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<p><font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>July</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b> 21, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Yale measures ethics to address global
warming predicament ]</i></font><br>
Jul 20, 2023<br>
<b>Messages about harms of fossil fuels increase support for
renewables, with or without a moral emphasis</b><br>
By Abel Gustafson, Matthew Goldberg, Sanguk Lee, Miriam Remshard,
Andrew Luttrell, Seth Rosenthal and Anthony Leiserowitz<br>
We are pleased to share the findings of a new study, conducted in
collaboration with the Center for Public Engagement with Science at
the University of Cincinnati. This study examines the persuasive
effects of moral appeals on public support for the transition from
fossil fuels to clean, renewable energy.<br>
<br>
The global transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources
(such as solar and wind) will be greatly affected by social factors
such as public opinion, consumer demand, and political support.
Political polarization over renewable energy has increased in the
U.S. over the past five years. This divisive political climate
underscores the importance of finding ways to communicate about
renewable energy across different segments of the public. <br>
<p>One approach is appealing to people’s moral foundations. Some
research has argued that morality is a primary source of people’s
opinions on a wide variety of issues. Prior studies have found
that moral appeals can be persuasive for diverse people –
particularly when they highlight moral principles held by the
audience. For example, a message might be more persuasive if it
argues that we should transition to renewable energy because
fossil fuels are unethical due to pollution harming innocent
people (violating a common moral principle) and to fewer people if
it argues that we should make this transition because of climate
change. Similarly, a message could argue that fossil fuels are
unethical because the pollution contaminates the cleanliness of
the natural environment – activating another key “moral
foundation” of purity.</p>
<p><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/moral_msg_fig1.png">https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/moral_msg_fig1.png</a></p>
Here, we report findings from a recent experiment testing whether
persuasive effects are enhanced by explicitly emphasizing the moral
and ethical aspects of different energy sources. Although all
information about the harms of fossil fuels and benefits of
renewable energy could be interpreted as having some degree of moral
implications, it is important for communicators to know if it is
beneficial to explicitly make a strong moral claim as a reason to
transition away from fossil fuels. Therefore, our study tested the
effect of explicitly calling out those ethical implications,
compared to only describing the negative impacts of fossil fuel use
without an explicit statement about morals and ethics.<br>
<br>
Overall, we found that explicitly emphasizing the moral aspects of
the issue did not provide a boost in either persuasiveness or
message durability. Put simply, we found that the messages
describing the negative effects of fossil fuels and advantages of
clean energy already had strong and durable effects and nothing was
gained by adding an explicit claim about ethics. While this is only
one study, the findings suggest that direct statements about the
morality or immorality of different energy sources do not
necessarily enhance the persuasiveness of messages. <br>
<br>
In our study, research participants were randomly assigned to watch
one of five animated videos. Two non-moralized videos explained how
fossil fuels can harm human health and the environment,
respectively. Two “moralized” videos contained the same information
but also included additional arguments about why this means using
fossil fuels is inherently immoral, because doing so harms innocent
people or contaminates the purity of nature, respectively. The image
below provides an example. The fifth video, which provided
information about an unrelated topic, provided the control
(baseline) condition.<br>
We found that all four messages were effective at changing beliefs
about renewable energy and support for an energy transition.
However, adding the specific moral claims (“this is unethical”) did
not increase the persuasiveness of the message. Instead, all
messages were similarly effective.<br>
<br>
<b>Persuasive Effects Over Time</b><br>
In addition to investigating the immediate persuasive effects of the
video messages, we also tested how long the persuasive effects
lasted. Most studies on persuasion only measure immediate effects –
that is, how attitudes and opinions are affected right after
persuasive messages are presented. But it is critical to also
understand how durable these changes are. Persuasion that quickly
fades away might not be practically useful, especially when the
desired outcomes are longer-term, such as changing daily habits or
voting in a future election.<br>
<br>
Accordingly, we measured participants’ opinions at three different
times: immediately after seeing the message, about 10 days later,
and then finally after another 10 days. This allows us to measure
how much the initial changes in opinions persisted (or decayed) over
time. Our findings (visualized in the figure below) showed that all
four messages – whether moralized or not – had durable persuasive
effects on people’s support for a transition to renewable energy.
Across the four different messages, between 32% and 48% of the
original treatment effect was still present after three weeks.
However, we found no evidence of an added boost in durability from
the explicit moralization of the message. Instead, there was
similarly strong durability across all versions of the message.<br>
We are currently preparing the full paper for submission to a
scholarly journal. <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/moral-messages-increase-support-for-renewable-energy/">https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/moral-messages-increase-support-for-renewable-energy/</a><br>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ German news organization discussion video
26 min ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Record heat, drought and extreme weather:
Can we still adapt? | To the Point</b><br>
DW News<br>
</font><font face="Calibri">Jul 20, 2023 #climatechange
#extremeweather #heatwaves<br>
Extreme weather conditions and no end in sight. More and more
parts of the world are reporting new heat records. Temperatures
sometimes reach life-threatening levels.<br>
Like in the US or in China’s northwest. This comes as forest fires
burn thousands and thousands of urgently needed trees. Torrential
rains cause floods in one part of the world while others are
seeing droughts.<br>
The fact is: weather extremes are on the rise. Yet the earth has
only heated up by an average of 1.1 degrees.<br>
If the goal of limiting warming to a maximum of 1.5 degrees were
to be reached, the effects would probably be even worse.<br>
So on To the Point, we ask: Record heat, drought, and extreme
weather: Can we still adapt?<br>
Our guests: Claudia Kemfert (DIW); Mekonnen Mesghena (Heinrich
Böll-Stiftung); Matthew Karnitschnig (Politico<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JgYnAke2ug">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JgYnAke2ug</a><br>
</font>
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<i><font face="Calibri">[ Ice that is one mile thick is melting.
Existing Greenland studies now restudied Troubling conclusions
- video ]</font></i><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri"><b>New Research
on a Greenland Meltdown 400,000 Years Ago Has Big Implications
for Climate Policy</b><br>
Andrew Revkin<br>
Jul 20, 2023<br>
Longtime climate-focused journalist Andy Revkin discusses a new
study of Greenland's past ice and climate changes with two
authors, Paul Bierman of the University of Vermont and Tammy
Rittenour of Utah State University.<br>
This paper is available this link:
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade4248">www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade4248</a><br>
Read more at Sustain What: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://revkin.substack.com">https://revkin.substack.com</a><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGzTI6ExMxg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGzTI6ExMxg</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri">- -</font></p>
<font face="Calibri">[ from the Journal Science ]<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>Deglaciation of northwestern
Greenland during Marine Isotope Stage 11</b><br>
ANDREW J. CHRIST, TAMMY M. RITTENOUR, PAUL R. BIERMAN, BENJAMIN A.
KEISLING. KNUTZ, TONNY B. THOMSEN, NYNKE KEULEN. FOSDICK, SIDNEY
R. HEMMING, AND ELIZABETH K. THOMAS
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6489-7123+11">HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-6489-7123+11</a> authors Authors Info
& Affiliations<br>
SCIENCE<br>
20 Jul 2023<br>
Vol 381, Issue 6655<br>
pp. 330-335<br>
DOI: 10.1126/science.ade4248<br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri"><b>Editor’s summary</b></font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Measurements made on subglacial sediment from
the Camp Century ice core in northwestern Greenland show that
the location was ice free during the interglacial that occurred
around 400,000 years ago. Christ et al. used luminescence dating
and cosmogenic nuclide data to show that the sediment was
deposited under ice-free conditions after having been exposed at
the surface to sunlight fewer than 16,000 years earlier. The
absence of ice at that location means that the Greenland Ice
Sheet must have contributed more than 1.4 meters of sea-level
equivalent to the high sea-level stand, when the average global
air temperature was similar to what we will soon experience
because of human-caused climate warming. —H. Jesse Smith</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Abstract</b><br>
Past interglacial climates with smaller ice sheets offer analogs
for ice sheet response to future warming and contributions to sea
level rise; however, well-dated geologic records from formerly
ice-free areas are rare. Here we report that subglacial sediment
from the Camp Century ice core preserves direct evidence that
northwestern Greenland was ice free during the Marine Isotope
Stage (MIS) 11 interglacial. Luminescence dating shows that
sediment just beneath the ice sheet was deposited by flowing water
in an ice-free environment 416 ± 38 thousand years ago. Provenance
analyses and cosmogenic nuclide data and calculations suggest the
sediment was reworked from local materials and exposed at the
surface <16 thousand years before deposition. Ice sheet
modeling indicates that ice-free conditions at Camp Century
require at least 1.4 meters of sea level equivalent contribution
from the Greenland Ice Sheet.<br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade4248">www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade4248</a><br>
</font>
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<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[The news archive - looking back at
disinformation battles]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>July 21, 2008 </b></i></font> <br>
July 21, 2008: The UK Office of Communication criticizes Britain's
Channel 4 for running the 2007 denialism doc "The Great Global
Warming Swindle." Below, Peter Sinclair of ClimateCrocks.com
debunks the doc.<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/science/earth/22clim.html?_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/22/science/earth/22clim.html?_r=0</a><br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/boj9ccV9htk">http://youtu.be/boj9ccV9htk</a><br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://youtu.be/8nrvrkVBt24">http://youtu.be/8nrvrkVBt24</a><br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
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