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<font size="+2"><font face="Calibri"><i><b>July</b></i></font></font><font
size="+2" face="Calibri"><i><b> 28, 2023</b></i></font><font
face="Calibri"><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"> </font> <br>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Time magazine online article - link for
charts and graphs </i></font><font face="Calibri"><i><font
face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://time.com/6298730/climate-change-dreams/">https://time.com/6298730/climate-change-dreams/</a></font>
] </i><br>
</font> <font face="Calibri"><b>Climate Change is Changing How We
Dream</b><br>
</font><font face="Calibri">BY KYLA MANDEL<br>
JULY 27, 2023<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Martha Crawford started having climate change
dreams about 11 or 12 years ago. Unlike many of her previously
remembered dreams, these were not fragmented or nonsensical—they
were “very explicit,” she recalls. “They didn’t require a lot of
interpretation.” In one, she’s reading a textbook about climate
change and then throws it behind the back of her couch, pretending
it doesn’t exist. In another, she’s sitting in a lecture given by
a climate scientist. But the professor starts yelling at her for
not paying attention, and she fails the course. The meaning was
pretty clear, says Crawford, a licensed clinical social worker:
“You’re not paying attention, and you need to pay attention.”<br>
<br>
The dreams eventually inspired her to start the Climate Dreams
Project in 2019, and since, she’s been facilitating a space where
people can share climate dream anecdotes, mostly anonymously.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">One dream submitted to the collection was of
people digging holes in the desert so that the rising seas would
have somewhere to go. In another contribution, a Flood Football
game was underway, and in the second half, players were floating
on inner-tubes. Another person, who shared four climate dreams,
recounted one in which billions of people were funneling into a
giant room that looked like a video-game sports arena, but large
enough to hold the world’s population. “At the end of the dream,
the entire face of the earth was different,” they wrote. “It was
completely icy and the only habitable part was a giant plateau
with a city on it.”<br>
<br>
It would seem that climate change has woven itself into the
“fabric of dreaming” as Crawford puts it.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Studying dreams can be slippery. We don’t
always remember them, and interpreting them is highly subjective.
But, according to a survey of 1,009 people conducted by The Harris
Poll in June on behalf of TIME, over a third of people in the U.S.
have dreamed about climate change at least once in their lives.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">The imagery and sensations evoked by these
dreams vary widely, according to the survey. Most people’s climate
dreams involve extreme weather or natural disasters; fewer are
about mosquitoes and locusts or political leaders and laws. The
most common emotions reported are fear and stress, except among
Millennials who seem to have more hopeful dreams. The prevalence
of climate dreams decreases with age: 56% of people between 18 and
34 years old said they had at least one climate dream in their
life compared to 14% of people over the age of 55. Men appear to
be dreaming more about climate change than women. And people of
color are dreaming about it far more than white people. Together,
the data give us a new perspective on how the country may be
feeling about climate change.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>How Different Generations Dream</b><br>
Every now and then, society collectively experiences the same
moment to such an acute degree that it changes our dreams. The
pandemic certainly did this, as have world wars and 9/11. The
question is whether enough people are feeling climate change
acutely enough that it is systemically infiltrating our dreams at
a population-level. The Harris Poll survey, coupled with
Crawford’s dream project, suggests that in the U.S., it may be
starting to.<br>
<br>
Climate change is now part of the zeitgeist, says Alan Eiser, a
psychologist and a clinical lecturer at the University of Michigan
Medical School in Ann Arbor. “It’s part of what we’re living in
and through, so it must impact dreams.” But determining exactly
how, he continues, “well, that’s complicated.”<br>
<br>
The majority (57%) of Gen Z and Millennials have dreamed about
climate change, according to the survey. That’s compared to 35% of
Gen Xers and just 14% of Boomers. One way this split can be
interpreted is that, from school lessons to real world events,
climate change has been pervasive throughout younger people’s
lives in a way it hasn’t been for older generations—and it will
continue to define their future.<br>
<br>
For many people, particularly Gen Zers and Boomers, climate change
makes for bad dreams: 44% of Gen Z respondents said their dreams
evoked negative emotions (rather than positive or neutral); 41% of
Boomers said the same. That’s compared to 24% of Millennials, and
34% of Gen Xers. For both of those generations, positive emotions
were far more common; 41% of Gen X respondents, for example, had
good climate dreams compared to 35% of Gen Zers and 20% of
Boomers.<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">But no one is having more positive climate
dreams than Millennials. In this group, 54% of respondents
indicated their dreams had positive emotions. Intriguingly, over a
third of Millennials said their dreams involved science—at a rate
at least 10 percentage points higher than other generations.<br>
<br>
Climate dreams may actually help people feel motivated to protect
the world around them, adds Crawford. “Our dreams often show us
that we're embedded in an ongoing relationship with our habitat.
Now, many of these dreams can strengthen people and help them find
hope.”<br>
<br>
In one dream submitted to Crawford’s collection, for example, the
entrant recounts being asked to give a speech on behalf of a
climate scientist: “The auditorium is filled with pictures of
different mushrooms and these are important to the scientist’s
work. I am asking the audience to reflect on their sense of
belonging in the natural world, and their level of grief. There is
a theory underlying the lecture about how these two experiences
entwine, but it is overall very positive—there is a sense of
active hope pulsing through the words and the crowd.”<br>
<br>
How Other Demographics Influence Climate Dreams<br>
Other demographic factors such as sex, race, political
affiliation, and where you live, also had some influence on
whether and how someone dreams about climate change—to a degree.</font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri">Unsurprisingly, living in the Western United
States—where drought, heat, and wildfires are all worsening due
to rising global temperatures—can affect someone’s climate
dreams. There, 44% of respondents said they’d had a climate
dream compared to a third of people across the South, Northeast,
and Midwest. And half of people out west—and the same number in
the Midwest—had dreams filled with extreme weather compared to
37% in the South and 46% in the Northeast.</font></p>
<font face="Calibri">Catastrophes like tornadoes or tsunamis are a
common theme in all dreams, not just climate-related ones. “Our
emotional lives often present like weather,” says Crawford; we use
phrases like “I’m flooded,” or “I’m heated.” So it’s common for
that symbolism to crop up when we’re sleeping. But now, such
imagery is more often literally about climate change.<br>
<br>
“I am visiting a friend who has been ill with covid. Despite her
long recovery she still has multiple loaves of fresh baked
zucchini bread for her guests,” recounts one contributor to
Crawford’s dream project. “We wander out to see the zucchini
growing and her garden is exquisite and abundant, with flowering
bushes towering over my head. We collect flowers for wreaths,
everyone is wearing flowers. I begin to wonder how they have the
water to maintain this garden. I think I have not seen flowers in
such abundance that we can wear them in ages, and I compare it to
my own parched land. I am not sure if I should be happy for my
friend—this generous, giving person—that she has water, or angry
that she is using so much when I cannot.”<br>
<br>
Be it drought or heat waves, hurricanes or flooding, people of
color are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate
change. And that awareness seems to be reflected in the survey
results. Half of all people of color who were surveyed said they
had dreamed about climate change at least once in their lives,
compared to just 28% of white people.</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Meanwhile, people who self-identified as
Conservatives dreamed far less (24%) than those who said they were
Liberal (48%). And of those who did have climate dreams, positive
dreams were far more likely among Conservatives (60%) than
Liberals (45%). This seems to reflect the current national divide
when it comes to views on how urgent of a threat climate change
is. According to an April survey by Pew, significantly more
Democrats, or Democrat-leaning, individuals (78%) view climate
change as a major threat to the country’s well-being compared to
just a quarter of Republicans.<br>
<br>
The Harris Poll survey also showed that 43% of men had dreamed
about climate change while just 29% of women had. More men (50%)
had positive dreams compared to women (34%). And regardless of
whether the dreams were positive or negative, more women (39%)
reported dreams about family than men (29%).<br>
<br>
That resonates with Rebecca Weston, co-president of the Climate
Psychology Alliance North America. As a licensed clinical social
worker, Weston often listens to people’s dreams. Dreams are a
“kind of a repository and a filter of the feelings and thoughts
and images that we're still trying to process in our life,” she
says.<br>
<br>
Personally, she says, “my dreams are often that I cannot save my
children,” from a looming threat created by some sort of extreme
weather event. “It taps into my sense of futility and helplessness
in the face of something so large. And it’s much more often about
my feeling of helplessness, and I visualize less what happens to
my kids.”<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>How To Interpret Your Climate Dreams</b><br>
Studying dreams helps people better understand how the world
affects them emotionally. This is particularly true for things
outside of an individual’s control, like the impacts of climate
change. Part of navigating the climate crisis through dreams, says
Crawford, is being “able to come to terms with the aspects of
living, the world, and our habitable environment that we do not
have control over.”<br>
<br>
There are a few questions Weston says she’d ask to help someone
interpret their climate dreams: What is your relationship to the
land, and the place that’s being affected in the dream? What
feelings of home does it stir up? Or what about feelings of loss
or connection? Who else is in the dream, and what is your
relationship to them? What type of relationship is it, one of
power, stability, or perhaps insecurity? “I would ask about those
things and then talk to them about how that manifests in their
world, in their lives,” she explains. Maybe it’s part of your
subconscious self “saying this is what we need to develop in your
waking life, more connection, more access to nature … connection
to other people who are engaging in these issues.”<br>
<br>
There could be lessons beyond the individual too. Maybe dreams can
teach us something about how to deal with climate change, says
Tore Nielsen, director of the Dreams and Nightmares Laboratory and
psychiatry professor at the University of Montreal.<br>
<br>
Dreams have, after all, inspired innovations ranging from the
sewing machine to the Periodic Table. When it comes to climate
change, maybe logical thinking hasn’t been working so well, says
Nielsen. Maybe “we need more approaches, like a dream-oriented
approach.”<br>
<br>
“Imagine you send out a call for dreamers to dream up solutions to
climate change. You’d get probably 10s of 1,000s if not hundreds
of 1,000s of replies. A lot of them, obviously [won’t be] very
useful,” he suggests. “How many good ideas would it take?”<br>
<br>
A dream shared in Crawford’s collection offers one vision of the
future. “I was part of a group of nomads consisting of about 20
people,” the person begins. “We would camp in one place for a
while then leave before the stormy season.” To survive they
planted many, many crops to ensure enough food survived the harsh
weather.<br>
<br>
“We traveled light, living in teepees mainly. Some of them were
insulated and had air conditioning units. We had solar panels for
electricity, but mostly used it for lighting and communications.
We used large trucks for long-distance journeys and horses for
local travel. The most valuable skills were agriculture,
mechanics, and electronics. There was no money, and no taxes. Life
was simple but we were free.”<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://time.com/6298730/climate-change-dreams/">https://time.com/6298730/climate-change-dreams/</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Pondering the far future, Forbes magazine
- text or audio ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><b>Modern ‘Sixth Mass Extinction’ Event Will Be
Worse Than First Predicted: Report</b><br>
GrrlScientist<br>
Senior Contributor<br>
Evolutionary & behavioural ecologist, ornithologist &
science writer</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">The report argues that nearly half of the
planet’s animal species are now in decline, but unlike past mass
extinctions, this one has been entirely caused by humans</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Tragically, the global mass extinction event
that we find ourselves in the midst of will be even worse than
originally predicted, according to a recent study (ref). The
international team of scientists came to their conclusion after
analyzing population trends data for more than 71,000 animal
species — including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and
insects — from around the world to see how their numbers have
changed since record-keeping first began.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Generally, scientists agree that an extinction
event is occurring when species vanish much faster than they are
replaced. A mass extinction event is usually defined as losing 75%
of the world’s species in a short period of geological time — less
than 2.8 million years, according to the Natural History Museum
(here).<br>
<br>
Previous research has established that the current rates of
extinction are between 1000-10,000 times higher than “background”
extinction rates, which has led some scientists to argue that life
on Earth has entered its sixth mass extinction event. But
uniquely, when compared to the planet’s previous five mass
extinction events, this is the first mass extinction event that is
the result of the actions of just one species — humans.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Globally, many species are declining as the
result of a variety of destructive human activities, particularly
habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation, the widespread use of
pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals, overexploitation and
hunting, and the effects of invasive species, aggravated by
runaway climate change.</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">Gauging a species’ conservation status has
traditionally been based on assessments issued by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Of the
population numbers and extinction risks for more than 150,300
species evaluated by the IUCN, 28% are considered to be facing the
threat of extinction, and approximately 1% have been declared
extinct. However, the study authors noted that extinctions are
preceded by progressive population declines through time that
leave demographic “footprints” warning of impending extinctions —
and this downward population trajectory is what the researchers
analyzed.<br>
</font><br>
<br>
<font face="Calibri">According to the team’s analysis, 49% of these
species populations are stable, but 48% have shrinking
populations, whilst only 3% have populations that are increasing
(Figure 1). They also found evidence that 33% of species currently
classified as “least concern” (not threatened) on the IUCN’s Red
List are actually trending toward extinction.<br>
<br>
Additionally, the researchers found that some taxonomic classes of
animals are experiencing greater threats to their continued
existence than others. For example, the team found that amphibians
are experiencing the greatest population drops of any animal
classes. Geography is also important. Declines are steeper amongst
animals living in the tropics compared to temperate region
species, probably because tropical species tend to be more
sensitive to change.<br>
<br>
“Collectively, our findings reinforce the warning that
biodiversity is on the brink of an extinction crisis,” the authors
point out in their study, noting that this extinction event will
be far more serious than prior research has suggested,
particularly as entire ecosystems unravel and collapse.<br>
<br>
“This crisis will have extensive ecological and ecosystemic
consequences, given that ecological functioning is severely
impacted by population declines and the resulting changes in
community compositions.”<br>
<br>
Further, the study authors found that relying solely on the IUCN’s
Red List “runs a risk of downplaying the severity of biodiversity
loss”, especially after they found that some 33% of the species
classified as not threatened actually have declining populations,
too. For example, just 13% of bird species are considered
“threatened” by the IUCN but the study authors found that 53% have
declining populations.<br>
<br>
Despite this, the IUCN classifications are still “an excellent
resource” for conservation scientists, although this study’s
methodology provides additional information regarding impending
biodiversity loss. Combining the IUCN data with the findings in
this study provides a reasonably precise picture about what is
happening and why.<br>
<br>
The reason for this impending massive biodiversity loss is
obvious. It cannot be denied that human activities are the sole
cause of this extinction event, which is driven by our
unsustainable use of land, water and energy, which also are
driving runaway climate change. Currently, 40% of all land on
Earth has been altered specifically for food production to support
the growing human population. Agriculture alone is responsible for
90% of global deforestation and 70% of the planet’s freshwater
consumption, thereby pushing species that inhabit those habitats
towards extinction.<br>
<br>
“To make matters worse, unsustainable food production and
consumption are significant contributors to greenhouse gas
emissions that are causing atmospheric temperatures to rise,
wreaking havoc across the globe,” the authors write (ref). “The
climate crisis is causing everything from severe droughts to more
frequent and intense storms. It also exacerbates the challenges
associated with food production that stress species, while
creating conditions that make their habitats inhospitable.
Increased droughts and floods have made it more difficult to
maintain crops and produce sufficient food in some regions. The
intertwined relationships among the food system, climate change,
and biodiversity loss are placing immense pressure on our planet.”<br>
</font><br>
<font face="Calibri">Source:<br>
Catherine Finn, Florencia Grattarola, and Daniel Pincheira-Donoso
(2023). Review: More losers than winners: investigating
Anthropocene defaunation through the diversity of population
trends, Biological Reviews | doi:10.1111/brv.12974<br>
<br>
GrrlScientist<br>
Although I look like a parrot in my profile picture, I'm an
evolutionary ecologist and ornithologist as well as a science
writer and journalist. I'm very active on twitter @GrrlScientist,
I curate my writing on Medium, and lurk on most social media
sites. I share links to all my recent writing via TinyLetter.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/grrlscientist/2023/07/19/modern-sixth-mass-extinction-event-will-be-worse-than-first-predicted/?sh=25f16e04ab65">https://www.forbes.com/sites/grrlscientist/2023/07/19/modern-sixth-mass-extinction-event-will-be-worse-than-first-predicted/?sh=25f16e04ab65</a><br>
</font><br>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font></p>
<font face="Calibri"><i>[ Academic paper ]</i><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><b>More losers than winners:
investigating Anthropocene defaunation through the diversity of
population trends</b><br>
Catherine Finn, Florencia Grattarola, Daniel Pincheira-Donoso<br>
First published: 15 May 2023 <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12974">https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12974</a><br>
</font>
<blockquote><font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri">ABSTRACT</font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> The global-scale decline of animal
biodiversity (‘defaunation’) represents one of the most alarming
consequences of human impacts on the planet. The quantification
of this extinction crisis has traditionally relied on the use of
IUCN Red List conservation categories assigned to each assessed
species. This approach reveals that a quarter of the world's
animal species are currently threatened with extinction, and ~1%
have been declared extinct. However, extinctions are preceded by
progressive population declines through time that leave
demographic ‘footprints’ that can alert us about the
trajectories of species towards extinction. Therefore, an
exclusive focus on IUCN conservation categories, without
consideration of dynamic population trends, may underestimate
the true extent of the processes of ongoing extinctions across
nature. In fact, emerging evidence (e.g. the Living Planet
Report), reveals a widespread tendency for sustained demographic
declines (an average 69% decline in population abundances) of
species globally. Yet, animal species are not only declining.
Many species worldwide exhibit stable populations, while others
are even thriving. Here, using population trend data for
>71,000 animal species spanning all five groups of
vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes)
and insects, we provide a comprehensive global-scale assessment
of the diversity of population trends across species undergoing
not only declines, but also population stability and increases.
We show a widespread global erosion of species, with 48%
undergoing declines, while 49% and 3% of species currently
remain stable or are increasing, respectively. Geographically,
we reveal an intriguing pattern similar to that of threatened
species, whereby declines tend to concentrate around tropical
regions, whereas stability and increases show a tendency to
expand towards temperate climates. Importantly, we find that for
species currently classed by the IUCN Red List as
‘non-threatened’, 33% are declining. Critically, in contrast
with previous mass extinction events, our assessment shows that
the Anthropocene extinction crisis is undergoing a rapid
biodiversity imbalance, with levels of declines (a symptom of
extinction) greatly exceeding levels of increases (a symptom of
ecological expansion and potentially of evolution) for all
groups. Our study contributes a further signal indicating that
global biodiversity is entering a mass extinction, with
ecosystem heterogeneity and functioning, biodiversity
persistence, and human well-being under increasing threat.</font><br>
</blockquote>
<font face="Calibri"> </font><font face="Calibri"><a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/c6ffbfdf-96d5-4656-9068-d8807b55c929/brv12974-fig-0001-m.jpg">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/c6ffbfdf-96d5-4656-9068-d8807b55c929/brv12974-fig-0001-m.jpg</a></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12974#pane-pcw-figures">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12974#pane-pcw-figures</a><br>
</font><br>
<p><br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"> <i>[ Some thick science, yes this stresses
the Polar Bears ]</i></font><br>
<font face="Calibri"> </font> <font face="Calibri"><b>Recent
Efforts to Understand Warm Air Intrusions into the Arctic:
Atmosphere Meeting July 2023</b><br>
IARPC Collaborations<br>
Jul 27, 2023<br>
Warm air intrusions represent a significant source of heat,
moisture and aerosol particles across northern high latitudes.
Recent field campaigns have observed and even targeted these
features of the Arctic atmosphere to better understand their
dynamics and consequences. This meeting supported progress on
Deliverable 2.1.1 of the Arctic Research Plan's implementation
plan, supporting discussion and sharing knowledge on work to study
the transport of heat, moisture, and pollutants between Arctic and
lower latitudes, and on Deliverable 2.1.4, focusing discussion on
the advancement of understanding of the role of atmospheric rivers
in Arctic Amplification. <br>
<br>
Lubna Dada (Paul Scherrer Institut) presented "A central Arctic
extreme aerosol event triggered by a warm air-mass intrusion."
Penny Vlahos (University of Connecticut) provided an update on the
ARTofMELT expedition.<br>
<br>
Want to join future IARPC Collaborations meetings or webinars?
Request an account on our member space where U.S. federal
government program managers, scientists, and community members
from state, academic, Indigenous, nonprofit, and private sector
organizations team up to solve hard problems to carry out the
research laid out in the Arctic Research Plan. Visit » <a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.iarpccollaborations.org">https://www.iarpccollaborations.org</a><br>
</font><font face="Calibri"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GrnmHLEM5I">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GrnmHLEM5I</a><br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><br>
</font> </p>
<font face="Calibri"> <br>
<i>[The news archive - looking not very far back - actually the
files are missing ]</i><br>
<font size="+2"><i><b>July 28, 2014</b></i></font> <br>
July 28, 2014: <br>
MSNBC's Ed Schultz condemns Washington's refusal to take the
climate crisis seriously.<br>
</font>
<p><font face="Calibri"><b>Climate change impact on congressional
races</b><br>
Conservative climate change deniers fuel a misinformation
campaign, refusing to address the terrible environmental
disasters impacting the country. Ed Schultz, Jane Klebb and Brad
Woodhouse discuss.</font><br>
</p>
<p><font face="Calibri">
<strike><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.msnbc.com/the-ed-show/watch/climate-change-impact-on-congressional-races-313099843876#">http://www.msnbc.com/the-ed-show/watch/climate-change-impact-on-congressional-races-313099843876#</a></strike><br>
</font></p>
<p><b>Dangerous oceanic exploration off the East Coast</b><br>
A major setback for environmental safety, after the Obama
Administration lifts a 30 year ban on east coast oil and gas
exploration. Ed Schultz and Dr. Reese Halter discuss the potential
impact.<br>
</p>
<font face="Calibri"> <strike><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.msnbc.com/the-ed-show/watch/dangerous-oceanic-exploration-off-the-east-coast-313100867952#">http://www.msnbc.com/the-ed-show/watch/dangerous-oceanic-exploration-off-the-east-coast-313100867952#</a></strike><br>
<br>
<br>
</font>
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