warm...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>The climate has certainly changed, but so
too have other aspects of the planetary system. Take the
lithosphere: 193,000 human-made “inorganic crystalline
compounds,” or what you and I might call “rocks,” now vastly
outnumber Earth’s ~5,000 natural minerals, while 8.3 billion
tons of plastics coat the land, water, and our internal organs.
Due to modern agribusiness techniques, so much topsoil is
washing away that England has only about 60 more harvests left.</b><br>
<br>
The biosphere is equally altered. Never has the planet been so
crowded with human beings. In 1900, there were around 1.5 billion
of us; in the 1960s, around 3 billion; today there are upwards of
7.4 billion. <b>Human beings and our domesticated animals
comprise an astounding 97% of the total zoomass of terrestrial
mammals, meaning that wild creatures make up a miserly 3%</b>.
Humans and our companion species occupy considerably more than
half of the planet’s habitable land surface. Concerning the
hydrosphere, fresh water renews itself at the rate of about 1% a
year, but currently 21 out of 37 of the world’s major aquifers are
being drawn down faster — in some cases much faster — than they
can be replenished.<br>
<br>
The planet’s chemistry has changed too. Warmer oceans interfere
with the production of oxygen by phytoplankton, and some
scientists predict that with a rise of 6 C — which could happen as
soon as 2100 — this oxygen production could cease. Our production
of fixed nitrogen is five times higher than it was 60 years ago;
in fact, Earth has never had so much fixed nitrogen in its entire
~4.5-billion-year history. Since World War II, synthetic chemical
production has increased more than thirtyfold. Of the more than
80,000 new chemicals, the United States Environmental Protection
Agency has tested only about 200 for human health risks.<br>
<br>
Alarming as each factor is on its own, the concept of the
Anthropocene brings all these factors and others together. <b>This
is the only way that we can understand Earth as a single
reverberating system with feedback loops and tipping points that
we can’t yet predict.</b><br>
<br>
The Anthropocene’s interrelated systematicity presents not a
problem, but a multidimensional predicament.<b> A problem might be
solved, often with a single technological tool produced by
experts in a single field, but a predicament presents a
challenging condition requiring resources and ideas of many
kinds. </b>We don’t solve predicaments; instead, we navigate
through them. Collaboration among scientists, policymakers, social
scientists, humanists, and community leaders is key to contending
with the Anthropocene. Technology is important, but the hardest
challenges will be about how to alter our political and economic
systems. Even the United Nations’ US$24 million Millennium
Ecosystem Assessment (2005) concluded that our current systems are
not up to the task: we need “significant changes in policies,
institutions and practices that are not currently under way.”...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>The Danger of the One-Dimensional Thinking
of Climate Change</b><br>
So, are the techno-optimists, who believe most world problems can
be solved by innovation, wrong? The answer to this question is
that they are not so much wrong as misguided, addressing a narrow
issue in the narrowest terms. Most begin by gesturing toward the
totality of environmental problems, but end by focusing on climate
change alone. Sometimes climate change is further reduced to CO2
emissions to the exclusion of all other greenhouse gases, such as
methane.<br>
<br>
A favorite example of techno-optimists like economist Jeffrey
Sachs is substituting wind power for fossil fuels. Like others, he
speaks in confident tones about “decoupling” economic growth from
natural resources, contending that “growth can continue while
pressures on key resources (water, air, land, habitats of other
species) and pollution are significantly reduced rather than
increased,” by means of new technologies and market pricing. In
short, we can provide for the growing human population (expected
to hit 8 billion in 2023) without destroying the ecosystem,
without impoverishing future generations, and without bothering to
transform our political and economic systems. The status quo is
fine if we tighten a few nuts and bolts. Let us look at this
techno-optimism from the Anthropocene perspective.<br>
<br>
<b>Most industrial-scale wind turbines require rare earth metals</b>
sourced from China, which supplies about 90% of the world’s demand
and has a monopoly on some elements. Not only are the mines of
China’s primary production site, the southeastern province of
Jiangxi, being rapidly depleted, but such mining entails shocking
environmental and social costs. According to investigative
journalist Liu Hongqiao, <b>“Research has found that producing
one ton of rare earth ore (in terms of rare earth oxides)
produces 200 cubic meters of acidic wastewater. The production
of the rare earths needed to meet China’s demand for wind
turbines up to 2050 … will result in the release of 80 million
cubic meters of wastewater.” </b>Once obtained, this ore must
be transported and processed to make turbines. These turbines,
once positioned, require maintenance, using more resources.
Ultimately, though, they will end up as refuse, more trash on our
trash-filled planet. <b>There is nothing dematerialized or
carbon-free about wind turbines if we look at the total picture.</b><br>
<br>
<b>Reducing our problem to climate change, then to CO2, and
finally to measuring emissions only at the point of energy
production is a dramatic misrepresentation of our dilemma. An
Anthropocene perspective is needed to keep the totality of the
predicament in view.</b><br>
<br>
<b>Slowing climate change is crucial but navigating its challenges
is only possible if it is understood as one facet of planetary
overshoot. The challenges of our altered, unpredictable Earth
System cannot be met by technological tinkering within the very
systems that pushed it over the edge in the first place. </b>There’s
nothing for it but to roll up our sleeves and begin the hard work
of transforming our political and economic systems with the aims
of decency and resilience.</font><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://medium.com/local-futures-economics-of-happiness/why-the-anthropocene-is-not-climate-change-ad78e6a61718">https://medium.com/local-futures-economics-of-happiness/why-the-anthropocene-is-not-climate-change-ad78e6a61718</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[The news archive - looking back at when
we started to learn of the seriousness ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>February 20, 2013</b></i></font> <br>
February 20, 2013: <br>
<br>
In his first major policy speech as Secretary of State, John Kerry
directly addresses the risks of climate change.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqJt_WSGoVI">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqJt_WSGoVI</a><br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/02/21/1620201/speech-kerry-climate-hawk-courage-reject-dirty-keystone-xl-pipeline/">http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/02/21/1620201/speech-kerry-climate-hawk-courage-reject-dirty-keystone-xl-pipeline/</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri">======================================= <br>
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summaries<span class="moz-txt-tag"> deliver global warming
news - a few are email delivered*</span></b> <br>
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We deliver climate news to your inbox like nobody else. Every
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</font> <font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
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--------------------------------------- <br>
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