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<font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>May</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b> 16, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font><br>
<i>[ NYTimes presents an interactive report on heat. ]</i><br>
<b>Extreme Heat Will Change Us</b><br>
Half the world could soon face dangerous heat. We measured the daily
toll it is already taking.<br>
[ Open sun 131°F Shade 114°F ]<br>
<b>When it’s this hot, laborers start work in the middle of the
night.</b><br>
The heat of the day can give you a fever.<br>
Even play is impossible when a merry-go-round can sear the skin.<br>
We visited two cities already transformed by climate change — Kuwait
City and Basra, Iraq — to document what billions may experience as
human emissions warm the planet.<br>
- -<br>
ON A TREELESS STREET under a blazing sun, Abbas Abdul Karim, a
welder with 25 years experience, labors over a metal bench.<br>
<br>
Everyone who lives in Basra, Iraq, reckons with intense heat, but
for Abbas it is unrelenting. He must do his work during daylight
hours to see the iron he deftly bends into swirls for stair railings
or welds into door frames.<br>
<br>
The heat is so grueling that he never gets used to it. “I feel it
burning into my eyes,” he says.<br>
<br>
Working outside in southern Iraq’s scalding summer temperatures
isn’t just arduous. It can cause long-term damage to the body.<br>
<br>
We know the risk for Abbas, because we measured it.<br>
Feels like125°F<br>
Saw blade 190°F<br>
Bench top 164°F<br>
<br>
By late morning, the air around Abbas reached a heat index of 125°F
SHOW CELSIUS, a measure of heat and humidity. That created a high
risk for heat stroke — especially with his heavy clothing and the
direct sun.<br>
- -<br>
<b>II. ADAPTATION</b><b> </b><b>How Heat Distorts Daily Life</b><br>
Across Basra and the wider Gulf region, people’s lives have been
reshaped by the extreme heat.<br>
<br>
Even if they can adapt their schedule, as Kadhim has, and start
their job in the middle of the night, it is still so hot that
exhaustion truncates the workday, reducing productivity and chipping
away at earnings.<br>
<br>
At a society-wide level, it means every project takes longer to get
done.<br>
<br>
And it makes doing anything else — from working a second job to
going to school — doubly difficult...<br>
<b>III. INEQUALITY </b><b>Money Can’t Save You</b><br>
- - <br>
Estimates long into the future are inexact, but scientists agree
that the situation will worsen — and could be catastrophic if
emissions aren’t reined in. In that scenario, Miami, for instance,
could experience dangerous heat for nearly half the year...<br>
- -<br>
While Kuwaitis with the means can insulate themselves from the heat,
their lifestyle depends on a caste system of sorts.<br>
<br>
The bulk of the work needed to keep society running is done by
low-paid foreign laborers from India, Bangladesh, Egypt and
elsewhere. These include gardeners, herders, plumbers, construction
workers, airport baggage handlers, air-conditioner repairmen,
paramedics, ice cream vendors and trash collectors...<br>
- -<br>
<b>IV. THE FUTURE </b><b>Can This Place Still Be a Home?</b><br>
- -<br>
“It was a joy to see the street full of tamarisk trees and flowers,”
Kadhim said. “Whenever you see green, you feel at peace.”<br>
<br>
Now, most of those are gone too.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/18/world/middleeast/extreme-heat.html?unlocked_article_code=A95aWc2HAPyTL6RZT4XBUQqo3S1j3DtNdQiI77k0uvYRU2tFoIpflKmFnpdoPHiIN1IU1Pz-XzWHaDUrjwYtF2Bvzda0yIP_EplXU5IOffnSQr3qRFhQOPq0yodJ7RANVrQiYFYwU7QeCGnnUGBDv6nl1_Nj0Rkfoo0dCGjxAiTaTKH5YfQYODzIb-fn66K2qrmrhxjSQLrZ7zWbnHYmAyelBZogd4yHWqQDTfso2w9wGmQhf52J7WNvGGNw0Is3RVsk1duyKp4iAx6ybb4d0ecdXbkqcyNt8YBjeVETVcQitaLWgGT1sTUYEJrx580UVlzmJ40kOzrSSTLPAi5FBT3UMDQur69yf9ulGGhubQ&smid=url-share">https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/18/world/middleeast/extreme-heat.html?unlocked_article_code=A95aWc2HAPyTL6RZT4XBUQqo3S1j3DtNdQiI77k0uvYRU2tFoIpflKmFnpdoPHiIN1IU1Pz-XzWHaDUrjwYtF2Bvzda0yIP_EplXU5IOffnSQr3qRFhQOPq0yodJ7RANVrQiYFYwU7QeCGnnUGBDv6nl1_Nj0Rkfoo0dCGjxAiTaTKH5YfQYODzIb-fn66K2qrmrhxjSQLrZ7zWbnHYmAyelBZogd4yHWqQDTfso2w9wGmQhf52J7WNvGGNw0Is3RVsk1duyKp4iAx6ybb4d0ecdXbkqcyNt8YBjeVETVcQitaLWgGT1sTUYEJrx580UVlzmJ40kOzrSSTLPAi5FBT3UMDQur69yf9ulGGhubQ&smid=url-share</a><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<i><font face="Calibri">[ Greenwashing is a type of deception ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>How corporations use greenwashing to
convince you they are battling climate change</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">May 15, 2023 <br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>What is greenwashing?</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Thomas Lyon: Greenwashing is any communication
that leads the listener to adopt an overly favorable impression of
a company’s greenness.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>How can the consumer avoid falling for it?</b></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Thomas Lyon: I still love the old concept of
the seven sins of greenwashing. The first and most common is
what’s called the sin of the hidden trade-off, where an
organization tells you something good they do but neglects to tell
you the bad things that go along with it.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">For example, when you see an electric hand
dryer in a public restroom, it may say on it: This dryer protects
the environment. It saves trees from being used for paper.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">But it neglects to tell you that, of course,
it’s powered with electricity, and that electricity may have been
generated from coal-fired power, which might actually be more
damaging than using a tree, which is a renewable resource. That’s
the most common of the seven deadly sins.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Other ones include the sin of irrelevance. For
example, telling people that “this ship has an onboard wastewater
recycling plant,” when all ships that go to Alaska are required by
law to have exactly that kind of equipment. It’s no reflection of
the company’s quality.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The sin of fibbing is actually the least
common. Companies don’t usually actually lie about things. After
all, it’s against the law.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">One of the increasingly common forms of
greenwashing … is a hidden trade-off between the company’s market
activities and its political activities.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">You may get a company that says: Look at this,
we invested US$5 million in renewable energy last year. They may
not tell you that they spent $100 billion drilling for oil in a
sensitive location. And they may not tell you that they spent $50
million lobbying against climate legislation that would have made
a real difference.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>What are carbon credits (or offsets)?</b></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Thomas Lyon: I think the easiest way to
understand these may be to step back a little bit and think about
cap-and-trade systems … under which the government will set a cap
on the aggregate amount of, say, carbon emissions. And within
that, each company gets a right to emit a certain amount of
carbon.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">But that company can then trade permits with
other companies. Suppose the company finds it’s going to be really
expensive for it to reduce its carbon emissions. But there’s some
other company next door that could do it really cheaply.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The company with the expensive reductions could
pay the other company to do the reductions for it, and it then
buys one of the permits – or more than one permit – from the
company that can do it cheaply.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">That kind of trading system has been
recommended by economists for decades, because it lowers the
overall cost of achieving a given level of emissions reduction.
And that’s a clean, well-enforced, reliable system.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Now the place where things get confusing for
people is that a lot of times the offsets are not coming from
within a cap-and-trade system. Instead they’re coming from a
voluntary offset that’s offered by some free-standing producer
that’s not included in a cap.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Now it’s necessary to ask a whole series of
additional questions. Perhaps the foremost among them is: Is this
offset actually producing a reduction that was not going to happen
anyway?</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">It may be that the company claims, “Oh, we’re
saving this forest from being cut down.” But maybe the forest was
in a protected region in a country where there was no chance it
was going to be cut down anyway. So that offset is not what is
called in the offset world “additional.”</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>What should consumers make of companies that
offer programs such as planting a tree for every widget they
sell?</b></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Thomas Lyon: Overall, it’s better that they’re
trying to do something than just ignoring the issue. But this is
where you, the consumer, have to start doing your homework … and
look for a provider that has a strong reputation and that is
making claims validated by external sources.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Which rating schemes can people trust?</b></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Thomas Lyon: There’s a cool little app that I
like a lot. You can download it. It’s called EWG Healthy Living.
EWG stands for Environmental Working Group. It’s a group of
scientists who get together and draw on science to assess which
products are environmentally friendly, and which ones aren’t. And
they have something like 150,000 products in their database.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">You can scan the UPC code when you go to the
store, and you just immediately get this information up on your
phone that rates the quality of the company’s environmental claims
and performance. That’s a really nice little way to verify things
on the fly.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Are there any examples of business practices
that really do benefit the environment?</b></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Thomas Lyon: Building is one big area. LEED
building standards or Energy Star building standards reduce
environmental impact. They improve the quality of the indoor
environment for employees. They actually produce higher rents
because people are more willing to work in these kinds of
buildings.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">You can look at the whole movement toward
renewable energy and companies that produce solar or wind energy.
They’re doing something that really is good for the environment.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The move toward electric vehicles – that really
will be good for the environment. It does raise trade-offs. There
are going to be issues around certain critical mineral inputs into
producing batteries, and we’ve got to figure out good ways to
reuse batteries and then dispose of them at the end of their life.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Watch the full interview to hear more -
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.sciline.org/tech/corporate-sustainability/">https://www.sciline.org/tech/corporate-sustainability/</a></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://theconversation.com/how-corporations-use-greenwashing-to-convince-you-they-are-battling-climate-change-204660">https://theconversation.com/how-corporations-use-greenwashing-to-convince-you-they-are-battling-climate-change-204660</a></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"></font>
<p><font face="Calibri">- -</font></p>
<font face="Calibri">[ EWG Healthy Living ]<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>Have you ever paused to think about
the chemicals and contaminants you are exposed to inside your
home?</b><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>Articles</b><br>
EWG keeps you up to date with latest on household chemicals and
contaminants.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.ewg.org/healthyhomeguide/">https://www.ewg.org/healthyhomeguide/</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <font face="Calibri"><i>[ Hot
waters pushed our way ] </i><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b>International Sea Level Satellite
Spots Early Signs of El Niño</b><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">May 12, 2023</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The most recent sea level data from the
U.S.-European satellite Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich indicates
early signs of a developing El Niño across the equatorial Pacific
Ocean. The data shows Kelvin waves – which are roughly 2 to 4
inches (5 to 10 centimeters) high at the ocean surface and
hundreds of miles wide – moving from west to east along the
equator toward the west coast of South America.<br>
<br>
When they form at the equator, Kelvin waves bring warm water,
which is associated with higher sea levels, from the western
Pacific to the eastern Pacific. A series of Kelvin waves starting
in spring is a well-known precursor to an El Niño, a periodic
climate phenomenon that can affect weather patterns around the
world. It is characterized by higher sea levels and
warmer-than-average ocean temperatures along the western coasts of
the Americas.<br>
<br>
Water expands as it warms, so sea levels tend to be higher in
places with warmer water. El Niño is also associated with a
weakening of the trade winds. The condition can bring cooler,
wetter conditions to the U.S. Southwest and drought to countries
in the western Pacific, such as Indonesia and Australia.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">- -<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">Both the U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the World Meteorological
Organization have recently reported increased chances that El Niño
will develop by the end of the summer. Continued monitoring of
ocean conditions in the Pacific by instruments and satellites such
as Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich should help to clarify in the
coming months how strong it could become.<br>
<br>
“When we measure sea level from space using satellite altimeters,
we know not only the shape and height of water, but also its
movement, like Kelvin and other waves,” said Nadya Vinogradova
Shiffer, NASA program scientist and manager for Sentinel-6 Michael
Freilich in Washington. “Ocean waves slosh heat around the planet,
bringing heat and moisture to our coasts and changing our
weather.”<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3268/international-sea-level-satellite-spots-early-signs-of-el-nino/"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://climate.nasa.gov/news/3268/international-sea-level-satellite-spots-early-signs-of-el-nino/</a></font><br>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<i><font face="Calibri">[ A totally new factor - may be significant
]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Gigantic ice deserts full of black algae are
making the ice melt faster</b><br>
The ice is melting 20% faster, according to the estimates of the
researchers.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Glaciers contain a large reservoir of
microbial life. And these microbial communities in glacial
environments can survive on top of the ice, beneath its surface,
or in between. Glaciers are an ecosystem on their own. When they
melt, their inhabitants also change.<br>
<br>
A group of researchers from the Department of Environmental
Science at Aarhus University in Denmark have discovered that these
glaciers are teeming with life. The team assessed the activity and
diversity of microbes living on glacial surfaces in Iceland and
Greenland.<br>
<br>
There are several thousand different species of microorganisms
living under environmental extremes. The study reports that one
strategy that enables microbial life to exist and persist in
environmental extremes is dormancy, which despite being prevalent
among microbial communities in natural settings, has not been
directly measured and quantified in glacier surface ecosystems. <br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">“A small puddle of melt-water on a glacier can
easily have 4,000 different species living in it. They live on
bacteria, algae, viruses and microscopic fungi. It’s a whole
ecosystem that we never knew existed until recently," said
Professor Alexandre Anesio, lead author of the study.<br>
<br>
<b>Black algae</b><br>
The vast sheet of ice the team was investigating was covered by
black algae formation, which fascinated the team. “When the ice
darkens, it becomes more difficult to reflect sunlight. Instead,
heat from the sun's rays is absorbed by the ice, which starts to
melt. The more the ice melts, the warmer the temperature on Earth.
The algae therefore play an important role in global warming,"
added Anesio in the press release...</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Published in GeoBiology
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gbi.12535">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gbi.12535</a><br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Study abstract:</b><br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri">Glacier and ice sheet surfaces host
diverse communities of microorganisms whose activity (or
inactivity) influences biogeochemical cycles and ice melting.
Supraglacial microbes endure various environmental extremes
including resource scarcity, frequent temperature fluctuations
above and below the freezing point of water, and high UV
irradiance during summer followed by months of total darkness
during winter. One strategy that enables microbial life to
persist through environmental extremes is dormancy, which
despite being prevalent among microbial communities in natural
settings, has not been directly measured and quantified in
glacier surface ecosystems. Here, we use a combination of
metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic analyses, as well as
cell-specific activity (BONCAT) incubations to assess the
diversity and activity of microbial communities from glacial
surfaces in Iceland and Greenland. We also present a new
ecological model for glacier microorganisms and simulate
physiological state-changes in the glacial microbial community
under idealized (i) freezing, (ii) thawing, and (iii)
freeze–thaw conditions. We show that a high proportion (>50%)
of bacterial cells are translationally active in-situ on snow
and ice surfaces, with Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, and
Planctomycetota dominating the total and active community
compositions, and that glacier microorganisms, even when frozen,
could resume translational activity within 24 h after thawing.
Our data suggest that glacial microorganisms respond rapidly to
dynamic and changing conditions typical of their natural
environment. We deduce that the biology and biogeochemistry of
glacier surfaces are shaped by processes occurring over short
(i.e., daily) timescales, and thus are susceptible to change
following the expected alterations to the melt-regime of
glaciers driven by climate change. A better understanding of the
activity of microorganisms on glacier surfaces is critical in
addressing the growing concern of climate change in Polar
regions, as well as for their use as analogues to life in
potentially habitable icy worlds.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://interestingengineering.com/science/gigantic-ice-full-of-black-algae-melting-faster">https://interestingengineering.com/science/gigantic-ice-full-of-black-algae-melting-faster</a></font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><br>
<i>[The news archive - looking back at Republican craziness ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>May 16, 2014</b></i></font> <br>
May 16, 2014: <br>
New York Times columnist Paul Krugman observes: <br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri"> "There are, obviously, some
fundamental factors underlying G.O.P. climate skepticism: The
influence of powerful vested interests (including, though by no
means limited to, the Koch brothers), plus the party’s hostility
to any argument for government intervention. But there is
clearly also some kind of cumulative process at work. As the
evidence for a changing climate keeps accumulating, the
Republican Party’s commitment to denial just gets stronger.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> "Think of it this way: Once upon a time it
was possible to take climate change seriously while remaining a
Republican in good standing. Today, listening to climate
scientists gets you excommunicated — hence Mr. Rubio’s
statement, which was effectively a partisan pledge of
allegiance.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> "And truly crazy positions are becoming the
norm. A decade ago, only the G.O.P.’s extremist fringe asserted
that global warming was a hoax concocted by a vast global
conspiracy of scientists (although even then that fringe
included some powerful politicians). Today, such conspiracy
theorizing is mainstream within the party, and rapidly becoming
mandatory; witch hunts against scientists reporting evidence of
warming have become standard operating procedure, and skepticism
about climate science is turning into hostility toward science
in general.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> "It’s hard to see what could reverse this
growing hostility to inconvenient science. As I said, the
process of intellectual devolution seems to have reached a point
of no return. And that scares me more than the news about that
ice sheet."</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"> <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/opinion/krugman-points-of-no-return.html"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/opinion/krugman-points-of-no-return.html</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
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