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<font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>April</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b> 20, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"> </font> <br>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ nice explanations PBS video ] </i><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b>Why Is The U.S. Warming Faster Than
Average?</b><br>
PBS Terra<br>
Apr 19, 2023<br>
Check out Weathering the Future by NOVA PBS: <br>
-
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2udBaZJ22I&list=PLzkQfVIJun2J5q9CIXPAlL95FSb0tJul7&index=4&t=0s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2udBaZJ22I&list=PLzkQfVIJun2J5q9CIXPAlL95FSb0tJul7&index=4&t=0s</a><br>
<br>
We’ve all heard that we should keep global climate change under 2
degrees of warming, but did you know that there are many places
around the globe that have already surpassed that? Some places
around the globe are experiencing extreme warming, while other
places have actually seen some cooling. So what’s with all the
variation?<br>
<br>
In this episode of Weathered, we’ll talk with a couple climate
scientists from NOAA to dive deep into the numbers, and we’ll call
up a resident of the fastest warming county in the U.S. to see
what it's like. <br>
<br>
Weathered is a show hosted by weather expert Maiya May and
produced by Balance Media that helps explain the most common
natural disasters, what causes them, how they’re changing, and
what we can do to prepare.<br>
<br>
This episode of Weathered is licensed exclusively to YouTube.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHGt9l6U5fM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHGt9l6U5fM</a><br>
</font>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ Reuters report ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Facing brutal climate math, US bets billions
on direct air capture</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">By Susanna Twidale, Valerie Volcovici, Simon
Jessop and Peter Henderson</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">April 18 (Reuters) - The world is failing to
cut carbon emissions fast enough to avoid disastrous climate
change, a dawning truth that is giving life to a technology that
for years has been marginal – pulling carbon dioxide from the air.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Leading the charge, the U.S. government has
offered $3.5 billion in grants to build the factories that will
capture and permanently store the gas - the largest such effort
globally to help halt climate change through Direct Air Capture
(DAC) and expanded a tax credit to $180/tonne to bolster the
burgeoning technology...</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The sums involved dwarf funding available in
other regions, such as Britain which has pledged up to 100 million
pounds ($124 million) for DAC research and development. That
compares with $12 billion in federal spending to drive demand for
personal and commercial electric vehicles, Boston Consulting Group
estimated.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">While bids for the U.S. DAC hub funding were
due on March 13, the government and some companies have yet to
fully disclose details about the applications, many of which
Reuters is reporting for the first time. The Energy Department
expects to announce winning bids this summer.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Worsening climate change and inadequate efforts
to cut emissions have thrust the issue known as carbon removal to
the top of the agenda, and U.N. scientists now estimate billions
of tonnes of carbon will need to be sucked out of the atmosphere
annually to reach a goal of capping global warming at 1.5 degrees
Celsius.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The biggest plant to-date is capturing only
4,000 tonnes a year and costs are high, the talent pool is
fledgling and corporate buyers for the credits largely remain on
the sidelines. The role of oil companies in the space has also
raised eyebrows and developers must muster support for hubs from
communities that have often been damaged by big energy projects.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Plus, the CO2 must be stored permanently.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The U.S. government has said it wants to back
four hubs, and interviews with more than 20 state, federal,
company and investor sources show at least nine applications have
been filed in a first round, with two major Occidental Petroleum
(OXY.N) projects also seen as strong contenders...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/facing-brutal-climate-math-us-bets-billions-direct-air-capture-2023-04-18/">https://www.reuters.com/world/us/facing-brutal-climate-math-us-bets-billions-direct-air-capture-2023-04-18/</a></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font><br>
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<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
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<p><font face="Calibri"><i>[ Opinion - guest essay NYTimes ---- a
nation complains, what about the individual? ]</i><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>My Continent Is Not Your Giant
Climate Laboratory</b><br>
April 18, 2023, <br>
</font><font face="Calibri">By Chukwumerije Okereke<br>
Dr. Okereke is director of the Center for Climate Change and
Development at Alex Ekwueme Federal University in Nigeria.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">Several environmentalists last year
presented Africa’s leading climate negotiators with a bold idea:
A technology called solar geoengineering could protect their
countries from the worst effects of climate change, they said.
While insisting they were impartial, representatives from the
Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative said that these
technologies, which claim to be able to re-engineer the climate
itself, either by dimming the sun’s rays or reflecting sunlight
away from the earth, could quickly and cheaply turn the tide of
dangerously rising temperatures — and that poor countries might
have the most to gain...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Other proposed techniques include covering
deserts with plastic; genetically engineering plants to have
brighter, more reflective leaves; creating or making clouds
whiter; and deploying millions of mirrors in space. The point of
all of them is to counter warming by reducing the amount of
sunlight reaching the planet and reflecting it back to the
stratosphere.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">As a climate expert, I consider these
environmental manipulation techniques extremely risky. And as an
African climate expert, I strongly object to the idea that
Africa should be turned into a testing ground for their use.
Even if solar geoengineering can help deflect heat and improve
weather conditions on the ground — a prospect that is unproven
on any relevant scale — it’s not a long-term solution to climate
change. It sends a message to the world that we can carry on
over-consuming and polluting because we will be able to engineer
our way out of the problem.<br>
<br>
The solar engineering technology attracting the most attention
would use balloons or aircraft to spray large quantities of
aerosols — tiny particles of, for example, sulfur dioxide or
engineered nanoparticles — into the stratosphere to dim the
sunlight. It’s called solar radiation management and it’s highly
speculative.Without using the whole earth as a laboratory, it’s
impossible to know whether it would dim anything, let alone how
it would affect ecosystems, people and the global climate...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">Africa is already suffering the
effects of climate change, such as drought, floods and erratic
weather. And while geoengineering advocates see these
technologies as a solution to such problems, the technologies
run the danger of upsetting local and regional weather patterns
— intensifying drought or flooding, for example, or disrupting
monsoon cycles. And the long-term impact on regional climate and
seasons is still largely unknown. Millions, perhaps billions, of
people’s livelihoods could be undermined.<br>
<br>
These technologies would also theoretically need to be deployed
essentially forever to keep warming at bay. Stopping would
unleash the suppressed warming of the carbon dioxide still
accumulating in the atmosphere in a temperature spike known as
“termination shock.” One study found that the temperature change
after ending solar radiation management could be up to four
times as large as what’s being caused by climate change itself.<br>
<br>
The other risk is that geoengineering will divert attention and
investments from building renewable energy and other climate
solutions in Africa. The continent has received only 2 percent
of global investments in renewable energy in the last two
decades, and the lack of access to capital is perhaps the
biggest obstacle for countries that would like to cut down on
fossil fuels.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">But should we even be studying
geoengineering at all? More than 400 senior climate scientists
and scholars from around the world have called for an
International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering. If it
goes before the United Nations, it could result in a ban on
real-world research on this technology.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">A striking example of rogue solar
geoengineering is the case of the American start-up Make
Sunsets, which recently launched balloons from Mexico to inject
sulfur into the atmosphere with the claim this would offset
carbon emissions. Data on the balloons’ final location, what
happened with the released particles and any impact on warming
were never made public.<br>
<br>
The Mexican government was unaware of the exercise until after
the fact, at which point officials swiftly announced a ban on
solar geoengineering activities. The decision to test the
technology without permission or notice was reckless, and the
decision to do it in Latin America echoed some of the worst
aspects of colonialism.<br>
<br>
African nations should strongly resist letting their territories
be used for experimental exercises like this. And they must join
efforts to strengthen the de facto moratorium (under the United
Nations Convention on Biological Diversity) on the development
and deployment of these technologies. The technologies are
potentially dangerous, and a major distraction from the real
change that we all know wealthier nations need to make if we
have a hope of outrunning climate devastation.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/opinion/geoengineering-climate-change-technology-africa.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/18/opinion/geoengineering-climate-change-technology-africa.html</a></font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
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<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ superb documentary 2:51.11 - suitable for
young scientists of any age ]</i><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>How Does Weather Actually Work? |
Richard Hammond's Wild Weather Compilation | Earth Stories</b><br>
Earth Stories - Climate Disaster Documentaries<br>
Mar 18, 2023 #richardhammond #weather #temperature<br>
Weather is one of the most astonishing forces on earth. With
devastating power and spectacular beauty, no matter where on this
planet you live. But for most of us, how it actually works is a
mystery. To really understand the science behind weather, Richard
Hammond takes on some ambitious and brave experiments to show us
weather like we’ve never seen before. <br>
Starting with how wind actually originates, Hammond visits one of
the windiest places on the planet, Mount Washington, New
Hampshire. He walks into the centre of a man-made tornado and
creates a 10-metre high whirlwind - made of fire! He then
investigates the crucial role of water and tries to weigh a cloud,
finds out how rain could crush a car and gets involved in starting
an avalanche before finally finishing with the crucial role
temperature plays in the role of weather and natural disasters
alike. <br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">Wind: 00:00-56:53</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Water: 56:54- 1:43:44</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Temperature: 1:43:45-2:51:11</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri">Subscribe to Earth Stories to watch more
documentaries: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://bit.ly/3iUO7th">http://bit.ly/3iUO7th</a><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWe_aTPbRwE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWe_aTPbRwE</a><br>
</font>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ from Yale Climate Connections - book
review " No Miracles Needed" ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>In ‘No Miracles Needed,’ the technical
solutions to climate change are clear. The political ones? Not
so much.</b><br>
In his new book, Mark Jacobson tackles the problems of climate
change, air pollution, and energy security head-on, offering a
hopeful vision of a future powered by renewable energy sources.<br>
by DONALD WRIGHT<br>
APRIL 18, 2023<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Mark Jacobson is a rock star in climate
science, policy, and politics. After all, not every professor of
civil and environmental engineering has nearly 40,000 followers on
Twitter, and not every professor of engineering knows Leonardo
DiCaprio, or can call him Leo...<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">It was with much anticipation, then, that I
read No Miracles Needed. The title alone is worth the price of
admission. We don’t need a miracle, because the solutions to
climate change, air pollution, and energy security already exist.
According to Jacobson, 100% renewable energy is not the stuff of
wishful thinking. It’s already here, because wind, water, and
solar – or WWS for short – have the potential to revolutionize the
world’s energy, transportation, and industrial sectors...<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/04/in-no-miracles-needed-the-technical-solutions-to-climate-change-are-clear-the-political-ones-not-so-much/">https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/04/in-no-miracles-needed-the-technical-solutions-to-climate-change-are-clear-the-political-ones-not-so-much/</a></font>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ looking back at tiny moments of
exhilarating progress ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>April 20, 2007</b></i></font> <br>
April 20, 2007: The Washington Post reports:<br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri"> "A third of Americans say global
warming ranks as the world's single largest environmental
problem, double the number who gave it top ranking last year, a
nationwide poll shows.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> "In the new poll, conducted jointly by The
Washington Post, ABC News and Stanford University, most of those
surveyed said that climate change is real and that they want the
federal government to do more about it. But the survey also
shows there is little public agreement about the policies the
United States should adopt to address it. </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> "The findings come weeks after the Supreme
Court ruled that the federal government has the right to
regulate carbon dioxide, the largest contributor to human-caused
warming. Congress is pressing to enact limits on all
greenhouse-gas emissions linked to climate change, but it
remains unclear how soon the House or the Senate could pass such
legislation."</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/19/AR2007041902527_pf.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/19/AR2007041902527_pf.html</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
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